Comparison of Moral Intelligence, Depression, and Attachment Styles in Adolescents with and without Social Anxiety Disorder

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Rostami Janaghard Robabeh; Pour Saeid Vahid; Saeedi Moghadam Faranak; Bagheri Sheykhangafshe Farzin; Farahani Hojjatollah

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Journal Paper

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Journal: TOLOO-E-BEHDASHT Year:2025 | Volume:24 | Issue:2 Page(s): 15-30

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Title

Comparison of Moral Intelligence, Depression, and Attachment Styles in Adolescents with and without Social Anxiety Disorder

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Keywords

Social Anxiety Disorder

Moral Intelligence

Depression

Attachment Styles

Abstract

Introduction: Psychological disorders during adolescence can significantly affect emotional, social, and academic development. One of the most common of these disorders is Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD), which may lead to difficulties in interpersonal relationships and a reduced quality of life in adolescents. The present study aimed to compare moral intelligence, depression, and attachment styles between adolescents with and without SAD. Methods: This study employed a descriptive causal-comparative design. The statistical population comprised high school students from districts 2 and 6 of Tehran Province during the 2024 academic year. A convenience sample of 240 adolescents (120 diagnosed with social anxiety disorder and 120 without the disorder) was selected based on their scores on the Social Anxiety Inventory,participants scoring one standard deviation above the mean (score ≥ 33) were classified as having social anxiety disorder, while those with lower scores were categorized as non-anxious. Participants completed the Social Anxiety Inventory, Moral Intelligence Questionnaire, Beck Depression Inventory, and Adult Attachment Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using MANOVA and ANOVA via SPSS version 27. Results: Adolescents with SAD exhibited lower levels of moral intelligence and secure attachment, as well as higher levels of depression, avoidant attachment and ambivalent attachment compared to their non-SAD peers That this difference was significant(P<0/001). Conclusion: Adolescents with social anxiety disorder have lower moral intelligence and weaker secure attachment and suffer more from depression and maladaptive attachment styles (avoidant and ambivalent). These findings highlight the importance of targeted interventions to strengthen emotional-social skills and reduce depressive symptoms in this group and emphasize the critical role of families and schools in promoting adolescent mental health.

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