Children’s Gender Identity among Families in Tehran: A Study in Psychological Anthropology

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Mohammadi Azin; Nemat Tavousi Mohtaram; Rahmani Jabar

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Journal Paper

Paper Information

Journal: SOCIOLOGY OF CULTURE AND ART Year:2025 | Volume:7 | Issue:1 Page(s): 115-132

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Title

Children’s Gender Identity among Families in Tehran: A Study in Psychological Anthropology

Author(s)

Mohammadi Azin | Nemat Tavousi Mohtaram | Rahmani Jabar | Issue Writer Certificate

Keywords

Anthropological Psychology

symbolic interactionism

Gender Identity

Gender Schema

social temporality

Abstract

This study aims to examine cultural and gender patterns that are transmitted to children through verbal and non-verbal gestures. These gestures shape children’s gender identity. The theoretical approach is based on the opinions of Herbert Mead, emphasizing the concepts of Mind, Self, and Society. The method of this research is a collection of Anthropological data including ethnography, interviews, and participatory observation. In general, six research fields were selected by purposive sampling from the families of the first district of Tehran and were studied using qualitative methods including observation and interview. The method of data analysis related to interviews is based on thematic analysis. The results of the research show that parents or close caregivers, due to the influence of cultural patterns, transfer gender values to children which shape the children’s gender identity and their interactions. Also, the findings of the field indicate that the relationship between parents and children can affect different dimensions of children’s gender identity. These dimensions include gender classification, gender pressure, gender deprivation, and gender intergroup prejudice. Each of these categories leads to the child’s gender schema. Gender schema is related to a set of patterns and rules that shape the child’s interaction with the outside and inside world. This means that children based on their gender schema in the presence of the stimulus and with the cultural processes that act as mediators, adopt the behavior appropriate to their gender.

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