OCCUPATIONAL LEAD POISONING IN WORKERS OF TRADITIONAL TILE FACTORIES IN MASHHAD, NORTHEAST OF IRAN

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BALALIMOUD M.; SHADEMANFAR S.; RASTGAR MOGHADAM J.; AFSHARI R.; NAMAEI GHASEMI M.; ALAH NEMATI H.; KERAMATI M.R.; NEGHABIAN J.; ZARE G.

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Journal: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE Year:2010 | Volume:1 | Issue:1 Page(s): 29-38

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Title

OCCUPATIONAL LEAD POISONING IN WORKERS OF TRADITIONAL TILE FACTORIES IN MASHHAD, NORTHEAST OF IRAN

Author(s)

Keywords

OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE

TOXICOLOGY

LEAD POISONING

NERVOUS SYSTEM

IRAN

Abstract

Background: Occupational LEAD POISONING is a health problem in IRAN. It has not previously been studied in traditional tile makers.Objective: To determine the prevalence of LEAD POISONING and its complications in traditional tile workers in Mashhad, Northwest of IRAN.Methods: We visited workers in two traditional tile factories and collected data by direct history taking and physical examination. Blood and urine lead concentrations were measured by heated graphite atomization technique. Results: Overall, 108 men with mean±SD age of 37±7.8 years were studied. The mean±SD length of daily lead exposure was 9.8±6 years. The mean±SD blood lead concentration was 520.5±323.2 mg/L. The main objective clinical findings were the presence of lead line (64.8%), peripheral neuropathy of the upper extremities (37%), depressed deep tendon reflexes in the upper extremities (25.7%), tremor (23.3%), peripheral neuropathy of the lower extremities (17%) and abdominal tenderness (15.1%). The subjective findings were mainly attributed to the central NERVOUS SYSTEM and included loss of memory (57%), moodiness (56.1%), agitation (47.7%), drowsiness (36.4%) and headache (29.9%). There was no statistically significant correlation between the blood lead concentration and glomerular filtration rate. However, there were significant correlations between the blood lead concentration and each of the urine lead concentration (p<0.001), diastolic blood pressure (p=0.04), serum triglyceride level (p=0.043), high density lipoprotein level (p=0.012), and basophilic stippling (p=0.048). Blood lead level, however, did not have any significant correlation with the presence of lead line.Conclusion: In traditional tile workers, lead toxicity is not uncommon and the toxic effects of lead were found more often on the teeth (bone), central and peripheral NERVOUS SYSTEM, hematological and lipid profiles than on the renal function.

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RECENT ADVANCES IN THE CLINICAL MANAGEMENT OF LEAD POISONING (REVIEW ARTICLE)

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APA: Copy

BALALIMOUD, M., SHADEMANFAR, S., RASTGAR MOGHADAM, J., AFSHARI, R., NAMAEI GHASEMI, M., ALAH NEMATI, H., KERAMATI, M.R., NEGHABIAN, J., & ZARE, G.. (2010). OCCUPATIONAL LEAD POISONING IN WORKERS OF TRADITIONAL TILE FACTORIES IN MASHHAD, NORTHEAST OF IRAN. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE, 1(1), 29-38. SID. https://sid.ir/paper/320175/en

Vancouver: Copy

BALALIMOUD M., SHADEMANFAR S., RASTGAR MOGHADAM J., AFSHARI R., NAMAEI GHASEMI M., ALAH NEMATI H., KERAMATI M.R., NEGHABIAN J., ZARE G.. OCCUPATIONAL LEAD POISONING IN WORKERS OF TRADITIONAL TILE FACTORIES IN MASHHAD, NORTHEAST OF IRAN. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE[Internet]. 2010;1(1):29-38. Available from: https://sid.ir/paper/320175/en

IEEE: Copy

M. BALALIMOUD, S. SHADEMANFAR, J. RASTGAR MOGHADAM, R. AFSHARI, M. NAMAEI GHASEMI, H. ALAH NEMATI, M.R. KERAMATI, J. NEGHABIAN, and G. ZARE, “OCCUPATIONAL LEAD POISONING IN WORKERS OF TRADITIONAL TILE FACTORIES IN MASHHAD, NORTHEAST OF IRAN,” INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 29–38, 2010, [Online]. Available: https://sid.ir/paper/320175/en

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