Review Article: An Application of Nasal Drug Delivery for Management of Head and Neck Diseases from the Perspective of Persian Medicine

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Gholipur Mohammad Allah; GORJI NARJES; MOEINI REIHANEH; Memariani Zahra

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Journal: Medical History Year:2019 | Volume:11 | Issue:40 Page(s): 89-105

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Title

Review Article: An Application of Nasal Drug Delivery for Management of Head and Neck Diseases from the Perspective of Persian Medicine

Author(s)

Gholipur Mohammad Allah | GORJI NARJES | MOEINI REIHANEH | Memariani Zahra | Issue Writer Certificate

Keywords

Herbal MedicineQ1

HeadacheQ1

Nasal Drug DeliveryQ1

Persian MedicineQ2

Abstract

Background and Aim: Nowadays, Nasal Drug Delivery (NDD) is much considered as an appropriate alternative method instead of oral and parenteral injection. These approaches were presented in Persian Medicine (PM) as an important way of drug administration especially for neurological disorders. The aim of this study is to introduce types of NDD from the viewpoint of PM for head and neck diseases in the period of Islamic civilization. Materials and Methods: The parts related to head and neck diseases were searched in the main PM reference books from the 3rd to the 13th century. Documents related to study keywords including Inkibab, Bakhur, Zaroor, Saoot, Shamoom, Shiaf, Atoos, Ghavali, Lakhlakhah, Nashoogh, Nafookh and their similarities were copied and studied line-by-line. The collected documents were categorized by timeframe, the method mentioned and type of disease. Ethical Considerations: Honesty and trustfulness were observed by referring texts to the refrences used. Findings: NDD forms including solids were classified into nasal insufflation (Nafookh, Atoos), splashes (Zarur) and dough (wax) includind suppository and wick, liquids were as nasal dibbling (Saoot) and liquid sniff formulations (Nashoogh) and gaseous forms were as fumigation (Bakhoor), vapor bath (Inkibab), inhalation (Lakhlakhah), aromatic agents (Shamoom, Ghavali). Saoot was used more than the other methods and the illness which most recommended was Headache. Discussion and Conclusion: NDD were advised in PM for several diseases. This method with a lot of benefits like easy to use, often painless, affordable and high efficiency and some side effects such as nasal mucosal injury, limitation in drug transmission through the nose and no drug withdrawal after usage has high potential for future researches.

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APA: Copy

Gholipur, Mohammad Allah, GORJI, NARJES, MOEINI, REIHANEH, & Memariani, Zahra. (2019). Review Article: An Application of Nasal Drug Delivery for Management of Head and Neck Diseases from the Perspective of Persian Medicine. MEDICAL HISTORY, 11(40 ), 89-105. SID. https://sid.ir/paper/411578/en

Vancouver: Copy

Gholipur Mohammad Allah, GORJI NARJES, MOEINI REIHANEH, Memariani Zahra. Review Article: An Application of Nasal Drug Delivery for Management of Head and Neck Diseases from the Perspective of Persian Medicine. MEDICAL HISTORY[Internet]. 2019;11(40 ):89-105. Available from: https://sid.ir/paper/411578/en

IEEE: Copy

Mohammad Allah Gholipur, NARJES GORJI, REIHANEH MOEINI, and Zahra Memariani, “Review Article: An Application of Nasal Drug Delivery for Management of Head and Neck Diseases from the Perspective of Persian Medicine,” MEDICAL HISTORY, vol. 11, no. 40 , pp. 89–105, 2019, [Online]. Available: https://sid.ir/paper/411578/en

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