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Information Journal Paper

Title

THE HUMAN THIOREDOXIN SYSTEM: MODIFICATIONS AND CLINICAL APPLICATIONS

Pages

  191-204

Abstract

 The THIOREDOXIN system, comprising THIOREDOXIN (Trx), THIOREDOXIN reductase (TrxR) and NADPH, is one of the major cellular antioxidant systems, implicated in a large and growing number of biological functions. Trx acts as an oxidoreductase via a highly conserved dithiol/disulfide motif located in the active site (-Trp-Cys-Gly-Pro- Cys-Lys-). Different factors are involved in the regulation of Trx activity, including its expression level, localization, protein-protein interactions, POST-TRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATIONs and some chemical inhibitors. Mammalian TrxRs are selenoproteins which have a –Cys-Val-Asn-Val-Gly-Cys- N-terminal active site, as well as a C-terminal selenium-containing active site. Besides two Cys-residues in the redox-regulatory domain of cytosolic Trx (Trx1), human Trx1 has three additional Cys-residues. POST-TRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATIONs of human Trx1 which are involved in the regulation of its activity can happen via modification of Cys-residues includingthiol oxidation, glutathionylation and S-nitrosylation or via modification of other amino acid residues such asnitration of Tyr-49. Because of the numerous functions of the THIOREDOXIN system, its inhibition (mainly happens via the targeting TrxR) can result in major cellular consequences, which are potentially pro-oxidant in nature, leading to cell death via necrosis or apoptosis if overexpression of Trx and other antioxidative enzymes can not recuperate cell response. Considering this feature, several anticancer drugs have been used which can inhibit TrxR. Elevated levels of Trx and/or TrxR have been reported in many different humanmalignancies, positively correlated with aggressive tumor growth and poor prognosis. Moreover, anti oxidative and antiapoptotic effects of Trx are reasons to study its clinical application as a drug.

Cites

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    • Cite

    APA: Copy

    HASHEMY, SEYED ISAAC. (2011). THE HUMAN THIOREDOXIN SYSTEM: MODIFICATIONS AND CLINICAL APPLICATIONS. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES, 14(3 (50)), 191-204. SID. https://sid.ir/paper/564106/en

    Vancouver: Copy

    HASHEMY SEYED ISAAC. THE HUMAN THIOREDOXIN SYSTEM: MODIFICATIONS AND CLINICAL APPLICATIONS. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES[Internet]. 2011;14(3 (50)):191-204. Available from: https://sid.ir/paper/564106/en

    IEEE: Copy

    SEYED ISAAC HASHEMY, “THE HUMAN THIOREDOXIN SYSTEM: MODIFICATIONS AND CLINICAL APPLICATIONS,” IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES, vol. 14, no. 3 (50), pp. 191–204, 2011, [Online]. Available: https://sid.ir/paper/564106/en

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