Review Article: Adjuvant Drugs for Peripheral Nerve Blocks: The Role of Alpha-2 Agonists, Dexamethasone, Midazolam, and Non-steroidal Anti-inﬂ ammatory Drugs

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Edinoﬀ Amber N.; Houk Garrett M.; Patil Shilpa; Siddaiah Harish Bangalore; Kaye Aaron J.; Iyengar Priya Shelvan; Cornett Elyse M.; IMANI FARNAD; Mahmoudi Kamran; Kaye Adam M.; Urman Richard D.; Kaye Alan D.

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Journal: Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine Year:2021 | Volume:11 | Issue:3 Page(s): 0-0

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Title

Review Article: Adjuvant Drugs for Peripheral Nerve Blocks: The Role of Alpha-2 Agonists, Dexamethasone, Midazolam, and Non-steroidal Anti-inﬂ ammatory Drugs

Author(s)

Keywords

Peripheral Nerve Block

Postoperative Pain

Adjuvant Medications

Alpha-2 Agonists

NSAIDs

Dexamethasone

Midazolam

Abstract

Adjuvant drugs for Peripheral Nerve Blocks are a promising solution to acute Postoperative Pain and the transition to chronic pain treatment. Peripheral Nerve Blocks (PNB) are used in the brachial plexus, lumbar plexus, femoral nerve, sciatic nerve, and many other anatomic locations for site-speciﬁ c pain relief. However, the duration of action of a PNB is limited without an adjuvant drug. The use of non-opioid adjuvant drugs for single-shot Peripheral Nerve Blocks (sPNB), such as Alpha-2 Agonists, Dexamethasone, Midazolam, and non-steroidal anti-inﬂ ammatory drugs, can extend the duration of local anesthetics and reduce the dose-dependent adverse eﬀ ects of local anesthetics. Tramadol is a weak opioid that acts as a central analgesic. It can block voltage-dependent sodium and potassium channels, cause serotonin release, and inhibit norepinephrine reuptake and can also be used as an adjuvant in PNBs. However, tramadol’ s eﬀ ectiveness and safety as an adjuvant to local anesthetic for PNB are inconsistent. The eﬀ ects of the adjuvants on neurotoxicity must be further evaluated with further studies to delineate the safety in their use in PNB. Further research needs to be done. However, the use of adjuvants in PNB can be a way to help control Postoperative Pain.

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APA: Copy

Edinoﬀ, Amber N., Houk, Garrett M., Patil, Shilpa, Siddaiah, Harish Bangalore, Kaye, Aaron J., Iyengar, Priya Shelvan, Cornett, Elyse M., IMANI, FARNAD, Mahmoudi, Kamran, Kaye, Adam M., Urman, Richard D., & Kaye, Alan D.. (2021). Review Article: Adjuvant Drugs for Peripheral Nerve Blocks: The Role of Alpha-2 Agonists, Dexamethasone, Midazolam, and Non-steroidal Anti-inﬂ ammatory Drugs. ANESTHESIOLOGY AND PAIN MEDICINE, 11(3), 0-0. SID. https://sid.ir/paper/667754/en

Vancouver: Copy

Edinoﬀ Amber N., Houk Garrett M., Patil Shilpa, Siddaiah Harish Bangalore, Kaye Aaron J., Iyengar Priya Shelvan, Cornett Elyse M., IMANI FARNAD, Mahmoudi Kamran, Kaye Adam M., Urman Richard D., Kaye Alan D.. Review Article: Adjuvant Drugs for Peripheral Nerve Blocks: The Role of Alpha-2 Agonists, Dexamethasone, Midazolam, and Non-steroidal Anti-inﬂ ammatory Drugs. ANESTHESIOLOGY AND PAIN MEDICINE[Internet]. 2021;11(3):0-0. Available from: https://sid.ir/paper/667754/en

IEEE: Copy

Amber N. Edinoﬀ, Garrett M. Houk, Shilpa Patil, Harish Bangalore Siddaiah, Aaron J. Kaye, Priya Shelvan Iyengar, Elyse M. Cornett, FARNAD IMANI, Kamran Mahmoudi, Adam M. Kaye, Richard D. Urman, and Alan D. Kaye, “Review Article: Adjuvant Drugs for Peripheral Nerve Blocks: The Role of Alpha-2 Agonists, Dexamethasone, Midazolam, and Non-steroidal Anti-inﬂ ammatory Drugs,” ANESTHESIOLOGY AND PAIN MEDICINE, vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 0–0, 2021, [Online]. Available: https://sid.ir/paper/667754/en

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