Interpretation of Hematological, Biochemical, and Immunological Findings of COVID-19 Disease: Biomarkers Associated with Severity and Mortality

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GHAZANFARI TOOBA; SALEHI MOHAMMAD REZA; NAMAKI SAEED; ARABKHERADMAND JALIL; ROSTAMIAN ABDOLRAHMAN; RAJABNIA CHENARY MARYAM; GHAFFARPOUR SARA; KABOUDANIAN ARDESTANI SUSSAN; EDALATIFARD MARYAM; NAGHIZADEH MOHAMMAD MEHDI; MOHAMMADI SAEED; MAHLOOJIRAD MARYAM; IZADI ALIREZA; GHANAATI HOSSEIN; BEIGMOHAMMADI MOHAMMAD TAGHI; VODJGANI MOHAMMAD; Mohammad Shirazi Bentolhoda; MIRSHARIF ENSIE SADAT; ABDOLLAHI ALIREZA; MOHAMMADI MOSTAFA; EMADI KOUCHAK HAMID; DEHGHAN MANSHADI SEYED ALI; Zamani Mohammad Saber; Mahmoodi Aliabadi Maedeh; JAMALI DAVOUD; Khajavirad Nasim; MOHSENI MAJD ALI MOHAMMAD; NASIRI ZAHRA; FAGHIHZADEH SOGHRAT

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Journal: Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology Year:2021 | Volume:20 | Issue:1 Page(s): 46-66

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Title

Interpretation of Hematological, Biochemical, and Immunological Findings of COVID-19 Disease: Biomarkers Associated with Severity and Mortality

Author(s)

Keywords

Biomarkers

COVID-19

Immunology

Inflammation

SARS-CoV-2

Abstract

The severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spread rapidly all over the world in late 2019 and caused critical illness and death in some infected patients. This study aimed at examining several laboratory factors, especially inflammatory and immunological mediators, to identify severity and mortality associated Biomarkers. Ninety-three hospitalized patients with confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) were classified based on disease severity. The levels of biochemical, hematological, immunological, and inflammatory mediators were assessed, and their association with severity and mortality were evaluated. Hospitalized patients were mostly men (77. 4%) with an average (standard deviation) age of 59. 14 (14. 81) years. The mortality rate was significantly higher in critical patients (85. 7%). Increased serum levels of blood sugar, urea, creatinine, uric acid, phosphorus, total bilirubin, serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase, serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase, lactic dehydrogenase, C-reactive protein, ferritin, and procalcitonin were significantly prevalent (p=0. 002, p<0. 001, p<0. 001, p=0. 014, p=0. 047, p=0. 003, p<0. 001, p<0. 001, p<0. 001, p<0. 001, P<0. 001, and p<0. 001, respectively) in COVID-19 patients. Decreased red blood cell, hemoglobin, and hematocrit were significantly prevalent among COVID-19 patients than healthy control subjects (p<0. 001 for all). Troponin-I, interleukin-6, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), procalcitonin, and D-dimer showed a significant association with the mortality of patients with specificity and sensitivity more than 60%. Age, sex, underlying diseases, blood oxygen pressure, complete blood count along with C-reactive protein, lactic dehydrogenase, procalcitonin, D-dimer, and interleukin-6 evaluation help to predict the severity and required management for COVID-19 patients. Further investigations are highly recommended in a larger cohort study for validation of the present findings.

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APA: Copy

GHAZANFARI, TOOBA, SALEHI, MOHAMMAD REZA, NAMAKI, SAEED, ARABKHERADMAND, JALIL, ROSTAMIAN, ABDOLRAHMAN, RAJABNIA CHENARY, MARYAM, GHAFFARPOUR, SARA, KABOUDANIAN ARDESTANI, SUSSAN, EDALATIFARD, MARYAM, NAGHIZADEH, MOHAMMAD MEHDI, MOHAMMADI, SAEED, MAHLOOJIRAD, MARYAM, IZADI, ALIREZA, GHANAATI, HOSSEIN, BEIGMOHAMMADI, MOHAMMAD TAGHI, VODJGANI, MOHAMMAD, Mohammad Shirazi, Bentolhoda, MIRSHARIF, ENSIE SADAT, ABDOLLAHI, ALIREZA, MOHAMMADI, MOSTAFA, EMADI KOUCHAK, HAMID, DEHGHAN MANSHADI, SEYED ALI, Zamani, Mohammad Saber, Mahmoodi Aliabadi, Maedeh, JAMALI, DAVOUD, Khajavirad, Nasim, MOHSENI MAJD, ALI MOHAMMAD, NASIRI, ZAHRA, & FAGHIHZADEH, SOGHRAT. (2021). Interpretation of Hematological, Biochemical, and Immunological Findings of COVID-19 Disease: Biomarkers Associated with Severity and Mortality. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF ALLERGY, ASTHMA AND IMMUNOLOGY (IJAAI), 20(1), 46-66. SID. https://sid.ir/paper/694370/en

Vancouver: Copy

GHAZANFARI TOOBA, SALEHI MOHAMMAD REZA, NAMAKI SAEED, ARABKHERADMAND JALIL, ROSTAMIAN ABDOLRAHMAN, RAJABNIA CHENARY MARYAM, GHAFFARPOUR SARA, KABOUDANIAN ARDESTANI SUSSAN, EDALATIFARD MARYAM, NAGHIZADEH MOHAMMAD MEHDI, MOHAMMADI SAEED, MAHLOOJIRAD MARYAM, IZADI ALIREZA, GHANAATI HOSSEIN, BEIGMOHAMMADI MOHAMMAD TAGHI, VODJGANI MOHAMMAD, Mohammad Shirazi Bentolhoda, MIRSHARIF ENSIE SADAT, ABDOLLAHI ALIREZA, MOHAMMADI MOSTAFA, EMADI KOUCHAK HAMID, DEHGHAN MANSHADI SEYED ALI, Zamani Mohammad Saber, Mahmoodi Aliabadi Maedeh, JAMALI DAVOUD, Khajavirad Nasim, MOHSENI MAJD ALI MOHAMMAD, NASIRI ZAHRA, FAGHIHZADEH SOGHRAT. Interpretation of Hematological, Biochemical, and Immunological Findings of COVID-19 Disease: Biomarkers Associated with Severity and Mortality. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF ALLERGY, ASTHMA AND IMMUNOLOGY (IJAAI)[Internet]. 2021;20(1):46-66. Available from: https://sid.ir/paper/694370/en

IEEE: Copy

TOOBA GHAZANFARI, MOHAMMAD REZA SALEHI, SAEED NAMAKI, JALIL ARABKHERADMAND, ABDOLRAHMAN ROSTAMIAN, MARYAM RAJABNIA CHENARY, SARA GHAFFARPOUR, SUSSAN KABOUDANIAN ARDESTANI, MARYAM EDALATIFARD, MOHAMMAD MEHDI NAGHIZADEH, SAEED MOHAMMADI, MARYAM MAHLOOJIRAD, ALIREZA IZADI, HOSSEIN GHANAATI, MOHAMMAD TAGHI BEIGMOHAMMADI, MOHAMMAD VODJGANI, Bentolhoda Mohammad Shirazi, ENSIE SADAT MIRSHARIF, ALIREZA ABDOLLAHI, MOSTAFA MOHAMMADI, HAMID EMADI KOUCHAK, SEYED ALI DEHGHAN MANSHADI, Mohammad Saber Zamani, Maedeh Mahmoodi Aliabadi, DAVOUD JAMALI, Nasim Khajavirad, ALI MOHAMMAD MOHSENI MAJD, ZAHRA NASIRI, and SOGHRAT FAGHIHZADEH, “Interpretation of Hematological, Biochemical, and Immunological Findings of COVID-19 Disease: Biomarkers Associated with Severity and Mortality,” IRANIAN JOURNAL OF ALLERGY, ASTHMA AND IMMUNOLOGY (IJAAI), vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 46–66, 2021, [Online]. Available: https://sid.ir/paper/694370/en

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