The Four-Item Patient Health Questionnaire for Anxiety and Depression: A Validation Study in Infertile Patients

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GHAHERI AZADEH; OMANI SAMANI REZA; SEPIDARKISH MAHDI; HOSSEINI MOSTAFA; MAROUFIZADEH SAMAN

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Journal: International Journal of Fertility & Sterility Year:2020 | Volume:14 | Issue:3 Page(s): 234-239

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Title

The Four-Item Patient Health Questionnaire for Anxiety and Depression: A Validation Study in Infertile Patients

Author(s)

Keywords

Anxiety

Depression

Infertility

Reliability

Validity

Abstract

Background: The most common mental disorders in infertile patients are Depression and Anxiety. The four-item Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4) is a widely used tool that consists of the PHQ-2 Depression and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-2 (GAD-2) scales. Given that PHQ-4 has not been validated in infertile patients, this study aimed to examine its Reliability and Validity in this population. Materials and Methods: Participants in this cross-sectional study consisted of 539 infertile patients from a referral fertility centre in Tehran, Iran. The PHQ-4, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), World Health Organisation-Five Well-Being Index (WHO-5), Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ) and demographic/Infertility questionnaires were administered to all participants. Factor structure and internal consistency of PHQ-4 were evaluated via confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and Cronbach’ s alpha, respectively. The convergent Validity of this scale was examined by its relationship with HADS, WHO-5 and PSWQ. Results: CFA results provided support for a two-factor model of PHQ-4. Internal consistency of the PHQ-4 and its subscales both were elevated with Cronbach’ s alpha coefficients of 0. 767 (PHQ-4), 0. 780 (PHQ-2) and 0. 814 (GAD-2). Inter-item correlations were between 0. 386 and 0. 639, and corrected item-total correlations were between 0. 576 and 0. 687. PHQ-4, PHQ-2 and GAD-2 showed positive correlations with measures of HADS-Anxiety, HADS-Depression, and PSWQ and negative correlations with WHO-5, which confirmed convergent Validity. Among demographic/fertility variables, we observed that gender, Infertility duration, and failure in previous treatment were correlated with PHQ-4 and its subscales scores. Conclusion: The PHQ-4 is a reliable and valid ultra-brief screening instrument for measuring both Anxiety and depressive symptoms in infertile patients.

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APA: Copy

GHAHERI, AZADEH, OMANI SAMANI, REZA, SEPIDARKISH, MAHDI, HOSSEINI, MOSTAFA, & MAROUFIZADEH, SAMAN. (2020). The Four-Item Patient Health Questionnaire for Anxiety and Depression: A Validation Study in Infertile Patients. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FERTILITY AND STERILITY, 14(3), 234-239. SID. https://sid.ir/paper/742112/en

Vancouver: Copy

GHAHERI AZADEH, OMANI SAMANI REZA, SEPIDARKISH MAHDI, HOSSEINI MOSTAFA, MAROUFIZADEH SAMAN. The Four-Item Patient Health Questionnaire for Anxiety and Depression: A Validation Study in Infertile Patients. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FERTILITY AND STERILITY[Internet]. 2020;14(3):234-239. Available from: https://sid.ir/paper/742112/en

IEEE: Copy

AZADEH GHAHERI, REZA OMANI SAMANI, MAHDI SEPIDARKISH, MOSTAFA HOSSEINI, and SAMAN MAROUFIZADEH, “The Four-Item Patient Health Questionnaire for Anxiety and Depression: A Validation Study in Infertile Patients,” INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FERTILITY AND STERILITY, vol. 14, no. 3, pp. 234–239, 2020, [Online]. Available: https://sid.ir/paper/742112/en

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