Concentration of potentially toxic elements in black tea imported to Iran: a potential risk assessment study

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JAVEDAN GHOLAMALI; GHAFFARI HAMID REZA; HEIDARINEJAD ZOHA; Zeraei Nahid; Hoseinvandtabar Somayeh; Pourramezani Fateme; AHMADI MEHRDAD

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Journal: IRANIAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENT Year:2022 | Volume:15 | Issue:1 Page(s): 153-168

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Title

Concentration of potentially toxic elements in black tea imported to Iran: a potential risk assessment study

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Keywords

Heavy metals

Tea

Health risk assessment

Abstract

Background and Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the concentration of potentially toxic elements (arsenic, lead, copper, cadmium and mercury) in black Tea imported to southern Iran and to assess the risk of carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic exposure to consumers. Materials and Methods: For this purpose, 94 samples of black Tea from 15 brands imported from India in 2021 were selected. Heavy metals concentrations were measured using an atomic absorption spectrometer (GBC model SAVANTAA). After determining the concentration of Heavy metals in black Tea samples, Health risk assessment was determined using Montocarlo simulation technique. Results: According to the results, the average concentrations of Heavy metals namely arsenic, lead, copper, cadmium and mercury were 0. 03± 0. 02, 0. 02± 0. 16, 15. 67± 7. 69, 0. 02± 0. 01 and 0. 006± 0. 005 mg/kg, respectively. The hazard quotient (HQ) of the Heavy metals arsenic, lead, copper, cadmium and mercury were 1. 07×10-2, 6. 37×10-3, 3. 45×10-5, 2. 05×10-2 and 7. 19×10-4, respectively. Conclusion: Therefore, according to the findings, it can be concluded that the concentrations of potentially toxic elements (arsenic, lead, copper, mercury and cadmium) in black Tea were consistent with the standard level of Iran and World Health Organization. Additionally, the average carcinogenic risk index for arsenic metal was 4. 49×10-6, which is much lower than the acceptable level of carcinogenic risk (10-6). Therefore, the concentrations of five potentially toxic elements in the studied black Tea did not show any significant risk for consumers.

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APA: Copy

JAVEDAN, GHOLAMALI, GHAFFARI, HAMID REZA, HEIDARINEJAD, ZOHA, Zeraei, Nahid, Hoseinvandtabar, Somayeh, Pourramezani, Fateme, & AHMADI, MEHRDAD. (2022). Concentration of potentially toxic elements in black tea imported to Iran: a potential risk assessment study. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENT, 15(1 ), 153-168. SID. https://sid.ir/paper/965657/en

Vancouver: Copy

JAVEDAN GHOLAMALI, GHAFFARI HAMID REZA, HEIDARINEJAD ZOHA, Zeraei Nahid, Hoseinvandtabar Somayeh, Pourramezani Fateme, AHMADI MEHRDAD. Concentration of potentially toxic elements in black tea imported to Iran: a potential risk assessment study. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENT[Internet]. 2022;15(1 ):153-168. Available from: https://sid.ir/paper/965657/en

IEEE: Copy

GHOLAMALI JAVEDAN, HAMID REZA GHAFFARI, ZOHA HEIDARINEJAD, Nahid Zeraei, Somayeh Hoseinvandtabar, Fateme Pourramezani, and MEHRDAD AHMADI, “Concentration of potentially toxic elements in black tea imported to Iran: a potential risk assessment study,” IRANIAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENT, vol. 15, no. 1 , pp. 153–168, 2022, [Online]. Available: https://sid.ir/paper/965657/en

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