In Order to study the effects of cadmium on some growth and physiological parameters on canola plants, seeds were sterilized and treated with different (0,10,50,100 and 500 m nm)in cadmium Concentration petri dishes. Petri were transferred to germinator which was under control for seven days and toxicity effect this ion on seedlings were investigated. For this reason identical seedlings from each sample were selected then root and shoot length and weight as well as chlorophyll and carotenoids content were measured. The content of reduced sugar and proteins of these oranges were measured by spectrophotometeric methods.Results showed a significant decrease in root and epicothylodon growth. We also observed a significant decrease in shoot and root fresh and dry weight in seedlings which were treated M with 100 and 500 mm of cadmium ion. Cholorophyll and carotenoids content decreased significantly. Total protein content increased in leaves and roots of those seedlings which were treated with 10, 50 and 100 mm of cadmium.This increase probably is the 100 m mindication of increase in enzymes involved in defense mechanism in plants and antioxidant poly peptides which also are a defense mechanism. On the order hand, the amount of reduced sugar increased in cothylodonary leaves and the reason of this could be the conversion of insoluble sugar, but the content of sugar decreased in roots.

In this project, with study compound dyes, which probability this compound present in plant like Tannins, Flavonoids ,Anthroquinins, Anthocyanins , Carotenoids. Collected 130 sample from 99 species of plants, and this plants dry in oven, using dyeing method contemporaneous powder or plant boil and mordant in acidity colour bath, then dry yarns in shade, and study stability of yarns in usual acidity and alkalin water in temperature of 50°c for one hour. Study yarns light stability on the basis of ISO-I05 BOI: 1989(E) , Result showed from 1040 colour spectrum from study of plants dyes, all of spectrum were resistance to whishing and 83% spectrum colour of yarns were fast colour and stable, therefore they can be used in industries carpets. Total silks yarns were stable than wool yarns, dyeing with cupric sulfate and ferrous sulfate mordant were more stable than other dyes and instable dyes were with Alluminium sulfate. Polish and monotonousness dyeing with plants boil were sensible from plants powder.

Astaxanthin is a xanthophylls, a fat-soluble, oxygenated pigment a member of the carotenoid family. It has a unique molecular structure that 500 times-gives it powerful antioxidant function. Astaxanthin has 100 the antioxidant capacity of Vitamin E and 10 times the antioxidant capacity of beta-carotene and also stronger antioxidant than lutein, lycopene and tocotrienols. Mutagenesis of Phaffia rhodozyma was done with different concentrations of NTG. After many times of selections, mutated colonies were obtained that were resistant to 0.05% 2-Deoxyglucose. These were tested in GPY broth for astaxanthin formation. Four mutant’s colonies obtained with 250mg/ml of NTG. The highly pigmented mutants produced approximately 485 mg of total carotenoid per g yeast estimated as astraxanthin, compared with the parental strain which had 250 mg/g. The results of TLC analysis of carotenoid composition of P. rhodozyma mutant indicated that mutant strain produced five different carotenoids on the basis of polarity and RF values.

Dog rose (Rosa canina L.) is considered as one of the most important medicinal plants, which contain valuable medicinal and nutritional compounds in its fruits. In order to determine total phenolic, soluble carbohydrates, carotenoid contents and minerals in dog rose fruits collected from five different ecological regions in south-west of Iran (Kiar and Gerd Bishe in Charmahal & Bakhtiari, Yasuj and Meymand in Kohgiluye & Boyer Ahmad and Semirom in Isfahan), an evaluation was carried out during 2006-2007. Total phenolic contents, total soluble carbohydrates and total carotenoids varied from 83.13-94.14 mg GAE/g DW, 13.34–17.14% and 408.36–495 µg/g FW, respectively. The N, P, K, Mg, Ca, Fe, Zn and Mn values of fruit samples differed from 0.73-1.15%, 2816–4278 ppm, 2036–3325 ppm, 689–1092 ppm, 821–1243 ppm, 34–52 ppm, 15–29 ppm and 23–43 ppm, respectively. This study showed that fruits of dog rose are a rich source of phenolic contents, soluble carbohydrates, carotenoids and minerals. In this study, content of active substances affected by climatic factors of case studies was investigated.

In this study, the effects of salt stress on the activity of ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione reductase (GR), superoxide dismutase enzymes (SOD), carotenoid content, the rate of lipid peroxidation (LP) in terms of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) content and grain yield were investigated. Eighteen triticale lines comprising 9 doubled haploid (DH) lines and 9 corresponding F8 lines in comparison with two bread wheat cultivars ('Roshan' as a drought tolerant and 'Kavir' as a salt tolerant cultivar), were used. A randomized complete block design with three replications was used for each environmental condition (non-stressed and saltstressed conditions) at the Research Farm of College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology in a silty clay loam soil in 2008-2009. Both salt stressed and non-stressed experiments were irrigated with water having EC of 1 dS m-1 until mid-jointing stage (43 growth stage of Zadoks scale), and afterward salt-stressed experiment was irrigated with saline water containing 175 mM NaCl and EC= 16 dS m-1. Salinity led to an increase in the enzyme activities and LP and a decrease in carotenoid content in the leaves of both triticale and wheat genotypes. An inverse and significant relationship between grain yield loss due to salinity stress with carotenoid content was observed (r=-0.54*). Under both conditions, negative and significant correlations (r=-0.61**) were observed between grain yield and LP. The orthogonal comparison between triticale line and wheat cultivars revealed the superiority of triticale lines for the production of antioxidants and less LP in triticale than wheat under both environmental conditions, which might be related to the development of relatively higher salt tolerant in triticale.

Boron is considered as a micro-element with essential roles in plant metabolism, including cell wall construction in high pectin content cell walls, malic acid synthesis and cell division. Another possible role attributed to boron is carbohydrate translocation, as sucrose, inside the plant organs. The former role was kept in mind to conduct the evaluation of the single or combined foliar application of boron and sucrose on biochemical parameters measured in shoots, leaves and fruits of strawberry plants. The highest level of chlorophyll a, b, total leaf chlorophyll and carotene content were recorded following application of sucrose (10%) combined with boric acid (0.2%). The total leaf carbohydrate content was also recorded in the same treatment but highest glucose percentage was observed following spraying sucrose (10%) combined with boric acid (0.1%). The highest level of estimated carbohydrate, fruit glucose content, leaf sucrose content were measured following application of sucrose (10%) combined with either 0.1 or 0.2% of boric acid. The same treatments also yielded higher fruit ascorbic acid and sucrose contents. These findings demonstrated a typical rise in leaf chlorophyll as well as carbohydrate contents following treatment and as result significant increasing fruit carbohydrate content. Furthermore, high boric acid levels may lead to phytoxicity and consequently significant decreasing leaf and fruit chlorophyll and carbohydrate levels. The positive correlations were also calculated among estimated biochemical composition of leaf and fruits.

Background & Aim: Marigold or Calendula officinalis L. is a annual herb belongs to the Asteraceae family. Marigold is a valuable medicinal plant which is used in pharmaceutical industry. In addition, this plant is cultivated as an ornamental plant. Aim of current study was to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of jasmonic acid (JA), and salicylic acid (SA) on phytochemical properties of Calendula officinalis L. flower.Experimental: A pot experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with six treatments, and seven replications. The treatments, including four concentrations of SA (1, 10, 20, and 40 mmol/L), and JA in three levels (50, 100, and 200 ml/L). The treatments were sprayed before the early flowering stage of growth.Results & discussion: Results of analysis of variance indicated the various concentrations of the foliar application of JA, and SA do have significant impacts on polyphenol, carotenoid and flavenoids contents in the extracts of C. officinalis. In addition, results indicated the correlation between traits by Pearson method that there was a significant and positive relation between polyphenol and carotenoid (0.603**).Industrial and practical recommendations: In metabolic cultivation, for producing a special metabolite, the main agronomic and processing management should be regarded in order to increase the rate of essence and metabolites. Finally, the treatment of solution of JA 100 ml may be suitable because of increased content of carotenoid and polyphenol contents.

The effect of nitrogen form and oxygen levels on the some eco-physiological and chemical characteristics of lettuce was investigated. The results showed that the effect of treatments on minimal fluorescence (Fo) was not significant, although, ammonium caused reduction in maximal fluorescence (Fm), variable fluorescence (Fv) and Fv/Fm ratio. Ammonium also increased leaf proline concentration, but the effects of oxygen levels and its interaction with nitrogen form was not significant. Ammonium also increased green color (SPAD value) of leaves compared to nitrate, and SPAD value was higher in low levels of oxygen. Chlorophyll a, b and carotenoids increased in ammonium-fed plants. Low levels of oxygen decreased chlorophyll b content. The results showed that Fe concentration of leaves was higher in the nitrate-grown plants compared to ammonium grown plants. Decrease of Fv/Fm ratio and higher proline could be the sign of ammonium-induced toxicity. Decrease of Fe concentration in the leaves of ammonium-fed plants could have a role in growth reduction.