Despite the fact that interpreting has long existed in history and predates translation, INTERPRETER training as an autonomous discipline is non-existent at the graduate level in Iran. The paramount focus of this study was to probe into the status quo of interpreting courses in Iranian academia and subsequently delve into the possible expediencies to establishing such a discipline in higher education. To this end, 15 professional INTERPRETERs (9 from Iran and 6 from other countries), 10 INTERPRETER trainers (4 from Iran and 6 from other countries), and 118 English Translation Studies students (32 M. A. and 86 B. A. ) who were selected through convenience sampling participated in this study. The students filled out a 20-item researchers-designed Likert-scale interpreting status quo questionnaire and the INTERPRETER trainers and INTERPRETERs were invited for a formal semi-structured interview. Findings, analyzed quantitatively by SPSS software version 28 and qualitatively by inductive codification process, revealed the existing situation of the interpreting courses in the Iranian academia in terms of needs analysis, objectives and syllabus, methodology, materials as well as course contents and ensured the significance of establishing INTERPRETER training as an independent discipline in the higher education among all stakeholders, i. e. INTERPRETERs, INTERPRETER trainers (teachers) and INTERPRETER trainees (students) for a number of expediencies including non-existence of this discipline in Iran, the need for academization, its multidisciplinary nature, dearth of specialization, addressing stakeholders and researchability, generating pertinent activities, glocal reputation, and employability.

research on the personality and thoughts of Ibn Abi al-Madid and a glance at his Sharh-i Nahj al-Balagha seems to be worthwhile and even essential due to his reliability in religious studies.He is well-known particularly among shi'i writers and scholars, and his knowledgeable data have received much attention by them; his attitudes and analyses are highly significant both theologically and historically, as well as in terms of transmission of hadith. However, this attention has occasionally been accompanied by a critical approach and even some books have been written in its refutation, but there has been much trust in his views and judgments especially in some instances of dispute with the opponents, to the extent that some authors have launched arguments with Sunnis invoking his words in support of their views, claiming that shi'i beliefs have followers, or at least proponents, even among the very Sunnis. Therefore, it seems befitting to take a glance, however cursive, at his personality and thoughts as well as his Sharh-I Nahj al-Balagha, which is the most outstanding book left behind by him, and to study the value of his data.The main questions that initially preoccupy the researchers’ minds are "Who is Ibn Abi al-Hadid? ", "What scholarly, political, and social status did he enjoy? "What was his personality like?" And "What motivations and elements prompted him to create his Sharh-i Nahj al-Balagha, and what status and significance does it have.Answering these questions will undoubtedly pave the way to answering some other questions, too. In light of such discourse, in particular, the extent of validity of traditions, narrations, and information brought up in his work can be verified to some extent.To achieve the above goal and to answer the aforementioned questions, this article provides discussions in two separate sections: first, it examines Ibn Abi al-hadid's personality and his political, social, and scientific status, and then reviews his Sharh-I Nahj al- Balagha.

The main aim of the present study was to develop a rubric against which interpreting can be assessed. To this end, different aspects of interpretation of four Iranian INTERPRETERs were analyzed. Based on the results obtained, a noticeable positive correlation was observed between the analytic scoring of INTERPRETER performance on the one hand, and the holistic ratings provided by three experienced raters on the other. Analyzing the INTERPRETERs' performance over different time intervals, the researcher found a noticeable decline in the measure of complexity which was attributed to the heavy demand that restructuring imposes on the limited cognitive resources of the INTERPRETERs over time. Also, a significant negative rank- order correlation was observed between the complexity and translation accuracy of INTERPRETER performance. This was justified on the basis of the trade- offs that INTERPRETERs were willing to accept in order to maintain the efficiency of their interpretation. The other findings of the study also corroborated the very idea of utilizing analytic measures for INTERPRETER evaluation in order to increase objectivity.

Objectives: : The present survey aims at analyzing the concept of aesthetic experience as the most powerful and meaningful experience of human life. The author of the article attempts to find the relation between aesthetic experience and Faithful experiences with a glance at allameh tabatabaee views.Method: the method of the paper is theorical (descriptive- analytical) and library data collection.results: The results of the research indicate triple relationship among elegance, the faith and mysticism, conclusion: The authors of the research conlude aesthetic experience as an indicator of Truth in the field of Imagination and is gained through Mindfulness and  intuition  based on the faith and knowledge . The faith in the viewpoint of allameh tabatabaee is based on the love of Allah and aesthetic experiences are related to love. Therfore in order to find the relation between aesthetic and Faith, we have to analyse the meaning of love. on the other hand aesthetic is not just related to materials .the truth of aesthetic is rooted in rationality and furthermore, even the materialistic level of aesthetic is also has an inner and deep level which should be explored.

Employing a theoretical model that combines elements from phenomenology and smiotics, the present article analyzes the respresntation of the immigrant‟s life style in a literary work. After introducing the semio-phenomenological model, a new definition is proposed for “life style”, which is formed in the “intentional” relation between the subject, on the one hand, and objects and actions, on the other, and, thus, imparts signification, value and identity to both sides of the exchange. Accordingly, in order to analyze the life style, the proposed model points to the following four actions: difference, similarity, connection and translation. Next, via a semio-phenomenological analysis, these four actions aretraced in Jhumpa Lahiri‟s collection of short stories INTERPRETER of Maladies. Finally, it is concluded that in the inteactive or phenomenological relation to others and objects surrounding him/her, the immigrant experiences different life styles. He/She establishes his/her difference from the other by virtue of preserving the life style in his/her homeland; yet, at the same time, by imitating the hostcountry‟s life style, he/she attempts to identify with the other, mixes with the other, creates a hybrid life style and makes an engrafted identity.Most importantly, contitnually passing through the significations of the homeland‟s andhost country‟s life styles, the immigrant repeatedly translates his/her own identities.

This is the third installment in the electrocardiogram (ECG) interpretation series by Jerry W. Jones MD FACEP FAAEM for this journal. In the first installments, he discussed simple atrioventricular (AV) dissociation versus AV dissociation caused by third degree AV block (1),and in the second one, he shares some very important pearls regarding ECG interpretation (2). . .

Performance of the INTERPRETERs could in many ways be assessed by the audience, whether professional, or not. Coming out of a conference, or a negotiating session in which an INTERPRETER performed as a mediator between and among a number of individuals involved, s/he may hear a number of different types of comments on his/her performance, such as "had it not been for the quick wit of the INTERPRETER, we wouldn't have come out of the session with agreement.", or " what a talented INTERPRETER. He perfectly handled both sides so swiftly and authoritatively," One thing we must bear in mind is that not all comments are in favor of the INTERPRETERs and their performances. It is possible that the INTERPRETERs will be the target of strong criticisms by the audience of a lecture delivered, or the negotiating members of a delegation. It is thus the objective of the present paper to glance at the performance of INTERPRETERs and find out why some of them prove weak in their performances. In other words, the present paper is aimed at providing INTERPRETER trainees and probably novice INTERPRETERs with certain dues so that they can overcome their weaknesses and prove successful mediators in probably all sessions their performance is required. Now, let us investigate the probable weaknesses of INTERPRETERs and find out if it is possible to categorize them. Attempts will also be made to/ provide possible solution to the probable problems in this connection.

The burgeoning presence of translation narratives in literature and cinema has given rise to the emerging concept of the "fictional turn" in Translation Studies. This approach challenges the traditional view of translators as passive language conduits, instead recognizing them as social actors who actively shape meaning. This study delves into the "fictional turn" by analyzing the 2005 film "The INTERPRETER" by Sydney Pollack. Employing qualitative research design and a case study approach, we explore the social identity of the film's INTERPRETER. Our findings reveal that "The INTERPRETER" offers a nuanced and complex portrayal of an INTERPRETER's social identity. The protagonist is depicted as a skilled, ethical, yet vulnerable individual caught between cultures and languages, constantly navigating diverse commitments. This study demonstrates how the "fictional turn" provides a valuable framework for understanding the social identity of INTERPRETERs in films and other fictional narratives. By embracing this approach, we gain a deeper appreciation for the intricate and multifaceted role INTERPRETERs play in today's world.

One of the fundamental issues in the interpretation of religious texts, especially the interpretation of the Qur'an, is the issue of comprehension. Various discourses have been made in the field of comprehension. Some of these discourses are based on the author-centered approach, others are text-oriented, and some are commentator-centered. The commentator-centered interpretation considers the position of the INTERPRETER abow the comprehensor, thus the INTERPRETER is to be involved in constructing the meaning of the text. The purpose of this article is to explain the vulnerabilities of the components of INTERPRETER-centered approch in the category of understanding and interpreting the Qur'an. The present study has descriptively-analytically examined the achievements of applying the principles of the INTERPRETER-centered idea in understanding the Qur'an and has expressed its disadvantages. Findings of the research indicate that the INTERPRETER-centered view causes troubles such as: denying the truthness of the meaning, denying its narrativeness, text independence and ignoring the role of the author and not believing in the objectivity of the meaning. These vulnerabilities are also taken from incorrect foundations of anthropology and phenomenology, which are not realistic and often confine human beings in the space of material and unreal life

The field of English translation is one of the applied fields in all countries of the world. Considering that the English language has a special position in relations between countries, universities, specialized, medical and legal affairs, it is necessary to examine this field. However, it should be known that English language translators do not provide services only in written form. Sometimes translators work as INTERPRETERs in international meetings and as INTERPRETERs in courts where one of the litigants does not have Iranian nationality or does not understand the Persian language. It is essential. On the other hand, the use of oral or written translators is not considered, but the translator must have special skills, including: general literacy, cultural competence, a general knowledge and understanding of the institutions in which the clients need language assistance, specialty knowledge, accreditation, soft skill, asking the right questions and listening skills. The purpose of this article is to motivate translators and pay attention to their position. The method used in this article is the library method.