Online education is a young issue in most developing-countries and there are debates on replacing or complementing it with virtual and digitized training and establishing e-colleges especially in language teaching among other educational disciplines. One of the global critics against such programs is that they are not designed academically; rather, they are rendered a machine producing university degrees. In the present study, a questionnaire including 25 questions - dealing with issues on English language teaching (ELT) -were sent to English language instructors and professors in Iran. It is assumed that EFL professionals with enough experience in ELT and exposure to web based resources can be of considerable help in determining, at least, the fundamentals. Their responses revealed their concern about the quality of education and whether the program can be implemented with the least possible waste of time, money and energy. However, respondents of all ages and different university degrees expressed the pressing need for it. Finally it is concluded that in order to develop successful online EFL programs, invaluable guidelines can be obtained from the views and attitudes of university professors and instructors.

Shahrour is a contemporary thinker who, with the content of new sciences and presuppositions that can be criticized, has certain questionable inferences from the Qur'an. His so-called intellectual ideas are reflected in his most important work Al-Kitab and Al-Qur'an. Using the descriptive-analytical method, with the aim of recognizing, criticizing and analyzing Shahrour's ideas, the researcher first identified his presuppositions in the three fields of Qur'anic knowledge, modernism, and linguistics under fifteen components; Then he submitted them to criticism and analysis to be a step to fill part of the research gap in this field. The result of the research showed that Shahrour, with a special Qur'anic perspective, modernism and taking advantage of new sciences and philosophy and discrediting the prophetic tradition, interpretations and early jurisprudence and Sufism, is trying to adapt and harmonize the text of the Qur'an with the current era. Is. For this reason, it can be said that Shahrour's effort is more to adapt and impose his views on the Qur'an, rather than interpretation.

As a growing trend in the cognitive approach to teaching, exploring teachers’ preconceptions can help to reveal various underlying dimen-sions that could leave significant impacts on the teaching process. Such preconceptions, of course, are very important in the case of novice teachers, particularly English as foreign language (EFL) ones, who have started to shape or re-shape their ideas about teaching. This study investigated Iranian EFL novice teachers’ preconceptions at private institutes, following three purposes: (a) it tried to find any possibly existing underlying preconceptions about teaching in the teachers; (b) it sought to detect any similar patterns in their ideas; and (c) it intended to find the metaphorical expressions the teachers used to share their experiences of teaching English. To trace any similarities in the novice teachers' preconceptions, copies of a questionnaire including twelve items were completed by a sample of novice EFL teachers (43 males/females). The data analysis revealed five factors underlying the preconceptions: learning, students' problem solving, teachers' role, instruction, and good teacher. Moreover, to investigate the metaphorical expressions, 20-miniute semi-structured interviews were arranged with five EFL novice teachers. The interviews revealed that the participants employed metaphors in sharing their teaching-related experiences.

Introduction: Teachers' beliefs are the essential factor in their practice. However, the source of many teachers' beliefs is their personal experiences from their experiences as students and teachers. The purpose of this study was to investigate the conceptions of Iranian teachers about the concepts of learning and teaching and examine its compatibility with contemporary scientific perspectives, especially cognitive science of learning. Methods: In this research, the phenomenological method was used, which examines various ways of understanding a concept or phenomenon from the perspective of a specific group of people. Participants in the study were 15 elementary school teachers whose beliefs about learning and teaching were examined through in-depth semi-structured interviews. Results: The results revealed that during the recent educational reforms, Iranian teachers have become more aware of the role of teachers in providing various experiences for students. At the same time, the differences and contradictions between student-centered and teacher-centered concepts are still unclear to teachers. They have interchangeably referred to these two approaches. Teachers are also unaware of the importance of the role of previous knowledge as an organizing framework for new experiences and information, pay little attention to the role of social factors in learning, consider the place of knowledge in mind, and despite the great emphasis on emotional factors they lacked scientific theories about it. In addition, teachers have a limited understanding of memory and attention despite the growing interest in incorporating cognitive psychology and cognitive neuroscience concepts in teacher education. Conclusion: According to previous findings, the belief system of Iranian teachers is also inconsistent and contains contradictory beliefs. A careful examination of the contradictions and the reasons for their formation will illuminate future interventions to improve the classroom.

Preconceptions and biases as problems and challenges in the process of people's thought face them with a lot of difficulties in analyzing, explaining, and interpreting affairs and issues. The aim of this study is to investigate the role of self-imposed exile to overcome the preconceptions of understanding based on Wittgenstein’ s later thought and to draw its educational implications. This qualitative research utilized a descriptive, analytical, and interpretive method. In the first step, the definition of understanding from Wittgenstein's point of view is discussed, and in the next step, it is made clear how people's understanding and attitude depends on their "world-picture", and how its formation begins from the early stages of life. It is also argued that if the world-picture is a result of persuasion and does not meet the requirements of language games, one's thoughts and insights will be limited by preconceptions. Then, the self-imposed exile as a strategy derived from Wittgenstein's later philosophy is introduced as a solution in order to overcome the preconceptions and the spirit of the times. Finally, the effects and educational implications of self-imposed exile are inferred, and it is discussed how self-imposed exile would work effectively in order to overcome the preconceptions of thought.

The Supreme Leader, as a revolutionary thinker, raised an important issue called the realization of a new Islamic civilization, which is strategically important, and research on this issue has a religious and theological approach in that it is in line with the divine promise in the Qur'an. It matters. The problem is that Western civilization, based on liberal principles and humanistic anthropology, is now being widely propagated and there is concern that in the not-too-distant future it will permeate Islamic societies, including the Islamic Republic, with Islamic teachings and goals. The Islamic Revolution is in conflict. Imam Khamenei has proposed a new Islamic civilization in the face of the invasion of Western civilization. Therefore, in order to increase knowledge and strengthen the intellectual and doctrinal strength, the question must be answered: What are the preconceptions and theological and doctrinal infrastructures for the realization of the new Islamic civilization? The possible answer to this question is that belief in the maximum religion and association with the Ahl al-Bayt (AS) and the like can be considered as the foundations of the realization of a new Islamic civilization. This article has tried,Using library tools and referring to the Supreme Leader's website, and using the method of Sabro Taksim argument, he first tests and hypothesizes all the hypotheses and then selects the acceptable ones, and finally agrees with the conclusion that believing in the maximum religion, Monotheism, central Imamate and Islamic anthropology are considered as preconditions for the realization of a new Islamic civilization.

Philosophical hermeneutics analytically explores the interpretation of texts. The birthplace of this knowledge which is western philosophy is intermingled with the name of philosophers such as Heidegger and Gadamer. Among Muslim thinkers, the investigation of the process of Qur'anic exegesis and the effect analysis of commentator’ s preconceptions and tendencies on his interpretation has a long history. Also in contemporary Islamic theological research, some innovative thinkers adapting common Western philosophical hermeneutics and a maximal approach have started to theorize the susceptibility of theological studies from human knowledge. The impact of some presumptions known as “ the principles of Qur'anic exegesis” is commonly agreed; however, the effect of philosophical, Kalami, mystical, psychological, and political preconceptions as well as the influence of commentator’ s assumptions and interests on Qur'anic exegesis are yet controversial fields which need further research. This article aims to comparatively analyze and explore the philosophical hermeneutic approaches in the Qur'anic exegesis using descriptive analysis, and by classifying the existing approaches to extremist, conservative, and moderate, it attempts to critically analyze the first two approaches. Finally, by approving and confirming the moderate approach, the article introduces wisdom and purification of Nafs (soul) as essential conditions for applying preconceptions and tendencies.

The second verse of Najm Surah (your comrade is not astray, neither errs, ), despite its explicitly that denies any misguidance or error on the part of the Prophet (S. A. W. ), has been an arena for various and even contradictory interpretations in the Islamic thought history, and has become a focus for theological ruptures. This research, using an analytical-comparative approach, explores three fundamental gaps in the interpretation of this verse in the sixth and seventh centuries AH: 1. Semantic discontinuity in the interpretation of the word "errs", 2. Contradiction in the narratives of the revelation cause as a reproduction of power discourses, and 3. Silence on the infallibility issue despite the inherent implications of the verse, which was due to theological limitations and defensive priorities of that era. The findings suggest that these three ruptures are interconnected loops in a hermeneutic system that has been shaped by the religious preconceptions of the interpreters, the dominant discursive authorities, and the limiting historical frameworks. This research, by going beyond the mere description of the differences, presents a systematic model for explaining the logic underlying the interpretability of religious texts in the context of theological disputes.

The term ‘hermeneutics’ is defined as the study of interpretation and exegesis. This type of study is divided into philosophical and methodological hermeneutics and in a second categorization the same study has been divided into author-based and interpreter-based hermeneutics. In this field, the major questions raised are as follows:1. Is it possible to make any relationship between the holy Quran and hermeneutics?2. Is it possible to get at an accurate interpretation of the holy Quran without interference of preconceptions?The present article intends to explain the relationship between the holy Quran and hermeneutics and identifies the best hermeneutic methods of interpreting the holy Quran. The adoption of philosophical hermeneutics is not permitted since it leads to the belief in different readings and the extreme impacts of preconceptions and ultimately to relativism. However, the methodological hermeneutics and the author-based and text-based methods are considered the best way of interpreting the holy Quran, which can lead us to the most accurate understanding. Of course, this way requires us to bind ourselves to certain interpretative rules.

The author of the book "maktab-dar-farayand-takamol" considering his expertise in the knowledge of ancient texts, and influenced by the principles and methods of modern historiography aims to question some important Shiite beliefs and with the selective selection of historical sources and by removing the established preconceptions in topics such as: showing the philosophy of Occultation, the unexpected occurrence of absenteeism and the imam's lack of presence in spite of ready conditions; He has tried to draw a normal face of Imam and he suggests to the reader that many Shiite beliefs about the superhuman qualities of imams have been formed throughout history due to various factors such as: the power of Shiism or the role of ghulāt (exaggerators). This research, which is written in a descriptive-analytical method and by examining the text; intends to state that this book has not benefited from having the principle of correct verbal preconceptions, which is necessary for a historical work and in the report and analysis of history about correct Islamic beliefs, there has been a gross confusion about correct Islamic beliefs and it has created some distance and a deep gap with the theoretical foundations of Shiite Islam.