The position of prime minister, in the organization of Ghaznawid government, was of a high, political, scientific and sometimes military level to manage this vast kingdom; because they needed the keen ideas of their prime ministers who were in the top rank after the king. The ghaznawid kings were trying to select the one who was not only famous for keenness, wisdom, and politeness, but also for capabilities in the military strategy.In this paper, we've talked about Ahmad Abdol-Samad, the counselor of Altountash kharazmshah that was the minister of Masud Ghaznawi after Ahmad Hassan Meimandi. His expertise at the status of Altounshah's consultant and his wisdom and efficiencies in bureaucratic and military affairs, especially at the sensitive time of Saljugh Turkmans's invasion in one hand and increasing despotism and incapability of Masud Ghaznawi on the other hand which led the powerful Ghaznawid government's failue, are analized by the Bayhaghi History.Manuchehri Damghani's Diwan tries to reveal the reflection of the character of this minister who was the patron of literary men and poets.

The present article first surveys the general concepts of comparative literature and its principles and then works on the themes of Behrangi-Iranian children’s writer- and Silverstein’s writings-American children’s writer.Differences and similarities of these two writers, their different times and places of living, and the characters they use in their writings have been surveyed in this article.

Sheikh Hussein bin Abdul Samad Harisi Ameli (984-918) was one of the famous jurists of the first Safavid period and contemporary with Shah Tahmaseb (984-930 AH). The main purpose of this study is to study political thought, its influence and performance in political affairs. The main question of this research is what effect did Sheikh Hussein's political thought have on Safavid society and the political performance of Shah Tahmasb? Research Method In this research, historical-analytical and data collection has been done by library method. The main tool for researching the data of historical sources of the Safavid era, especially the surviving works of Sheikh Hussein, many of these works have not yet been translated and corrected. The findings of this study show that the most important influence of Sheikh Hussein's political thought and action can be considered as generalizing the holding of Friday prayers as a religious-political duty. Sheikh Hussein's approach to Friday prayers, the issue of receiving prizes and gifts from kings and prostrating to the Shah, has been in the direction of legitimizing the rule of Shah Tahmasb and has made great efforts in this regard.

One of the most important issues in education is selection of appropriate content which can help meet the educational goals. Each story has a specific form and content which can contribute to the fulfillment of educational goals. Critical awareness is one of the most fundamental aims of formal education and Samad Behrangi is of one of the leading authors of children’s stories who focuses on this theme. Hence, in the present study a qualitative content analysis of Behrangi’s stories was carried out based on such themes as the condition of classes, social oppression, promotion of critical awareness, collective actions, and critique of unjustified beliefs. In addition, the possibility of extracting educational-critical themes from Behrangi’s stories was probed based on Israel Scheffler’s criteria, i.e., intentionality, rationality, and manner. There are opponents and proponents of the use of Behrangi’s stories for educational purposes. According to the findings of the present study a moderate view is recommended in which certain aspects of the stories such as inculcating themes, overt and covert layers of aggression, exaggerating class divides, and inadequacy of reasoning-centered dialogues should be moderated and modified.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this article is to review the collection of poems by Abdul Samad Amir Shaghaqi, one of the contemporary researchers and poets, which was published under the title (Speaking Poems). Considering that the published poems of this poet have literary values in linguistic, intellectual, lexical and rhetorical levels. is significant and so far no research has been done in this field, conducting this research is considered an effective effort in the field of introducing the poetry and thought of this poet. METHODOLOGY: This research is done with a descriptive and analytical method and based on library studies. First, the examples related to the discussed levels will be extracted and then by referring to related sources, the necessary description and analysis will be done. FINDINGS: Amir Shaghaghi"s poetry has significant compliance with the principles and characteristics of Khorasani style poetry. He is a poet committed and bound to preserve and promote ritual and religious rites. There are also interesting interpretations in the field of lyrical poetry as well as attention to social and cultural issues in His poetry is visible. CONCLUSION: Amir Shaghaghi"s poetry can be examined at the linguistic, intellectual, lexical and rhetorical levels. He has also dealt extensively with the status of some religious personalities, social, cultural and other miscellaneous issues. At the lexical level, his mastery of the Arabic language and terms related to some sciences is evident. He has used simile, saj", tansiq al-sefat, Ersal al-masal and Phono tactics.

“ Samad Behrangi” is a critic of the children's literature as well as the education system before him and tries to use the capabilities of children's literature to achieve his ideological goals. This study seeks to show how children's fiction, influenced by existing discourses and the social structure that produces these discourses, offers a different conception of education and how discourses reflect the concepts of education. This research attempts to show how children's fictional literature influenced by the existing discourses and the social structure producing these discourses, affords a different conception of education and how discourses play a role in reflecting the concepts of education. In this study, an attempt was made to review, analyze and explain the story of Behrangi’ s “ Mahi Siah Kouchoulou” Tale from Norman Fairclough’ s approach. Our goal is to show what discourse or discourses the text is referring to by accurately analyzing the story and what relationship does this text establish between education and the social and political dimensions? Situational context reinforces the assumption of the author's ideological point of view. The result of this research, based on the analysis of critical discourse, is that Behrangi in this story has described and criticized four common contemporary discourses, namely authoritarianism, nationalism, religion and the Marxist left. The fourth discourse is Behrangi’ s dominant and dependence discourse. In this work, Behrangi tries to make his discourse superior to other discourses by choosing specific words, characters, places, and metaphorical aspects. The themes of education in this story are often influenced by the left discourse and other common confrontational discourses and are formed in opposition to the discourse of the system of domination (the discourse of tyranny).

In lyrical literature, sometimes emotions are hidden in the depths of texts to such an extent that they affect the text to such an extent that they transcend time and space. Among them, Samad Behrangi's emotions in the story 24 Hours in Sleep and Wakefulness are evoked in such a way that they keep the reader in the flow of the text moment by moment. To the extent that the reader, along with those innocent children, despairs of life and is taken into the depths of the story. The story is in a newer content than other works. It refers to the reality of daily life in a pulsating society and shows the close relationship between Behrangi's creative art and the nature around it. It is completely opposite to the Russian formalists' static and retrograde style. The breadth of concepts that originated from the works of the past is less visible in the way the story is told. What is most noteworthy in this research is the adaptation of Samad Behrangi's thoughts and mentalities to the fluid realities and truths of life, which deals with the general struggle of oppressed humanity against the injustice of the oppressors. Most of the concepts of the story refer to the general beliefs and theories of society rather than the application of one's own mentalities and perceptions and the static nature of one's own mental understanding. Because if this is the case, the work, no matter how beautiful and valuable it is, will not remain stable and will be invalidated. In the research, the story of 24 Hours of Sleep and Waking by Behrangi has been done in a comparative manner with the Russian formalists and the author Jakobsen's view of death, which has been analyzed and studied in a descriptive and library analytical manner so that it can be used by analysts.

Fantasy is the most imaginative genre of story. In the imaginative stories, the writers create a secondary world with new rules by passing beyond real world and breaching the cumbersome rules and frameworks. These worlds include amazing events and fantastic creatures. Samad Behrangi is one of the writers of child and adolescent literature that he connects the adulthood world to childhood world by using fantasy. By emphasis on this style, he expresses the social, cultural and ideological issues for novice readers in tangible way. In this regard, cognitive metaphors play an important role in better perception of some complicated and abstract concepts by children. This article has tried to examine fantasy and cognitive metaphors used in fantastic stories of Samad Behranghi in order to depict how this author, thoughtful and interested in the children and adolescent training, has analyzed the bio-social experiences for less experienced child and adolescent readers using cognitive metaphors. This descriptive and deductive content analytical research showed that the conceptual metaphors in Behranghi's stories imply collectivism and appropriation with socialism beliefs and conditions. Concerning the contextual metaphors, three volumetric, motor and power schemas were mentioned and power schema is related to thinking and eliminating obstacles by Behranghi in the considered goals in the story. The structural metaphors are in the first rank in his stories. The frequency of directional metaphors is the same in the fantasy and real stories

In this study, the psychological analysis of the character The Little Black Fish is conducted based on Jung’s theory of individuation. The Little Black Fish, as the most well-known literary work for adolescents, reflects the experiences and behaviors of a generation—a generation that sacrificed its life for its ideals. The structure of the story, like ancient myths, is founded upon the motif of a journey. The Little Black Fish does not accept the status quo and begins a journey from the stream toward the sea. This work can also be regarded as the author’s conclusion. He considers the way to overcome the adverse conditions described in his other tales to be through gaining awareness of the root causes of such circumstances and taking action to change them. The sense of individuation in The Little Black Fish is not imposed but voluntary. In fact, what drives The Little Black Fish into solitude and entry into the cycle of consciousness is not rejection by society but the inability to tolerate the pond and its inhabitants. The research method applied is content analysis. Sources were collected through reference to books, reputable scientific journals, periodicals, and internet searches. In the examination of education, and by synthesizing the research findings, it can be concluded that the reflection of educational themes in this story is mostly influenced by leftist discourse as well as prevalent national and religious discourses, and stands in opposition to the discourse of domination (the discourse of despotism).

Qazvin is one of the important provinces in terms of geography as well as lucrative revenues was always considered by the government during the Qajar period. But these privileges, which should have been spent on the city and welfare of people, was all about filling of the no capacity pockets of princes. among the princes, Abdulsamad Mirza Izaldawla, the brother of king Nasser Addin, was appointed governor of Qazvin in three periods. The first period coincided with his adolescence, the second period ended with the lack of bread and the revolt of the people against him and the third period which is the main consideration of this paper, although it does not last more than a year, we traced in the remaining documents of his period and among those documents, it can be seen that rule of Izaldawla was not so justified appearance in Qazvin. The present study, while examining and explaining of how is the performance of Izaldawla in Qazvin and Alamut region in three mentioned period based on historical documents and texts, looking at recent investigations and researches analyses for the reason of his performance. Therefore the main question of the article will be what interests expedience lies behind the performance of Izadawla, relying on that time documents and also the dissatisfaction in those documents is that both monetary benefits and political interests which played major roles for the reason of his performances. The method of this article is a descriptive and analytical that has been organized with the benefit of unpublished documents of that period well as library resources.