SCIENTIFIC-RESEARCH IRANIAN VETERINARY JOURNAL
Year:2017 | Volume:13 | Issue:3 |Papers Count:15

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of monensin supplementation in the diets of lactating dairy cows containing extruded whole soybeans seed, as the main source of protein on feed intake, milk production and composition and milk fatty acids profile. Three multiparous Holstein lactating dairy cows (third parity; 627±31 kg of weight; 81±20 days in milk; were assigned to a balanced 3×3 Latin square design. Each experimental period was 21 days with 14 days for adaptation and 7 days of data collection. The control diet was a total mixed ration (TMR) consisting of 50% forage and 50% concentrate mixture on dry matter (DM) basis. Cows were randomly assigned to one of the three dietary treatments as their main source of fatty acids (FA) with or without monensin. The first treatment was the control diet (1) of extruded whole soybeans seed without monensin. Second was control diet supplemented with 24 mg of monensin/kg of DM (2) and the third was control diet supplemented with 30 mg of monensin/kg of DM (3). Dietary supplementation with extruded whole soybeans seed with monensin had no effect on milk DMI, FCM and protein. Milk production were affected by the dietary treatments (P<0.05), while feeding the monensin decreased milk fat concentration of 18: 0 and saturated fatty acids (P<0.05). The milk fat concentration of 18: 2n-6 and USFAs were increased (P<0.05). Dietary treatments had no effect on milk fat concentrations of short chain, medium chain and long chain FA (P>0.05).Although inclusion of 24 mg/Kg DM monensin in diet with extruded whole soybeans seed in the diet elevated the milk fat concentration of c9, t11- CLA but this effect was not significant (P>0.05).

Water physicochemical factors have an important role in the health of fish. In this study, the effect of filtration and density of Macro fish on water nitrogenous compounds was studied. For this purpose, the concentrations of water biochemical parameters (ammonia, nitrite, nitrate and pH) were measured at three densities and three filtration methods (carbon filteration, zeolite filtration, and control, simple filtration). Water samples collected in a period of one month and three days intervals and were immediately investigated. Data were compared using two-way ANOVA. The results showed that the average concentration of nitrate in the three types of filter in three densities had no significant difference. The average concentration of nitrate in comparison with filtration, between filtration of the zeolite group and control group was significantly different. Also, between filtration of the carbon group and control group was significantly different. In this regard, there was no significant difference between filtration of the carbon group and filtration of the zeolite group. The results showed that the average of pH level in the three types of filter in three densities had no significant difference. In comparison between the averages of pH level with filtration, between filtration of the zeolite group and control group and filtration of the carbon group and control group had a significant difference. But there was no significant difference between filtration of the zeolite group and filtration of the carbon group. The counter effect of filtration and density, a significant relationship was not found and no difference in the average of other factors was observed in other groups.

Immunoglobulins are serum proteins that produced by the plasma and humoral immune responses are important components commonly by serological methods for the measurement.In this study, at first the synthesis of silver nanoparticles was performed using biological method with sargassum seaweed, then the impact of this nanoparticle on the total immunoglobulin of common carp using two different methods of turbidity and precipitation test The impact of nanoparticles on the total immunoglobulin using two methods: turbidity and sediment exposed to three concentration (0.11, 1.13, 5.67 mg/L AgNP) of this silver nanoparticles were studied for 14 days.. using were compared. Results obtained from UV-Vis spectroscopy and TEM confirmed biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using this algae. The synthesized silver nanoparticles were predominately spherical shape and 32.54 nm size and maximum absorption peaks were detected in the range of 406 nm. The results of the measurement of serum immunoglobulin using turbidity and precipitation tests indicating no significant differences in the treatments with control (p>0.05). As well as between the amount of serum immunoglobulin in each treatment sample at different days showed no statistically significant difference (p>0.05). In conclusion, our results indicate that silver nanoparticles synthesized usingSargassum angustifolium, had no effect on total serum immunoglobulin levels measured by both methods inhibition or stimulation.

Neospora caninumcauses major bovine abortions and neonatal mortality in cattle, sheep, goat and horse. Vero cells are the most frequently used cell line for culture ofNeospora caninumbut problems are with propagation and required level of nutritional components for the media persist.In this study the tachyzoite yields of N. caninum were compared in two cell lines: Vero (African green monkey kidney) and suspension cultureTheileria lestoquardi -infected lymphoblastoid (TLI)cell lines. Then, N. caninum were continuously passaged in these cell lines for 3 months and the effect of host cells on virulence of tachyzoites was assessed by broiler chicken embryonated eggs. Inoculation was performed in the chorioallantoic (CA) liquid of the embryonated eggs with different dilutions (0.5´104, 1.0´104, 1.5´104 /ml) of tachtzoites isolated from these cell cultures. The mortality pattern and pathological changes of the dead embryos and hatched chickens were noted. Tissue samples of brain, liver and heart were examined by histopathological and detection of DNA of parasite by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Also, consecutive sections of the tissues examined histologically were used for immunohistochemical (IHC) examination. Results of the present study did not show any significant differences in number of tachyzoites harvested from both cell line and also in mortality rate of inoculated embryonated eggs.Attenuation of virulence after 3 months continuous passages of suspension culture of TLI cell line was not different with Vero cell line whichthe results were confirmed by histopathology, IHC and PCR.Continuous passage ofNeospora caninum in both cell lines suggesting that TLI cells could be used for vaccine production.

The aim of this study is an inspection of histopathologic patterns in skin lesions of referred dogs to Veterinary Hospital of Shahid Chamran University. This study carried out in 40 cases.After complete macroscopic examination and sedation, sampling was carried out and Haematoxylin and Eosin stained slides were prepared. In macroscopic examination all cases had alopecia and hypotrichosis and 30 (75%) cases had focal alopecia and 10 (25%) had diffuse alopecia. Seventeen cases (42.5%) had seborrhea and 19 (47.5%) had scale and wound. Microscopic examination revealed perivascular dermatitis pattern in 16 (40%) and 12 cases had chronic perivascular dermatitis. Nodular and diffuse dermatitis was seen in 1 and 5 respectively (15%). In two cases of diffuse dermatitis, mite sections were observed. Atrophic dermatitis was detected in 15 cases (37.5%). Perifolliculitis were seen in 18 (45%) and folliculitis was seen in 7 cases (17.5%) and 5 were luminal and 2 were luminal and mural.Furunculosis was seen in one dog (2.5%). Fibrosing dermatitis was detected in 2 (5%) samples. Vasculitis was seen in one dog (2.5%). In this study perivascular dermatitis had the most frequency and it may be due to different agents. Atrophic dermatoses are in second rank and malnutrition is first candidate cause. This study is the first attempt in the field of dermatopathology and the results of present research revealeda different type of microscopic patterns.

Dermatophytes are a group of fungi with keratinophilic properties. They are able to invade epidermis, especially stratum corneum, by the production of proteolytic enzymes such as keratinase.Trichophyton mentagrophytes (T. mentagrophytes) is a common cosmopolitan dermatophyte species. This species has different varieties based on genetic characteristics. In this study genetic diversity of 20 clinical isolates ofT. mentagrophytes and their susceptibility to ethanolic extract ofAllium jesdianum (A. jesdianum) were evaluated. Genetic diversity of the isolates was assessed by Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) method using 4 primers including OPN16, A08, OPD18 and R28. Then, susceptibility ofT. mentagrophytes isolates toA. jesdianum extract was determined by standard microdilution broth method. The MIC values of the isolates were between 6.1 and 49.3 mg/ml (mean MIC: 20.3 mg/ml), whereas the MFC values of the isolates were between 24.6 and 49.3 mg/ml (mean MFC: 40.6 mg/ml). Twenty eight propagated DNA fragments were achieved in RAPD-PCR reaction. The most propagated DNA fragments (9 bands) were related to the OPD18 primer. The R28 primer showed the least propagated DNA fragments (5 bands). Drawn dendrogram identified 3 main groups among 20T. mentagrophytes isolates according to all primers in 65% genetic distance. Most ofT. mentagrophytes isolates (75%) were placed in group 2 and 100% genetical similarity was only seen between 2 isolates. It was concluded that allT.mentagrophytesgenotypes were susceptible to A. jesdianum. The correlation between antifungal susceptibility andT. mentagrophytes genotype may be of potential therapeutic significance and larger studies are needed to prove this finding.

Studies indicate that administration of medicinal plant may have beneficial effects on gastrointestinal microflora and improvement of feed conversion ratio in broilers. In order to study the effect of AntibiofinÒ on lactic acid bacteria (LAB) population and the Lactobacillusnumbers in intestine and crop of broiler chickens, a total of 200 day-old broiler chicks, Ross strain, were purchased and 20 chicks randomly were bled for determination of maternal antibody and remaining chicks divided into 3 equal groups. Each group divided into 3 subgroups of 20 chicks. Chickens of groups 1 and 2 received 0.1% and 0.2% of AntibiofinÒ respectively, in drinking water throughout the period of the experiment. Chickens of group 3 as control group did not receive AntibiofinÒ. For determination of Lactobacillus and lactic acid bacteria counts, at the end of the period, three birds of each subgroup (9 birds of each treatment) were chosen randomly.1 gram of the crop and ileo-cecum content were taken and cultured on MRS, TSA and Acetate Agar for determination of lactic acid bacteria counts, total counts andLactobacillus distinction, respectively.The results of this study showed that the total count of the intestine in which group that received 0.2% of AntibiofinÒ was significantly more than the control group, but the total count of crop did not have any significant difference among all groups. Receiving Antibiofin® could increase lactic acid bacteria and lactobacil counts of intestine compared to control group. Adding 0.1% and 0.2% of Antibiofin® to drinking water could increase lactic acid bacteria of intestine compared to crop. So it could be concluded that Antibiofin® had beneficial effect on microflora population in intestine more than crop.

Clostridium perfringensis an important pathogen which causes numerous different diseases in animals. This bacterium is classified into five different types; A, B, C, D and E.Clostridium perfringenstype D cause enterotoxemia in animals. The aim of this study was to identify different types ofClostridium perfringens in sheep in Ahvaz. For this purpose, 369 fecal samples were randomly collected from the sheep from a different area. After processing and culturing samples in blood agar containing neomycin, Clostridium perfringens suspected isolates were identified morphologically and biochemically. According to biochemical tests, from 369 feces samples, 56 isolates obtained and identified as Clostridium perfringens. For molecular confirmation of the isolate, the DNA of the isolates was extracted and the isolates were verified asClostridium perfringens by PCR using specific primers for alfa toxin. Theresults showed that 54 isolated from 56 isolated confirmed asClostridium perfringens.Typing of these isolates was done by PCR using specific primers for 5 different exotoxins of this bacterium. The results showed that 10 isolates (18.51%) were type A and 4 (7.4%), 24 (44.44%) and 16 isolates (29.62%) were type B, type C and type D respectively. Thus the most prevalent types ofClostridium perfringens were type C and D. In the present study, all isolates were negative for iota toxin and enterotoxin gene.

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories and opioids are of drugs that have been widely used to manage the pain after orthopedic surgery in human and animals. The purpose of this study was to compare the inhibitory effects of metamizol and tramadol on bone defect healing in rabbit tibia. In this study, thirty male New Zealand white rabbits were divided into two groups. A five mm in diameter circular defect was created on the medial surface of the tibial metaphyseal region of the right foot of each rabbit. Respectively, in metamizole and tramadol groups, metamizole, 5 mg / kg and tramadol 4 mg/ kg were subcutaneously administrated in a 5-day course of treatment every 12 hours and then every 24 hours for three-days. Defect healing was assessed by obtaining radiographs on 0, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42 days after surgery.Also, histopathologic evaluation was done at 7, 21 and 45 days using Goldner’s trichrome staining. It also represents a faster start filling defect in the histopathological study, following administration of tramadol compared with metamizole. Also, at the end of the study, tramadol achived more filling defect points compared with metamizole. The results of this study showed that the beginning of the process of callus formation in metamizol was later than tramadol, so there was a significant difference between groups, in the formation of callus so that in the radiographs taken on 14, 28 and 35 days. The results of this study showed that in comparison with tramadol, metamizol has more effects in slowing bone repair.

This experiment with aim to determine the effect of the tannins in dry land and irrigated sainfoin forage treated by water or urea on gas production (GP) parameters, in vitro fermentation characteristics and microbial population was carried out. Treatments were consist of untreated irrigated sainfoin (UNIS), untreated dry land sainfoin (UNDS), irrigated sainfoin by water (ISTW), dryland sainfoin treated by water (DSTW), irrigated sainfoin treated by urea (ISTU) and dry land sainfoin treated by urea (DSTU). Data of GP method were analyzed by repeated measurement and data other analyzed with CRD design. The results showed that treated by water or urea was due to reduce dry matter (DM). The most crude protein (CP) was relation to treated by urea (14.25%). The effect of treated by water or urea had the most decreasing of total phenolic compounds, total and condensed tannin in irrigated sainfoin (P<0.05).The results showed ISTW and ISTU treatments were highly on potential of GP and gas production rate (GPR).Increasing of GP in ISTW and ISTU treatments indicated detanning effect of treated by water or urea. The most truly degraded substrate (TDS) was related to ISTW treatment and the least UNDS (296 and 105mg, respectively). Partitioning factor in ISTW treatment (6.01) was significantly difference other treatments (P<0.05). Sainfoin tannin was due to decrease GP in total process of ruminal fermentation.The least N-NH3 concentrations was related to UNDS and the most were ISTU and DSTU treatments (P<0.05). The effect of treatments on the total number of rumen bacteria, cellulolytic bacteria and protozoa were significant (P<0.05). Overall, treated sainfoin by urea or water was due to no change of total number of rumen bacteria, cellulolytic bacteria and protozoa and increasing of the microbial biomass efficiency and synthesis.Generally, treated by water was more successful and cheaper method than the use of urea.

In this study, the effect of onion powder, savory and inulin (prebiotic) in different treatments containing control group, 1% inulin treatment, 1% savory treatment, 1% onion treatment and 1% a mixture of savory and onion treatment (each one in the amount of 0.5%) on some activity of antioxidant enzymes and blood parameters of juvenile carp were examined in triplicate for 45 days. In each 300 liter water tank, 10 fish with initial average weight of 19.96 ± 0.08 g were storage. The fish were fed to satiation triple daily. At the end of the period, the activity of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase), malondialdehyde(MDA) value as an indicator of lipid peroxidation in blood plasma of fish and blood factors (hematocrit, hemoglobin) were evaluated. The results showed that the activity of antioxidant enzymes was higher in all treatments compared to the control group, which was significant in the treatments of herbal supplements (P<0.05).Also, the hemoglobin and hematocrit values were increased more significantly in 1% savory and 1% inulin treatments compared with the control group (P<0.05).Furthermore, the value of MDA reduced more significantly in 1% savory and 1% inulin treatments compared with the control group (P<0.05). So, based on the results, in order to reduce lipid oxidation and improve the physiological status of fish, it is recommended to use 1% savory powder or 1% inulin in the diet of juvenile carp fish.

Pica refers to an abnormal appetite due to various nutrition causes that imposes heavy losses to the cattleculture industry every year. One outbreak of pica in the several marginal dairy farms of Varamin city made us to investigate and research about causes, treatment, control and prevention of this disorder. This Clinical trialwas performed on 35 stricken and 30 healthy Holstein calves (30-50 days old). The calves were devided to groups include first control (30 calves without pica), first treatment (35 calves with pica), second control (the calves of first control group after treatment) and second treatment (the calves of first treatment group after treatment). Before and after the receiving treatment (2 dose of 500 mg iron drop with one week interval). Blood samples were taken from every 65 calves and to determine the CBC and the levels of the blood mineral elements was sent to the laboratory.Data were analyzed by SPSS statistical software, F test with the significant level of P<0.05.The results showed that the calves stricken with pica suffering from microcitic-normochromic anemia due to lack of iron and after receiving iron for two weeks get fully recovered. This study reveals the relation of the incidence of pica in suckling calves and iron deficiency in milk.