SCIENTIFIC-RESEARCH IRANIAN VETERINARY JOURNAL
Year:2012 | Volume:8 | Issue:2 (34)|Papers Count:12

In order to determine amount of total serum protein and its fractions in Shirboat fish (Barbus grypus), blood samples were collected from the caudal vien of 68 clinically healthy mature male (38) and female (30) reared in earthen ponds at Azadegan culturing center in Khuzestan province, Ahvaz- Iran. Total serum protein concentration (g/dl) was measured by using the the standard Biuret method and proteins fractions were separated by using the cellulose acetate electrophoresis. In this study, the overall mean (±SEM) of total serum protein concentration was 6.3±0.9 g/dl. In male and female, the electrophoretic pattern of serum proteins showed six fractions included: albumin,  a1 globulin, a2 globulin,  b globulin,  g1 globulin and g2 globulin. The results showed also that the mean value of two fractions(g1 globulin and g2 globulin) in male sex were significantly was higher than the female and one fraction (a1 globulin) in female significantly was higher than the male (P<0.05).

The aim of the present study was the evaluation of various levels of dietary prebiotic mannan oligosaccharide (MOS; active MOS®) on hematological and some blood serum biochemical parameters of cultured juvenile great sturgeon (Huso huso). Fish were offered formulated diets that either contained two levels of prebiotic MOS, 2 and 4 g/kg or the basal diet without the MOS for 46 days. Blood samples were collected from caudal vein of 18  apparently healthy fish (average weight 217.77 ±29.8 g) at the end of trial. Data was analysed by regression analysis and pearson correlation test. Result showed that the MOS supplement  to the basal diet cuased significant difference in lymphocytes in control group and eosinophil in 2 g/kg MOS treatment when compared to other treatments groups (P<0.05). Another significant different was also observed in creatinine factor of treatment 2 g/kg MOS when compared to other treatments groups (P<0.05). The results indicated that the prebiotic mannan oligosaccharide didn't influence the blood parameters in beluga juvenile and it is not appropriate for supplementation in the diet of cultured juvenile beluga.

This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of rearing density on total and differential leukocyte count and serum cortisol level in Siberian sturgeons (Acipenser baerii). Three years old Siberian sturgeons (460±90g) were reared at five densities (6, 9, 12, 15 and 18 fish per one third of 500-liter tank) for an 8 weeks period. To examine the total and differential leukocytes level changes, blood sample of one third tanks population were analyzed at the first and end of study with taking 3 blood smears of each sample. In high stocking densities (15 and 18 fishes) a significant decrease in total leukocyte count took place caused by a considerable drop in lymphocyte count but percentage of neutrophils increased significantly (P<0.05). No significant difference was found in monocyte and eosinophil percentage among the experimental treatments. There were no statistically significant differences in serum cortisol concentrations in different treatments (P>0.05). In overall, the results showed that: 1) chronic stress caused due to crowding condition reduced the immune potential of Siberian sturgeons. 2) Changes in blood cellular composition were better stress indicator than plasma cortisol levels in Siberian sturgeon.

Gamma hexachlorocyclohexane (Lindane) is one of the persistent chlorinated pesticides which is used as insecticide on agriculture and it is also used in form of shampoo or lotions to control lice and ticks in human and animals. Some studied revealed that oxidative stress and anemia are the remarkable effects against some of environmental pollutant. Therefore, in this study we decided to evaluate the effects of this material with measuring of RBC’ s antioxidant enzymes such as catalase and glutation peroxidase. PCV values and their relating with enzyme activities were also noted.In this survey, 180 Ross broiler chicken were randomly divided into 4 groups and were fed diet containing 0 (control ), 25, 50 and 75 ppm lindane for 45 days. At the end of 15, 30 and 45 days, chicken weighed and after euthanizing, blood were collected with heparin and examined for RBC's catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities and PCV level.The results revealed that weight of chickens decreased significantly in 50 and 75 ppm group comparing with 25 ppm and control groups. The highest and lowest of weigh were seen in the 25 and 75 ppm respectively on day 45. In 25 ppm group RBC catalase activity increased comparing to control and other groups on day of 15 (p<0.05). However, the lowest and highest catalase activity were seen in the groups of 75 and 25 ppm respectively. The activity of RBC glutation peroxidase in the all groups comparing to control increased significantly on day 15 (p<0.05) and then decreased on day 45. The measurement of PCV showed no significant differences between experimental groups and control group.It is concluded that lindane administration causes RBC enzyme activity alterations which necessarily don't associate with changes of packed cell volume which is the sign of anemia in the poultry.

Newborn calves, due to not receivmg immunoglobulin from the mother in uterus, are agammaglobulinemic and gain immunity immediately after birth through colostrum intake. Whereas 24 hours after birth, abomasum produces more acid, the probability of colostrum globulin destruction increases. Blocking acid secretion through proton pump inhibitors might prevent colostrum immunoglobulin destruction. To study this issue 15 newly-born male Holstein calves were studied in five three-member groups, 3 being control groups and 2 were experimental groups. The calves under study were fed colostrum and milk at zero, 12,24, 36, 48, 60, 72 and 84 hours after birth using esophageal tube as follows: Control groups: A-calves were fed with milk for 24 hours after birth then with colostrum for 72 hours after birth; B- calves were fed with milk for 48 hours after birth and then with colostrum up to 72 hours after birth; C- calves were fed with colostrum up to 72 hours after birth. Experimental groups: A- omeprazole was given orally each 24 hours (8 mg/kg) and the calves were fed with milk for 24 hours after birth and then colostrum up to 72 hours after birth. B- omeprazole was given orally each 24 hours (8 mg/kg) and the calves were fed with milk for 48 hours after birth and then with colostrum up to 72 hours after birth. Immunoglobulins G, M and A in serums were measured using ELISA. There was a significant difference between the serum IgG in subgroup C on the control group with other subgroups but no effect of omeprazole on IgG absorption was noticed. With regarded to the IgM, it was abserved that there was a significant difference between subgroup C of the control group with other groups, except subgroup A of the control group and subgroup A of the omeprazole group. omeprazole drug had no effect on IgM absorption. There was a significant difference between the serum IgA of subgroup C of the control group with other subgroups. Omeprazole not only did not increase IgA absorption but also a reduction in absorption of IgA in the subgroup A of the treatment was noticed. The results showed that omeprazole did not markedly influence the efficiency of Igs absorption.

Beluga is one of the members of Sturgeon family (Acipenseridae) and the biggest fish in the Caspian sea. Since gill is one of the most sensitive organs against to environmental changes for active and free life in fish, the present investigation aimed to study histological and histochemical changes of the gills in early larval stages. For this purpose 40 larva pieces from the second day of hatching until 20 days after hatching (2-20dah) randomly were selected and fixed in formalin 10%. After measuring the growth index (length and weight) and tissue passage, paraffin blocks were sectioned and stained by the hematoxylin-eosin, Toluidine Blue and PAS staining. In the second day, branchial arches with no filaments and any PAS positive cell were seen. Filaments and lamellae were observed from day 8 and 14 respectively. Few red blood cells from the second day were seen and increased later. According to PAS staining, mucous cells emerged from the eighth day and were manifolded up to 20th day. There were few mucous cells between filaments and the majority of them developed on the arches. In toluidine blue staining, metachromatic reaction of arches cartilage was clear after eighth day. So, it seems that during early larval stages of the beluga, gill development has progressive changes for adaptation to free swimming.

In this study the effect of oral administration of two immunostimulant, Ergosan and Levamizole, and 3 herbal extract, Echinacea purpurea, Zatariamultiflora and Boswellia on some growth and hematological parameters as well as resistance against Aeromonas hydrophila (Ah) infectionin were investigated. A total of 270 fish (weighing 6.7 ±0.54g) were randomly divided into 6 equal groups in triplicate including: l-Ergosan, 2- Levamizole, 3- Echinacea, 4-Zataria, 5-Boswellia and 6- Control. Each immunostimulant mixed with standard diet in 500 mg/kg and all groups fed with its specified diet for 6 weeks. Initial and final weigh, feeding rate and mortality during the study were recorded. At the end of treatment, remained fish in each treatment were challenged with (2xLD50) of A.hydrophilaby introperitonealingection. The mortality was recorded during one week after challenge. Results showed that mortality rate during the treatment were not affected by subjected materials(P>0.05). Ergosan, Echinacea extract and Levamizole had the most positive effects on growth factors (weighing increasment rate, specific growth rate and food conversion rate) in Ao respectively. But Zataria and Boswellia extracts didn’t induce any change in growth factors (P>0.05). Post challenge mortality rate in Levamizole, Ergosan and Echinacea groups were decreased compare to control (P<0.05). The WBC value, Packed Cell Volume (PCV) and Haemoglobin level were increased in Echinacea and Ergosan groups compare to the control (P<0.05).No significant differences were seen in RBC, MCV and MCR value among all groups (P>0.05). According to this finding it can be concluded that Ergosan, Echinacea extract and levamizole can promote growth rate and increase the resistance against bacterial disease in Astronotusocellatus, but Zataria and Boswellia extract didn’t affect these indices in Ao. Then Echinacea extract can be used as a growth and immune stimulator in Astronotusocellatus.

Tongue has an important role in take of the food, thus its morphology were affected by the food habits and life environment. The aim of presence study was survey of morphometric properties on the tongue in chickens. For this study, 10 adult native chickens of both sexes were selected and tongue removed from the oropharyngeal cavity. The morphometric properties of the tongue were recorded and samples of 5 mm thickness were obtained from apex, body and root regions. The results showed that there were not any significant differences between mean of the tongue. Biometric measurements and thickness of dorsal and ventral epithelium and the thickness of corneal layer of the tongue ventral surface in both sexes. The thickness of epithelium in dorsal surface of the lingual body was greater than apex and root and also this thickness in the lingual apex was greater than dorsal surface of body and root regions in both sexes. The area of the muscular layer and connective tissue were greater in males than females, but the area of salivary glands were greater in females than males. The results also showed that the means of hyoid apparatus area was larger in males than females.

The studies show that the sesame oil influences learning and memory. In present study, effect of diet consumption which contains 10% sesame oil during lactation was evaluated on passive avoidance learning after 48 hour of offspring Wistar rats by shuttle box. The female rats were divided in the 2 groups (9 in each group): control group with normal diet during lactation and lactation group which received sesame oil (10%). The male and female offsprings were examined at 30 days of their ages. The results showed that sesame oil during lactation significantly increased short -term passive avoidance learning of offsprings (p<0.05) but this was not different between male and female offsprings.

The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence, clinical findings and risk factors of canine distemper virus (CDV) in the affected dogs to distemper disease, referred to Veterinary Hospital of Ahvaz. Samples from 675 suspected dogs were collected between 2005 and 2010 and were examined by immunochromatography assay. Prevalence of disease was 2.82%. Respiratory (32.6%) and gastrointestinal (29.5%) forms were the most prevalent. Cell blood counts of 70.5% out of the diseased dogs were as leukopenia or leukocytosis and in most affected dogs (61.1 %) body temperature was normal. In the cold season 57.1% of cases were occurred and significant correlation between the disease and season was not seen (P>0.05). 1.9% of fluctuation of disease was justified by season (P>0.05). The odds of disease declined with increase of age. Frequency of disease was higher in male dogs than female dogs but not significontly (P>0.05). Greater odds of disease in male dogs than female dogs were seen (OR: 1.4, P>0.05). four porcent of fluctuation of disease was justified by vaccination and risk of disease was greater in unvaccinated dogs than vaccinated dogs (OR: 3.45, P<0.01). More Cases (61.1 %) of cases were seen in purebred dogs and 3.2% of fluctuation of disease was justified by breed. Greater odds of disease in mixed-breed dogs than purebred dogs were seen (OR: 1.3, P>0.05). The correlation between disease and location of living was not significant (P>0.05). In 80 percent of cases, improvement was seen after treatment. Multivariate logistic regression showed that age, sex and vaccination have a significant effect on disease, but the race, season and location of living have not significant effect on disease. Considering that age and sex of dogs are background variables, therefore vaccination should be done more aggressively for control and prevention of canine distemper.

DNA extraction from cells is the first and the foremost step involved in molecular biology. The high quality and purity of extracted DNA, and simplicity as well as low cost of the extraction method are important considerations for a molecular biologist. Genomic mammalian DNA is very long and extraction must avoid high levels of centrifuge and severe shakes.This modified method that carried out from leukocytes is simple, low cost and does is not requires neither hazardous chemicals nor special devices and does not involve numerous enzymes or multiple steps, which increases the possibility of contamination and DNA degeneration. The mean rate of DNA has been 358.58±52 ng/ ml. the rate of OD 76.25% of samples (61 of 80) was 1.8-2, 12.5% (10 of 80) was less than 1.8 and 11.25% (9 of 80) wasmore then 2. The results of PCR, PCR-RFLP, ARMS-PCR and SSCP showed that produced DNA of this method is suitable for PCR tests.