Razi Journal of Medical Sciences
Year:2016 | Volume:23 | Issue:144|Papers Count:14

Background: Salmonella is the most widespread microorganism in the food chain. Increasing resistance to antibiotics make them as one of the most important pathogens of gastroenteritis caused by Salmonella food outbreaks. This study aimed to investigate the molecular epidemiology of Salmonella food outbreaks using culture and PCR, and also to determine the antibiotic resistance pattern of Salmonella isolated.Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed within a year on 39 foodborne outbreaks including 140 (diarrhea stool swab) from Yazd province. The samples were used in selenite F broth for enrichment of Salmonella then were cultivated on Hektoen enteric agar or Xylose Lysine Dextrose (XLD) Agar. Depending on colonies biochemical or serologic test for the detection of Salmonella were used. Salmonella isolates were confirmed by PCR. Antibiotic resistance was determined by disk diffusion method.Results: 11 Salmonella were isolated from 141 samples. The most serogroup was isolated from type D. Full sensitivity was observed to Ciprofloxacin and Imipenem and the greatest resistance to Nalidixic acid. All isolates were confirmed by PCR.Conclusion: Salmonella commonly seen as a pathogen that caused gastroenteritis in food outbreaks. Awareness of the common serogroup of Salmonella in the country also familiarity with antibiotic resistance is necessary to reduce the duration of treatment and the costs.

Background: To date, the unique characteristics of nanoparticles in terms of biocompatibility, biodegradability, and particle size and bioavailability, reduced side effects and etc. have attended many researchers. The main aim of this study was to determine effects of chitosan conjugated to docetaxel nanoparticles in treatment of breast cancer.Methods: The self-assembled nanoparticles were prepared though conjugation of docetaxel, using succinic anhydride as a linker. Conjugation was confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) studies. Evaluation was in vitro cytotoxicity of the nanoparticles by MTT assay.Results: The results indicated that prepared nanoparticles have spherical shape with narrow size distribution around 150 nm with positive zeta potential. According to in vitro studies, we observed increased cell death in treat by nanoparticles.Conclusion: Our findings showed that docetaxel-chitosan nanoparticles can be suggested as an alternative of docetaxel anticancer medicine for breast cancer treatment.

Background: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an auto immune disease of the central system. This research examined the effect of MS patient’s caregiver’s participation in group supportive training therapy on the improvement of patient’s mental health (decrease of depression and anxiety, increase of positive effect).Methods: The present research design is a pretest-posttest quasi-experimental method with control group. The statistical population included relapse-remitting MS patients of 20-35 years old referring to Iranian MS society in 2013 who resided in Tehran. Sample of this research consists of 24 MS patients who were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The research used MHI scale of MSQLI inventory which was answered by 24 subjects (experimental & control groups) in pretest-posttest. Caregivers of experimental group attended 8 sessions of supportive-training group counseling that lasted nearly 90 minutes and hold once a week. Caregivers of control group did not receive any intervention. Collected data were analyzed using independent t-test.Results: The findings indicated that supportive- training intervention on caregivers of MS patients has been effective on the improvement of patient’s mental health such as reducing anxiety and depression, and increasing positive affection.Conclusion: According to the findings, in addition to applying proper intervention for MS patient, providing their caregivers with suitable education on caring patients is suggested.

Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women. An accurate and reliable system for early diagnosis of benign or malignant tumors seems necessary. We can design new methods using the results of FNA and data mining and machine learning techniques for early diagnosis of breast cancer which able detection of breast cancer with high accuracy. The aim of this study was to diagnosis of breast cancer using non-parametric kernel density estimation.Methods: In this study, 699 samples of benign and malignancy with 9 characteristics from WBCD and 569 samples of benign and malignancy with 30 characteristics from WDBC were used. Then, a model based on non-parametric kernel density estimation was proposed for classification of WBCD and WDBC data.Results: The results of non-parametric methods showed that Gaussian kernel method based on Euclidean distance with accuracy %97.93 has the highest accuracy on WDBC data and Gaussian kernel based on Euclidean distance and k-nearest neighbor methods with accuracy %98.17 has the highest accuracy compared with other methods on WBCD data for breast cancer disease.Conclusion: The result of this study showed that non-parametric kernel density estimation based classification can be used for breast cancer diagnosis with high accuracy.

Background: The aim of this study was to identify mechanical risk factors of diabetic foot ulcers and presenting biomechanical solving to prevent diabetic foot ulcers.Methods: Related articles from validate electronic and indexed sources from 1990 to 2014 were studied. In summation, 140 articles from electronic databases and journals, Elsevier, Pumped, Up to date, Google scholar, and Cochrane library were used.Results: Studies identified peak plantar pressure, shear force and time pressure and force integral as causes of diabetic foot ulcers. Intervention factors such as peripheral neuropathy, skeletal abnormalities, muscle weakness, muscles’ cocontraction, hypo mobility and reduced static and dynamic balance have been identified as aggrevating factors for mechanical risk of diabetic foot ulcers.Conclusion: Shear force, peak plantar pressure and time pressure integral are the most important mechanical risk factors for diabetic’s foot ulcers. Thus, good shoes and insoles can act as a filter and correct variables which effect ulcers such as force, pressure and time pressure integral.

Background: Despite the efforts undertaken to measure the Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory, The main difficulties of this theory is not good psychometric scale. This study was performed to evaluate the psychometric properties of behavioral activation and behavioral inhibition systems’ scale in nonclinical groups.Methods: The study population includes Urmia and Kharazmi universities, among which 368 and 472 participants were selected randomly. For determining the psychometric properties of behavioral activation and behavioral inhibition systems’ scale, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were used. Then reliability of this scale were measured through the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, retest, and splitting, as well as criterion validity was examined with positive and negative affect scale sensitivity to punishment and reward scale.Results: Exploratory factor analysis revealed four factors. Also fit indictors in confirmatory factor analysis supported four-factor model. Alpha coefficients, retest and splitting showed satisfactory internal consistency, and patterns of correlation coefficients between subscales of Persian version of behavioral activation and behavioral inhibition systems with positive and negative affect scale and sensitivity to punishment and reward scale showed good criterion validity for this scale.Conclusion: The findings of the present study was similar to original culture, therefore the Persian version of behavioral activation and behavioral inhibition systems’ scale is a good tool for assessment characteristics consistent with BAS and BIS system and their subscales.

Background: Hypertension is one of the most important public health problems in the world today. Blood pressure is as a result of several factors, such as obesity. Given the prevalence of obesity in Iran and rising blood pressure this study is to determine the rate of prevalence of hypertension attributable to obesity in Western Iran in 2009.Methods: In this study, national statistics relating to the non-communicable disease care system in 2009 was used, and the effect size of the risk factors was obtained from lipid and glucose studies. After standardization of population-based prevalence data derived from the Census of 2011 the population attributable risk for Western provinces was calculated in Excel and ArcGIS software.Results: In this study, the maximum amount of attributable fraction was in Kermanshah province for males 19.9 percent and females 21.3 percent, and the lowest for males was in Ilam as 10.3 percent and for females in Kurdistan as11.5 percent.Conclusion: Recognizing the dangers of the prevalence and impact of blood pressure and cardiovascular diseases, and the high incidence of obesity and blood pressure in large provinces in the Western of Iran, it is necessary to perform preventive programs to avoid outbreak of the disease in these provinces.

Background: Cytokines are believed to play an important role in the regulation of cellular immune response in hepatitis B virus infection. Interleukin 10 is a member of cytokine family. The overall expression of these molecules is mainly controlled by single nucleotide polymorphisms at specific sites on the promoter region of the Interleukin 10 gene. The aim of this study was to analyze the association between Interleukin 10 gene single nucleotide polymorphism (rs1800872A/C) and chronic hepatitis B virus infection.Methods: A total of 130 chronic hepatitis B virus infected patients and 130 healthy controls were involved in this study. Polymorphism detection and amplification was performed by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and genotyping was carried out by Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP).Results: Genotype frequencies of CC, AC and AA were 40%, 50.8% and 9.2% for our patients and 56.9%, 36.2% and 6.9% in our control group, respectively. A statistically significant difference was observed in the frequency of Interleukin 10 gene polymorphism rs1800872A/C between healthy subjects and those with hepatitis B virus infection for both alleles (p=0.017) and genotype (p=0.025) frequencies.Conclusion: Interleukin 10 gene polymorphism rs1800872A/C could be a host genetic factor associated with susceptibility to hepatitis B virus infection or disease progression in chronic hepatitis B virus infected patients.

Background: Allergy to some food products is a usual affair which appears to be caused by immunologic and non-immunologic reactions. One of the most important factors generating these reactions is mediating the IgE which can cause anaphylaxis. Additionally, one of the most renowned allergens is wheat. However the best method for curing these patients is avoiding from allergen, modern approaches such as oral immunotherapy can be used for lowering or prevention of IgE increasing in these patients. The aim of this study is evaluation of total and specific IgE in patients before and after desensitization.Methods: Twelve Patients suffering from wheat allergy were recruited from Rasoul-e-Akram hospital and approved by physical examination and double-blind placebo-controlled food challenge. Then, they were put into desensitization protocol containing 2phases: first phase was gradually increased prescription of semolina and second was gradually increased doses of spaghetti. Eventually total and specific IgE to wheat was determined by ELISA before and after desensitization. Prick test was carried out for evaluating skin reactions and wheal size was recorded. Eventually number of nasal smear eosinophils was counted before and after desensitization.Results: Before and after desensitization specific IgE to wheat was measured in patients. Although it was shown little increase in specific IgE but there was no significant difference between after and before specific IgE. Total IgE was also measured before and after desensitization and despite of little increase in total IgE, there was no significant difference between after and before totalIgE in patients. The average of wheal size was reduced before and after the protocol which showed a significant difference (p<0.02). Nasal smear eosinophil counts showed no significance.Conclusion: In this study it was shown the effect of oral immunotherapy on specific and total IgE in patients suffering from wheat allergy but more study is needed in order to find the best initiation time of desensitization, how to increase gradual doses and the other factors influencing the process of immunotherapy.

Background: Female-headed households are more vulnerable for social damages than other women. It has significant effect on the quality of life of women. The aim of this study was to determine the factors associated with quality of life for women heads of families, based on the stage of realizing the educational and ecological precede - proceed model.Methods: In this cross sectional descriptive 180 household women of Tehran Welfare Organization were attended. Sampling method was Multi-stage random Dada collection tools was standard quality of life questionnaire (WHOQOL - BREF) and a questionnaire developed by the researcher based on the educational and ecological stage of precede-proceed model. Data were analyzed in software SPSS v.15 using descriptive and analytical tests.Results: The mean age of the women was 8.8 ± 39.43 years and the average of duration of house holding was 92.4 ± 69.5 years. There were positive correlation between quality of life with knowledge (r=0.215, p=0.004), attitude (r=.625, p<0.001), and enabling factors (r=0.629, p<0.001).Conclusion: Knowledge, Attitude, enabling factors, reinforcing factors, and behavioral factors are effective factors on the quality of life in female headed households and improvement interventions to improve the quality of life for these women should be considered.

Background: Although promoting methods to reducing labor pain by health professional is essential, few researches have addressed the awareness of health professionals of water birth. This study aimed to determine awareness of health professionals of Kashan city of water birth and its benefits and barriers in 2015.Methods: This study was a cross-sectional descriptive-analytical. First, the scale was developed its validity was assessed. Then, through census method a convenience sample included 233 health professional were selected and filled out the questionnaires. Statistical analysis of data was performed through SPSS software and independent-samples T test, Chi Square and Fishers tests.Results: The average age of participants was 36.69 (±7.7) years. 69.5% (n=132) of the participants awareness was moderate and others (30.5%, n=58) good. Awareness of participants regarding some benefits of water birth such as possibility of infection in the mother and infant, starting breathing of infant without provocation interventions, reducing mental problems among infants was moderate. Only 21.6% (n=41) of participants were aware of limitation of water birth in less than 37 weeks of gestational age.Conclusion: Since awareness of 30.5% (n=58) of the participants was moderate, conducting educational sessions for this group seams essential.