Razi Journal of Medical Sciences
Year:2016 | Volume:23 | Issue:148|Papers Count:19

Background: Reduction of bone density is a risk factor for falling, injury, or even death in elderly people. The purpose of the present study is investigating the effect of 12 weeks resistance training in water on bone density of elderly women.Methods: Twenty four old women were selected after medical screening and randomly divided into two groups of experimental (12 people, age 65±3.46 year, height 157.58±6.68cm, weight 66.68±11.18kg and BMI 27.21±4.08) and control (12 people, age 65±2.81 year, height 156.58±6.72cm, weight 63.63±6.17kg and BMI 25.80±1.83). Firstly, the bone density (neck of femur and vertebra) was measured. To measure bone density DEXA procedure was used. Then subjects of experimental group received a resistance training program in water (12 weeks, 2 sessions in a week, every session 1 hour). The control group received no intervention. Bone density was modulated again after 12 weeks resistance training in water. For intra group comparison correlated t-test and for comparison between groups independent t test were used.Results: The results showed that after 12 weeks resistance training in water in experimental group no significant changes was seen in bone density in neck of femur and vertebra (p<0.05). In control group, a slight significant decrease was seen in bone density (p<0.05).Conclusion: The results showed that 12 weeks of resistance training in the water can maintain bone density and for increase in BMD older women longer practice is recommended.

Background: This study has assessed the effect of combined group therapy with dietary therapy versus dietary therapy on the self-efficacy and weight loss in obese women.Methods: Among 168 patients, after the final estimation, 16 were randomly assigned into 2 groups of group therapy and dietary therapy. Each patient was weighted and filled the QEWP-R questionnaire. One group received group therapy and after 4 weeks, both groups received dietary therapy in 8 sessions, and every other week.Results: The results showed that the combination of cognitive behavioral group therapy with and diet therapy leads to more weight loss (p<0.05 for both intention to treat and protocol group) and also increases self-efficacy in women with obesity (p<0.05 for both intention to treat and protocol group). No significant relation was seen between the self-efficacy in obese women at the beginning of the treatment with their weight loss after treatment (p>0.05 for both intention to treat and protocol group) and also between this self-efficacy and treatment dropout rate (p>0.05). A significant difference in weight loss and self-efficacy between the two groups (p<0.05).Conclusion: The study confirmed effectiveness of group therapy in combination with diet therapy in weight reduction in patients with obesity.

Background: The sciatic pain caused by a herniated lumbar disc is one of the most expensive disorders for society in terms of quality of life and disability. This study aimed to explore the impact of educational programs on quality of life and disability in women with or without sciatica up to 6 months after intervention.Methods: This is a semi experimental study that was carried out in Rheumatology Research Center of Tehran University of Medical Sciences. There were 27 eligible patients suffering from chronic low back pain (including 14 patients with sciatica and 13 patients without sciatica) entered in the study. All participants divided into groups of 6 to 8 members and were provided with a four-hour training session of physiotherapy and psychology followed by telephone counseling. Roland-Morris Disability (RDQ) & Quebec Back Pain Disability Scale (QDS) questionnaires and SF-36 were completed at initial of the study and 6 months after intervention. Data were analyzed by paired t-test; p<0.05 was considered significant.Results: The findings of this study revealed that in people with sciatic pain quality of life’s scores increased in all dimensions after 6 months educational intervention and especially there was significant differences in bodily pain (p=0.004), general health (p=0.002), and mental health (p=0.002). Considering QDS and RDQ scales, subjects’ bodily disability was improved significantly and in patients without sciatic pain just mental health and QDS were improved (p=0.01 and p=0.02, respectively).Conclusion: Educational program companied by telephone counseling after intervention had an important role in decreasing the disability and increasing the quality of life and bodily function of women suffering from low back pain and sciatic pain up two months.

Background: Cutaneous leishmaniasis is an endemic disease in many countries, including Iran. Pentavalent antimony compounds used to treat this disease is associated with adverse effects for patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the alcoholic extract of Rumex on experimental lesion of Leishmania major in BALB/c mice.Methods: In this study, thirty mice were divided into 6 groups A to F, 5 mice in each group, and then inoculated subcutaneously at the base of the tail with 100 micro liter liquid phase culture containing promastigotes (1´106) of active Leishmania major promastigotes standard strain (MRHO/IR/75/ER). Cutaneous lesions were appeared approximately after 3 weeks. Three different concentrations of Rumex seeds alcoholic extract (0.3, 0.5 and 0.9) were used as an injection to Group D-F. Three other groups were considered as control; group A received no treatment, groups B and C were received ethanol alone and glucantime, respectively. All injections were performed 2 times a day for 15 days and every week the lesion diameter was measured in all groups. The number of parasites in the lesions stained smears were examined under a microscope. Information were recorded and analyzed using one-away ANOVA and post-hoc Tukey’s test.Results: The mean diameter of lesions decreased in concentration of 9mg/ml after 5 week and complete healing was observed in this group. Also the parasitic load was decreased significantly in comparison with glucantime injected group (p£0.05).Conclusions: The results suggest that the effective concentration of the herbs mentioned in this article (9mg/ml) could be used as an appropriate alternative medicine on human cutaneous leishmaniasis.

Background: Facebook After Google is the most visited site and has most of the traffic on a daily basis. According to its popularity and qualitative and quantitative growth and substance abuse asa most important social worries, purpose of this research is examining the relationship between emotional attachment to FACEBOOK and tendency to narcotic substance abuse.Method: In this correlational study, 407 undergraduate students from the Universities of Nishabour were selected by quota sampling. Instruments included emotional attachment to facebook subscale from Intensity of facebook Scale Ellison, Eshteinfield and Lampe (2007) and the scale tendency to narcotic substances abuse derived from attitude to narcotic substances abuse questionnaire drug Rafiee et al (2012) is. The results of Pearson correlation and stepwise multiple regression were used, too.Result: Results showed a significant, direct and positive correlation (r=0.297, p=0.001) between emotional attachment to Facebook and tendency to Narcotic substance abuse. Regression results indicated that emotional attachment to Facebook predict 7.5% of the variance tendency to narcotic substance abuse.Conclusion: Increasing of awareness and information of students about the consequences of their use of online social networks can be effective in reducing the negative effects of using these networks.

Background: Aerobic training is well supported as a useful component of an exercise. One of the most common adaptations that occur in this type of training is creating new vessels and increased angiogenesis factors. Aerobic training can be effective on angiogenesis. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of aerobic training on cardiac expression of mir-126 in normal and diabetic rats.Methods: 35 Rats divided to two categories, diabetic and non-diabetics rats. Then each category of diabetic and non diabetic animals divided to two groups: under training and non-training. Cardiac muscle was removed and immediately placed into liquid nitrogen. Cardiac expression of mir-126 investigated in rat cardiac muscle using Real-time PCR. For data analysis, One-way ANOVA and post-hoc Tukey’s test were used.Results: The study results showed diabetes significantly decreases cardiac expression of mir126 and 8 weeks of aerobic training significantly increases cardiac expression of mir126 in healthy and diabetic rats.Conclusion: It seems aerobic training can prevent negative effects of diabetes via angiogenic path. Thus, kindle regulatory processes by mir126 that via aerobic training are impressed, could be worthy strategy on development of new theraphy methods in diabetes treatment.

Background: The aim of this study was to compare the effect of standard (Adidas) and local (Nahrein) shoes on some biomechanical variables related to tibia stress fracture in healthy male recreational runners.Methods: Fifteen healthy men (mean age: 35±2.27 years, height: 180.93±5.39 cm, and weight: 85.30±8.84 kg) performed running with controlled velocity on the force plate with Adidas and Nahrein shoes. Some biomechanical variables related to tibia stress fracture as peak vertical and posterior reaction forces, loading rates of these two forces, time to peak vertical and posterior forces and total time of these forces were measured by force plate system. The t-test was used to analyze data through SPSS software v.20 (p£0.05).Results: Based on the result, there was no significant difference in peak vertical and posterior reaction forces, loading rates of these two forces, time to peak posterior force and total time of vertical and posterior forces variables between two shoes (p>0.05 for all variables). However, time to peak vertical force significantly increased in Adidas shoe compared to Nahrein by 8% (p=0.01).Conclusion: There was no difference between Adidas and Nahrein as standard and local shoes in some biomechanical variables related to tibia stress fracture during running. Thus, Nahrein shoe could be recommended as a shoe with proper advantage of safety, shock absorption and lower cost for recreational runners.

Background: The Neonatal period is a highly vulnerable time. Provision, maintenance and improvement of neonatal welfare level in health care are the most indicators of health and development. The purpose of this study was investigating the Iranian physicians’ attitudes toward factors in neonatal mortality in order to access minimum data set in neonatal death.Methods: This study was a cross-sectional performed using convenience sampling and a researcher made questionnaire in order to access minimum data set in neonatal death. Questionnaires were completed by neonatologists working in Tehran teaching hospitals by 71% contribution rate. In order to compare the results of the questionnaire and real data from neonatal records, t-test, Mann-Whitney and K-square tests were used.Results: The results of the comparison between questionnaire and neonatal records on four variables that had the highest mean showed that there were relationships between birth weight, gestational age, Apgar scores and mortality, but there was not a significant relationship between neonatal status at birth and mortality rate.Conclusion: According to local condition and access level to quality care, important parameters in neonatal death were different and it is necessity to have comprehensive analysis in order to reduce neonatal mortality rate. Use of obtained parameters can be helpful in creating clinical decision support system for predicting the neonatal death, but comprehensive studies are needed for further evaluation.

Background: Every year thousands of people die because of stomach cancer and brain tumors. N. sativa plant has thymoquinone and this compound may prevent cancer cell line growth in many types of cancer. The purpose of this study was to examine the possibility of inhibiting cell growth in human stomach gastric adenocarcinoma (AGS) and astrocytoma cell lines (AST) by N. sativa and N. arvensis extract and to compare lethal effect of these two extracts on cancer cell line.Methods: AGS and AST cell lines were cultured and seeded for 7 hours. After this time these cells treated with various concentration of N. sativa and N. arvensis extracts for 24 hours. Consequently, the cytotoxicity effect of extract on cell line was investigated by MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay.Results: Based on our data the extract of N. sativa has cytotoxic effects on both AGS and AST cell lines. Although in case of astrocytoma cell line this effect is not dose dependent, in AGS cell line the results do not follow the same pattern and at lower three doses the cytotoxicity effect was dose dependent. The cytotoxicity effect of N. arvensis extract on astrocytoma cell line was dose independent, but in AGS cell line this effect was dose dependent.Conclusion: According to the results of this study extracts of both N. sativa and N. arvensis showed cytotoxicity effect on examined cancer cell lines.

Background: The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral stress management on mothers of Children with developmental disorders, disruptive behavior disorders and cerebral palsy.Methods: Of all mothers of children with developmental disorders, disruptive behavior disorders and cerebral palsy who referred to Behzisti clinics and private counseling centers Zahedan city and obtained 1 standard deviation upper than normal in depression, anxiety and stress 48 ones were selected. Samples were selected using convenient sampling and assigned into two experimental (n=24) and control (n=24) groups. Next, based on an experimental, pre and post-test method with control group, experimental participants received eight 2-2.5 hours stress management sessions while the control group received no intervention. The experimental and control individuals were assessed for depression, anxiety, and stress using Lovibond&Lovibond’s Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS).Results: Covariance analysis showed that experimental mothers’ depression and anxiety were severe in pretest and moderate in post-test, and their stress was severe in pretest and low in post-test (p<0.001).Conclusion: Due to the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral stress management, it can be used as an interventional treatment in groups of mothers of children with special needs.

Background: The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of carrying backpack with different loads on electromyography activity of selected lower limb muscles and fatigue during walking in elementary school students.Methods: Fifteen 9 to 11 years elementary school students were selected through convenient sampling method. Subjects walked on the treadmill at a speed of 1.1 meters per second for 20 minutes while carrying backpacks under different conditions: no weight, 10, 15 and 20% of their body weight. While walking on the treadmill for twenty minutes, electromyography activity of rectus femoris, vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, biceps femoris, medialis gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior muscles were recorded for 10 seconds every five minutes (4 trials). Data were analyzed by ANOVA with repeated measures (p<0.05).Results: Electropmyography activity of rectus femoris, vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, biceps femoris and medialis gastrocnemius significantly increased with increasing backpack load, but no change was observed for tibialis anterior muscle activity. The median frequency of rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, biceps femoris and medialis gastrocnemius decreased with increasing backpack load, but no change was observed vastus medialis and tibialis anterior muscles.Conclusion: According to the results, it can be concluded that increasing muscles activity with increasing backpack load may lead to fatigue, consequently increase risk of injury during carrying school backpack.

Background: Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance, which complicates treatment, has been increasingly identified in Escherichia coli isolates worldwide. The purpose of this study was to investigate the frequency of plasmid-mediated qnrA, qnrB, and qnrS genes among quinolones resistant E.coli isolated from Kerman hospitals, Iran.Methods: In the current study, 80 E. coli isolates were collected from urine, blood, and wound from Kerman hospitals. Then antibiotic susceptibility test was carried out by using disc diffusion method. Detection of qnrA, qnrB, and qnrS genes were carried out by polymerase chain reaction. Data were evaluated through SPSS v.22.Results: Effective antibiotic against E. coli isolates was imipenem (93.7%) but 58 isolates (72.5%) were resistance to ampicillin which more than others antibiotics. 33 (41.2%) and 15 (18.7%) of 80 Escherichia coli isolates were nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin-resistant, respectively. Detection of qnr genes demonstrated that 5 (6.2%) isolates were observed qnrS and one (1.2%) were identified qnrA genes isolates. No qnrA gene was identified in our study.Conclusion: Because of different antibiotic resistance patterns in various geographical regions, antimicrobial treatment should be based on local experience. Therefore, prescribing correct antibiotics can prevent the extension of antibiotic resistance through qnr borne bacteria in the future.

Background: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a behavioral disorder in children and adolescents that may damage the motor skills and balance of them. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 6 weeks high intensity interval training on dopamine levels and improvement of perceptual motor skills in adolescent girls with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).Methods: In this clinical trial, 30 adolescent girls with ADHD were randomly allocated to high intensity interval training and control groups. The training group, trained for 6 weeks. The training protocol included 20 meters running 3times a week, with the repetitions of 4 times at the first and second week, the repetitions of5times at the third and fourth week and the repetitions of6times in the fifth and sixth week. At the beginning and end of the sixth week, anthropometric indices, dopamine levels and scores of perceptual motor skills were assessed. Data were analyzed by paired and independent t tests. The level of statistical significance was set at p<0.05.Results: After 6 weeks, the average of serum dopamine levels (p=0.005), weight (p=0.001), body mass index (p=0.001), body fat percent (p=0.002) and the mean scores of perceptual motor skills (p=0.001) in experimental group were significantly different with control group.Conclusion: The present study revealed that high intensity interval training as a non-pharmacological and non-invasive method has a positive impact on serum dopamine levels and perceptual-motor skills in adolescents with ADHD.

Background: Acute appendicitis is one of the most common causes of emergency surgery especially in children. Proper and on-time diagnosis may decrease the unwanted complications. Despite of advances in diagnostic methods, there are a significant number of patients with negative laparotomies. The aim of this study was to assess the role of artificial neural networks in diagnosis of acute appendicitis in children with acute abdomen.Methods: Data from 206 patients presenting with acute abdomen referred to Ali Asghar Pediatric Hospital in Tehran during April 2005 to March 2015 were used in this research. Levenberg-Marquardt and Scaled Conjugate Gradient were used for the feed-forward back propagation neural network.Results: Results showed that the feed-forward back propagation algorithm with topology of 12-10-2, Levenberg-Marquardt training algorithm and similar functions for the entire layer (Hyperbolic tangent sigmoid) was the best order to diagnosis acute appendicitis in children. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the artificial neural network were 100%, 100%, and 100% respectively. These results indicated a high potential of neural network as strong tool in diagnosis acute appendicitis in children.Conclusion: we have used a neural network method targeted at aiding medical specialist in their diagnosis of acute appendicitis disease. Artificial neural networks could be an effective tool for accurately diagnosing acute appendicitis. Such systems may reduce unnecessary appendectomies, diagnostic costs and time.

Background: Excessive use of antibiotics and biocides has led to emergence of resistant Staphylococcal strains. The aim of this study was to examine resistance of Staphylococcal strains biofilm isolated to biocidal components.Methods: 100 clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus were collected from hospitalized patients with infectious skins from two Shohadaye Tajrish and Valiasr hospitals for one year in Tehran City. Isolated strains were identified by standard biochemical tests and confirmed using polymerase chain reaction. The pattern of resistance of strains to antibiotics and biocides such as Savlon, Decosept and Deconex (Dermocept) were determined by disc diffusion method and their minimal inhibition and cidal concentrations were estimated using microdilution. The biofilm of MDR strains were formed on polystyrene microplates.Results: Most of strains were resistant to penicillin, amoxicillin, ampicillin and methicillin and the most sensitivity was seen to clarythromicin. The phenotyping findings of biofilm formation show that 6%, 23.2% and 50.4% of isolates were able to biofilm formation as strong, intermediate and weak, repectively, and only 20.4% were unable to form biofilm. Biofilm had the lower and higher resistant to Savlon and Deconex, respectively.Conclusion: The prevalence of hospital resistance strains with ability of biofilm formation can be serious danger for health of society in an extended spectrum of patients.