STUDIES IN EDUCATION & PSYCHOLOGY
Year:2005 | Volume:6 | Issue:2|Papers Count:18

In this Paper, the author based on considering and reviewing of "Kohlbergian approach", had tried to provide necessary context for introducing "Care approach" as one that have innumerous advocates and contemporary approach about Ethics and "moral education". At the base, after introducing" Deontological Ethics"-that is philosophical foundation of Kohlberg approach- and after reviewing of? Emotivism school?-that is philosophical foundation of "Care approach" - "Care approach" is introduced briefly; Following this argument, the contemporary approach (Care Ethics)-by using of viewpoints of it's greatest present advocates - is described. Following previous discussion, author has compared feministic or Care approach with manly or principle-oriented approach. At the end of discussion, four elements of moral education in Care approach (Modeling, Dialogue, Practice and Confirmation) are pointed.

The present article studies the vertical relationship of the content base of newly -compiled craft and technique books in the middle School. The research method was descriptive which analyzed the book content. The statistical samples were the craft and technique books of the first second and third grades published during 81-82. The instruments used for the research included two self-made forms, analyzing and classifying the content bases and their vertical relationship .The data were analyzed for descriptive statistics. The research findings were as follows: 1. From 61 cases of the content bases of the first grade book, 21 cases had vertical relationship with the second grade and 15 cases with the third grad book. Also, from 51 content bases, of the second grade, 7 cases had vertical relationship.2. From 43 cases, 21 cases enjoyed continuous and 22 cases had sequential relationship.3. Among different kinds of sequencing, 7 cases of spiral organization, 6 cases of sequencing form concrete to abstract's cases of sequencing form simple to complex, and four cases of whole to part were observed.4. Most vertical relationships were seen among the content bases of the first with the second and third grade books, also between second and the third grade.5. On the whole, 24.8 percent of the bases of the contents had vertical relationship with each other.

This research has been done with the aim of examine cognitive behavioral approach and study skill's training to reducing test anxiety. For this research thirty tree freshmen high school students in Dastjerdi boarding-house convened in Mashhad were chosen according to available sampling and were assigned into four groups (cognitive-behavioral, study skills, cognitive-behavioral & study skills and control) in a voluntarily way, With the use of one way variants analysis for comparison means difference, with 0.05% significant data were analyzed.Results: All three experimental groups in compare with control group had a statistical significant reduction in test anxiety score. But in this research comparison effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral group therapy and study skill's training in compare with the separate application of this two hasn't caused significant reduction in test anxiety scores of student.

In this paper this question id going to be discussed: how and in what quality the laboratory experiments in high school physic text book should be performed? Some data has been collected by direct visiting of some schools, considering the situation of laboratories, and interviewing with the heads of laboratories and scientific quizzes for students. The present situation is compared with the ideal one to judge and analyze the data about the procedures of performing the experiments. It was found that there is a prominent distance between the present situation and the ideal one in the following are us: 1-The situation of laboratories.2- The potentiality of human ability.3- The procedure of student's performing of the experiments.4- Student's tendency, participation, contribution, and learning.The problem of physic laboratories remains in lack of facilities. Although the human force has got the suitable quality, but student participation in performing the experiments is poor and learning is not in its convincing possibility. Therefore, it is suggested to provide practical policies and strategies for performing the experiments of physics text books and, besides, principals should have special favors and regarding to this principle base for coming scientific progresses and developments of technology based upon innovation.

Investigating the attitude of Iranian universities chancellors to collegial planning based on systemic and linear - analytic paradigm is the main purpose of this study. All of the universities Chancellors had been considered as subjects of this research. Although, referring to ability of forecasting, the findings showed that the universities chancellors took a point of view toward systematic paradigm, but there were many evidences that support us to making this result that most of the participants took an approaches to linear-analytic paradigm in regard of the three main concepts including time, evaluation and goal back to the higher education in Iran. It means that, the time is returnable, previous events could be reproducible in the future, evaluation use just for controlling and reporting to superiors and the goals could be considered unchangeable. Finally, it seems that the dominant viewpoint in the universities is linear-analytic.  

This research intended to respond the subsequent inquiries such as 1. What is the present situation of teacher participation in schools 2. How to stream line the process of participation action presenting the cognitive, social and behavioral components 3.What recommendations can be made to reinforce and facilitate the participation? The data were collected by using a research-made questionnaire with 65 questions and an interview form. The rate of reliability coefficient (internal consistency coefficient) was acceptable. The findings of this research illustrate the major disparities between the actual status of the participation and the desired one. There are significant and noticeable clarifications in the theoretical, legal, skillful points of view. Here are some suggested recommendations and advices for reinforcing and facilitating the participation process: a) development through participation b) sufficing the least agreements c) promoting the dialogue-based methods and the awareness level of participation d) establishing non-governmental organizations e) furnishing the material for teacher's cultural improvement through the indirect methods f) participating the retired teachers in the NGOs for promoting the efficiency of the educational staff g) promoting the parents-based organizations.

Today, attention to the Civic education in the world and especially in Iran is one of the main tasks of educational system. Civic education in Iran also encounter with some challenges such as: Liberalism (as philosophical foundation of civic education), Centralized educational administration and decision making, lack of student non-governmental organizations, unequal distributed educational opportunities, teachers disabilities for reach to civic education goals, bookish of civic education program, and lack of theoretical explanation of relation between civic society and Islamic society. The explanation and analysis of challenges of civic education in Iran is set forth.

The aim of this research was to compare of behavioral characteristics in female abused and normal adolescents. To achieve these purpose 100 high school students (29 abused & 71 normal) were selected by random multi stage sampling. The research instruments were child abuse scale and six subtests of million clinical multiaxial Inventories. The results respectively showed that there were significant differences between anti social behavior, aggression, passive-aggressive, drug and alcohol dependences of abused and normal adolescent (p<0.05).

Nails gnawing is gnawing nail and skinning finger briefly. Although it is not a severe diseases but considers as a very epidemic problem. The method of the research is causal comparative. The statistical population of this research consisted of primary school students of Mashhad.The Sample included 89 subjects from both sexes. From whom 45 subjects with nails gnawing problem and 44 subjects without this problem. The Exhpill Berger Anxiety test was used as a research instrument.T test was used in order to analyze the anxiety of mothers with nails gnawing children and the mothers with no nail gnawing children. The result showed significant differences between tow groups.