TOLOO-E-BEHDASHT
Year:2019 | Volume:17 | Issue:6 (72) |Papers Count:9

Introduction: Physical, mental, and social health of young couples are related to the family health and formation of a new healthy generation. Participation in pre-marital education and counseling programs may be the couple's first encounter with the health care system. Their perception and satisfaction from such services will play an important role in continuing utilization of the health services. Methods: This quasi-experimental pre-test/post-test study was carried out on 230 couples attending the pre-marriage counseling classes from June to December 2016. A researcher-made questionnaire was applied based on the study objectives. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire were also confirmed. The questionnaire dealt with three areas of demographic information, knowledge, and attitude. It was administered in two stages, before and after the interventional training program. The collected data were analyzed using parametric and nonparametric statistical tests and the significance level was set at α = 0. 05. Results: The mean age of the studied couples was 22. 97 ± 4. 77 years. Knowledge scores were 6. 33 ± 3. 89 and 15. 37 ± 3. 84 before and after the educational intervention, respectively. Attitudes scores were 65. 94 ± 8. 92 and 76. 56 ± 9. 92 before and after the intervention, respectively. The mean scores of knowledge and attitude before and after the intervention showed statistically significant differences in the areas of productivity health, as well as hereditary, blood-borne, and sexual diseases (P = 0/000). Conclusion: According to the results, to increase the couple's health literacy about the mentioned subjects (Blood and sexually transmitted diseases, reproductive health, and hereditary diseases) more comprehensive programs are required.

Introduction: Asthma is the most common chronic airway disease in children, which is caused by genetic and environmental factors such as obesity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between obesity and asthma severity in children. Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study included 200 asthmatic children aged 6 to 12 years in Yazd Shohadaye Kargar hospital in 2015-2016. The participants' demographic data were recorded. According to the Australian National Asthma Campaign, they were categorized into mild, moderate, and severe groups considering their severity of asthma. In order to compare the studied variables t, chi-square, and Mann-Whitney tests were used by SPSS 18. Results: The results showed that 11 (27. 5%) obese children had severe asthma, but only 7 children (4. 4%) with normal BMI had severe asthma (P <0. 001). It was also found that the mean BMI in children with severe asthma was 21. 68, in children with moderate asthma was 19. 73, and in children with mild asthma was 18. 27 (P <0. 001). Other variables including age, birth weight, maternal age, socioeconomic status, and educational level did not have any significant effect on the severity of asthma (P> 0. 05). Conclusion: Our study showed that the prevalence of severe asthma was high in obese children and this relationship was stronger in boys. Therefore, obese children have a higher risk for severe asthma. To reduce obesity in children, treatments such as regimen are required.

Introduction: With increase in the amount and diversity of bio-environmental wastewater pollutants, it is essential to control them and have a program to eliminate or minimize these environmental contaminants. Cardboard recycling industry wastewater has the potential of environmental pollution; it is contaminated with various fungal species that may be effective in the decomposition and removal of pollutants. The aim of this study was to isolate and identify native fungal species that decontaminate the organic pollutants in the cardboard recycling industry wastewaters. Methods: In this descriptive study, samples were randomly selected from different areas within the wastewaters of cardboard recycling industry. Samples were cultured on Saboraud dextrose agar medium for isolation of probable fungal species. The isolated fungal colonies were enumerated and purified based on their morphological characteristics and microscopic analysis. Results: The average total number of fungi species in wastewater of cardboard recycling industry was 2. 5×102 CFU/ml, of these 2. 1×101 were saprophytic fungi. The most prevalent fungal species were identified from the wastewater including Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Penicillum, Geotrichum, Mucor, Drechselera, Paecillomyces, Alternaria, Fusarium, and Absidia. The highest frequency of fungal species of Aspergillus nige, Aspergillus flavus, and Penicillum were 30. 89, 22. 76, and 14. 63 percent, respectively. Conclusion: According to the literature and results of this study, it seems that the native fungi isolated from the cardboard recycling industry wastewater were from fungi with the potential for bioremediation of wastewater contaminants. Therefore, their ability to decompose wastewater of this industry can be investigated in future studies.

Introduction: Studies showed that about 25 percent of children with less than 5 years of age were underweight to varying degrees in Iran. Mothers, as the most influential group in family education, play very significant roles in preventing growth retardation and regular monitoring. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of educational intervention based on reasoned action theory on the behavior of mothers with malnourished children. Methods: This experimental study was conducted on 130 mothers with malnourished 2-5 year-old children in Sepidan city. Participants were divided into two groups (65 in the case group and 65 in the control group). Data were collected using a questionnaire containing demographic data and a questionnaire based on the structures of the reasoned action theory. Data were analyzed by SPSS 16. Results: The mean score of attitude in the intervention group increased from 33. 1± 5. 2 to 38. 5± 3. 8, their intention score from 24. 4± 3. 3 to 30. 03± 3. 1, and practice score from 31. 6± 4. 9 to 42. 5± 3. 8, which were statistically significant (p<0. 001). However, the mean score of subjective norms increased from 31. 4± 5. 5 to 32. 7± 5. 3 and the difference was not statistically significant. The weight mean of children in the intervention and control groups were 1. 1 ± 1. 6 and 11. 5 ± 1. 5 kg before the intervention, respectively. After the intervention, the weight mean of children in the intervention group increased to 12. 05± 1. 4, which was statistically significant. On the other hand, weight gain in children of the control group was not statistically significant. Conclusion: Educational intervention based on reasoned action theory was effective on behaviors of mothers with malnourished children. So, this theory can be used as an educational framework to prevent malnutrition in children.

Introduction: Physical-motor injury is a type of injury that limits one or more of the basic activities of a person's life and prevents the physical and mental development of an individual. Therefore, men with this type of disability will face certain challenges and problems during their lifetime. One of the most important challenges is marriage and the choice of the spouse to support the emotional, psychological and physical aspects of the man. The aim of the present study is to explain the lived experiences and challenges of men with marital-related physical-motor injuries. Methods: This research was carried out in a qualitative way, through the phenomenology of lived experiences, via a purposive sampling technique and in-depth interviews with 16 males with physicalmotor injuries. The interviews were recorded, then recorded in transcripts and analyzed by Colaizzi's method. Results: The findings of the lived experiences and challenges of men with physical-motor injuries were summarized in 6 main themes (occupational concerns, fear of disability in sexual relations, fear of rejection, therapeutic problems, religious beliefs, self-affirmation in life), and 20 sub-themes coded as subcategories of the main themes. Conclusion: These findings can provide the necessary data for recognizing the main problems, concerns and challenges of men with physical-motor injuries in their marriage, and provide a platform for many professionals and authorities to provide services and supports for social rehabilitation of the physical-motor disabled.

Introduction: Hospital managers routinely make complex and important for the health of their Society. The quality of these decisions depends on the amount of information, experience and knowledge of the managers. This study aimed to identify barriers to the knowledge sharing among managers of educational hospitals in the south-east of the country. Methods: This is a qualitative study that was done using the phenomenological method. The research community was composed of all managers of selected educational hospitals in Fars and Kerman provinces. The research sample was selected through in-sample sampling and among managers who were somehow involved in the dissemination of knowledge. The total number of statistical population consisted of 40 hospital managers, with 26 of these semi-structured interviewers. Sampling was carried out to the extent that the data from 26 interviews reached the saturation level, then the results were analyzed using a seven-step method. Results: The results of this study showed that the main barriers to knowledge dissemination among hospital managers in seven main sections, each in subcategories including: cultural barriers in 9 sub categories, financial facilities in 2 sub categories, development and promotion of education in 13 sub categories, Policies, rules and regulations in 9 sub-categories, communications in 8 subcategories, human resources in 9 sub-categories, and management policies in 10 sub-categories. Conclusion: Knowledge dissemination among managers is essential in order to increase their level of knowledge and their ability to make better decisions. With the importance of proper education, the culture of studying and the transfer of experience and knowledge in hospitals and universities, the culture of collaborative learning is institutionalized. Review some of the laws of the media to support managers and their job stability and their educational policies, and increase the quality of education in universities. Managers use appropriate methods and communication skills and have individual and organizational interactions. Due diligence and attention to the ability of managers, proper information and managers' moves towards collaborative and team processes can remove barriers to knowledge dissemination.

Introduction: Since proper use of drugs by patients is under the influence of their beliefs and attitudes, we decided to conduct a study to determine the effect of training of asthmatic patients for appropriate use of inhaled corticosteroids sprays (ICS) on their attitude and asthma control. Methods: This study was semi-experimental with two groups of case and control. One hundred ninety patients were enrolled in the study and randomly were allocated to either two groups. Ninety patients in each group finished the study. Pre-training researcher made questionnaire was completed by all of the participants. Nine sessions of one-hour training on how to properly use the inhalers, were held for patients in the case group. Two months later, the questionnaire was completed by all the patients again. Student and paired T-test and one-way ANOVA were used to analyze data. Results: Demographic characteristics of two groups were similar. Training could reduce patients’ anxiety (p=0. 0001) and increase their interest (p=0. 0001) and self-esteem (p=0. 0001). Overall attitude score in the case and control groups were 68. 23 ± 6. 69 and 58. 69 ± 10, respectively (p=0. 001). Average score of asthma control in the trained group was significantly higher than the other (p=0. 001). Control of asthma did not have a substantial relationship with the level of education (p=0. 061) and gender (p=0. 116) of patients. Conclusion: Overall, education could have a positive effect on patient attitude and improve control of asthma. Therefore, training patients could increase the effectiveness of therapy and lower the costs on patients and the society.

Introduction: Today, the contamination caused by rapid development of industries has attracted the attention of scientific and environmental communities. This study was conducted to investigate the concentration and distribution of heavy metals in the topsoil of industrial areas in Ardakan city. Methods: In this applied research, sampling of topsoil (0-5 cm depth) was performed using five linear transects in an area of 20000 hectares. Concentrations of As, Cd, Cr, Ni, Mo, Pb, V, and Zn were measured in 45 samples based on ICP-OES method. Then, indices of Contamination Level of Heavy Metal ( ), Potential Ecological Risk of Heavy Metals ( ), and Total Potential Ecological Risk (RI) were calculated. Moreover, Pearson’ s correlation was used to assess the relationship between heavy metal’ s concentrations. Results: Results indicated that the mean concentrations of As, Cd, Cr, Mo, Ni, Pb, V, and Zn were 9. 85, 0. 31, 35. 33, 1. 001, 43. 28, 18. 51, 44. 8, and 78. 3 (mg/kg) in topsoil of studied area, respectively. Maximum concentrations of all heavy metals were found in samples collected from downstream and near the major industries except for Mo and Ni. and RI indices also showed a significant increase in downstream. Strong correlations were found between Cr-Ni, Cd-Zn, and As-Cr, which indicate that these metals probably have the same source. Conclusion: The ecological risk of the whole area was low. However, the increase of ecological risk in the surrounding and downstream of steel, pelletizing, as well as tile and ceramic factories indicated the dominant role of prevailing wind in the distribution and spread of pollution. This fact indicates the necessity of attention to the site selection studies of these industries. Furthermore, the results indicated the necessity of taking preventive measures such as phytoremediation in the downstream of the industrial areas in this region.