Jundishapur Scientific Medical Journal
Year:2011 | Volume:10 | Issue:5 (74)|Papers Count:14

Background and Objective: Student counseling practiced by academic staff could be a hand in achieving educational goals. This study has been carried out on this regard to make a survey on the opinions of the students in Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences (AJUMS).Subjects and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the opinions of 354 students were evaluated by a 35-item questionnaire confirmed from the validity and reliability part. Collected data was analysed by SPSS. 15 software, t test and ANOVA.Results: Two third of participants was female. A number of 183 students positively ticked the item of the "rate of referring to advisor", while only 18.8% were satisfied with the quality of counseling. In general, the mean of student counseling satisfaction was 2.36±0.78. A positive attitude to student counseling process was noticed. The desired status with a mean of 3.88±0.65 demonstrated a meaningful statistical relationship with present status (p£0.001). The students with a mean of 3.91 pointed the essentiality of student counseling and also believe that advisors could play an effective role in educational achievements (4.11).Conclusion: The results revealed that although the students have a positive attitude to the process of counseling, there is dissatisfaction with the present status of counseling in University. Considering the role of supervisors in guiding the student, a remedial review on counseling process seems necessary.

Background and Objective: Nonfluency is one of the most commen childhood disorders. Nonfluency is a disorder of fluency, articulation rate, rhythm, or mixture of these factors. This has unknown etiology and is very complicated. The Aim of this article is studying the prevalence of nonfluency disorder in 8 year children (second grade in school).Subjects and Methods: This article is a cross-sectional study. The number of participants is 200 children. They were examined by reading, spontaneous speech and descriptive speech tasks. Then, the data were analyzed descriptively and by doing independence t-test.Results: Of 200 samples, 100 children were male and 100 were female. The prevalence rate of nonfluency was 4.5 percent (4 percent for female and 5 percent for male). Prevalence of stuttering was the same. There was no subject of cluttering.Conclusion: The findings of this study are inconsistent with the result of the study performed in Amene institute in Tehran, and Menson's study in Denmark 2000.

Background and Objective: The aim of this study was to measure the shear bond strength of composite resin to human dentin surface bonded with three different bonding systems.Subjects and Methods: The crown surface of 66 extracted human third molar teeth were abraded with trimer in a wet environment until the dentin surface was exposed, and they were polished with silicon carbide paper 400 and 600 grit. Then, all the smooth smear layer samples were randomly classified into three equal groups. We used bonding according to the instruction of the manufacturer (the first group Single Bond, the second group BC Plus and third group Charm Bond).Then, the composite resin was bonded to the tooth surface by plastic tube (diameter: 1.8 mm, height: 5mm).Finally, shear bond strength was determined by universal testing machine (LMT 100).Results: The variance analysis (ANOYA) P value=0.000 revealed the mean of shear bond strength is different between three groups. The mean shear bond far first, second and third groups are 15.25 MP, 6.84 MP, 8.59 MP, respectively. The multiple comparison with THKEY test showed that there is different significance between group one and the other two groups which did not differ significantly.Conclusion: All in all, we found out that greatest shear bond strength to dentin is the American Single Bond, which is better than Korean product (BC Plus and charm Bond).

Background and Objective: At present, the use of nanostructured materials is becoming more widespread and a lot of advantages have been offered over either organic or inorganic nanoparticles. The purpose of this study was to find out the sensitivity of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus to the Antimicrobial Activities of CdO Nanoparticle.Subjects and Methods: Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) and Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) were used in the experiment. In the first experiment, the optical density of E. coli and S. aureus cultures were observed in the presence of 0.01%, 0.75% and 1.5% of CdO. In the second experiment, 6.3 log CFU/ml of E. coli and S. aureus separately, were exposed to 1.5% CdO at 37oC in water. In the third experiment, E.coli was developed in the solid medium with and without nanoparticles.Result: Only in the presence of 0.75% and 1.5% of these nanoparticles a considerable decreased was observed in the number of bacteria. In the control group the bacteria survived up to 13 days while complete cells death of E. coli and S. aureus was observed after 30 and 20 hours, respectively, when 1.5% CdO was added to the culture media. The same experiment, with S. aureus, showed complete cell death when the bacterial culture was exposed to 1.5% CdO for 20 hours.Conclusion: The present data demonstrate that a formulation made with the biologically stabilized CdO nanoparticles may be useful in the treatment of the infections and diseases caused by E. coli and S. aureus.

Background and Objective: There are some reports in Iranian traditional medicine concerning the anti-inflammatory effect of Saliva Officinalis (SO). In the present study with the aim of decreasing analgesic dose of morphine, analgesic effect of different doses of SO hydroalcoholic extract alone and associated with morphine were evaluated by tail nick in rats.Subjects and Methods: Analgesic effects of SO hydroalcholic extract at doses of 200, 400, 600, 800 and 1000 mg/kg, i.p. were investigated. Then the influence of these doses associated with analgesic dose or morphine (2.5 mg/kg) was evaluated. Rats were placed into restrainer and then transferred into the tail flick apparatus with the intensity 55 Co and cut off time=10 sec. In order to verify the role of opioid receptors on analgesic effect of SO extract, naloxone (1mg/kg, i.p.) was administered to one group of rats 15 min before receiving 800 mg/kg extract. Then, the data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA followed by LSD post hoc test and significant difference between groups was accepted with P<0.05.Results: The Data have shown that, the SO extract relieved pain in tail-flick test dose dependently and the most effective dose was 800 mg/kg. The maximum analgesic effect of the extract combined with morphine was observed at time point 45 min.Naloxane, opioid receptor antagonist could reduce analgesic effect of the extract.Conclusion: On the basis the results obtained in this study, it could be suggested that the SO extract potentiates morphine anti-nociceptive effect and this means that the opioid system may be involved in the analgesic effect of this plant extract.

Background and Objective: Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common diseases in general population. Its prevalence is 5-8 percent in Iran. The disease has symptoms such as neuropathy. The prevalence of neuropathy is equivalent to 7 percent at onset of the disease, but as the underlying disease advances the prevalence of neuropathy can reach to as much as 50 percent. In some patients with neuropathy, the neuropathic pain can affect their daily functioning and quality of life.Subjects and Methods: The subjects of this clinical trial were 60 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who referred to diabetes clinic of Ahvaz Golestan hospital. After proving painful neuropathy, and according to their history, physical examination and EMG-NCV, and considering their inclusion and exclusion criteria for the study, they were randomly divided into two equal groups. The study was accomplished in a double blind method. One group was treated with amitriptyline (50 mg/d) and the other group was treated with carbamazepine (200mg TID). Based on brief pain inventory quantitative scale amount of pain was scored before and six weeks after the beginning of study.Results: Both drugs were found effective, but no significant difference in pain relief was noted. Hb A1C in patients who received carbamazepine was found lower in comparison with other group.Conclusion: If the glucose declining effect of carbamazepine would be proved in the future, it can be administered as an adjunct therapy.

Background and Objective: Urinary stress incontinence has been defined as any involuntary leakage of urine on effort or exertion or on sneezing or coughing. Physical treatment and rehabilitation have an important role in the treatment of stress urinary incontinence.Subjects and Methods: In this clinical trial study, forty five women with urinary stress incontinence were included. Diagnosis was made according to the detailed history, physical examinations and urinary tests. All cases were randomly divided into three groups. Fifteen cases underwent kegel exercises, fifteen other cases underwent interferential current and both treatment (kegel exercise and interferential current) were applied the remaining cases. Number of leakages in three days and amount of leakage were evaluated pre and post treatment and the values of these data were compared in each group and among groups.Results: All of the parameters improved after treatment in each group (p<0.05). Kegel exercise and interferential current seemed to have similar effects on the number of leakages in three days before and after test. Treatment with kegel exercise and interferential current together was more effective on decreasing the number of leakages in three days than each one alone (p<0.05).Conclusions: Physical therapy modalities used in this trial are easy and non invasive. Treatment with kegel exercise and interferential current together can be more effective in patients with urinary stress incontinence.

Background and Objective: Cystinosis is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by accumulation of cystine in different organs, Infantile cystinosis characterized by Fanconi syndrome and growth retardation leading to renal failure. The aim of the study was to evaluate the clinical and laboratory findings of cystinotie patients attending at Mofid, Labafinejad hospitals (in Tehran) and Abuzar children's hospital (in Ahvaz), Iran.Subjects and Methods: During 1995-2010, all children with cystinosis hospitalized at the above three centers were enrolled, Patients with the following criteria were considered as cases of cystinosis: i) signs and symptoms of Fanconi syndrome ii) Presence of cystine crystals in cornea using slit lamp.Results: Of all the subjeces, 44 children fulfilled the criteria of nephropathic cystinosis. There were 24 (54.05%) females and 20 (45, 5%) males, Among them, 21 (47.7%) cases were Arabs. The mean age of onset of symptoms was 8 (range 3-18) months. The mean age at the initial presentation of chronic renal failure was 3 years. The most common clinical features in the patients were growth retardation (100%), presence of cystine crystal in cornea (100%), rickets (86%) and polyuria-polydipsia (83%). The commonest laboratory data were glucosuria (100%), renal tubular acidosis (97%), proteinuria (88.5%) and hyposthenuria (82%), Sixteen (36.3%) of the 44 patients received kidney transplant, of which 7 (43.7%) patients rejected their grafts. Finally, 13 (29.5%) of them were relatively good on medical treatment, 8 (18.1%) died, 2 (4.5%) on waiting list of kidney transplantand 21 (47.7%) missed follow up.Conclusion: Although cystinosis is a rare disease in the world, it seems to be a relatively common hereditary disease with unfavorable prognosis in Iranian Arabs.

Background and Objective: The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of aerobic and anaerobic exercise on reproductive hormones in male.Subjects and Methods: 45 subjects performed three randomized trials on separate groups, (1) aerobic group, (2) anaerobic group, (3) control group. Aerobic group performed continuous exercise with 65% (V02max) and anaerobic group performed interval exercise with 100% (V02max). Pre and post of the exercise blood samples were collected and analyzed for testosterone, luteinizing (LH), follicle-stimulating (FSH), prolactin and cortisol hormones. Diet, physical activity and circadian influences were all controlled.Results: Compared with the control, the aerobic and anaerobic groups significantly (P<0.05) elevated testosterone, prolactin and cortisol. Neither exercise produced significant (P<0.05) changes of FSH. LH in the aerobic group did not change but in anaerobic group was significantly elevated in comparison with the control group.Conclusion: This study has shown that there are not any correlations between testosterone and LH in the aerobic group which is a normal function of hypothalamus-hypophysis- axis and this is due to the low level of testosterone endurance athletes doing stamina sports. Also significant increase was. found between testosterone and prolactin of both experimental groups which is similar to other reports and aims of present study as well.

Background and Objective: Metabolic syndrome is a key factor in developing cardiovascular disease and is a major problem in many countries. With regard to the young Iranian population, high frequency of pregnancy, and the high prevalence of metabolic syndrome, especially in women after menopause, it is a great concern in Iran. This study was performed to investigate the relationship between the number of deliveries (Parity) and metabolic syndrome in non-obese postmenopausal women.Subjects and Methods: This cross sectional study was carried out on 140 healthy non-obese postmenopausal women who had a BMI less than 30 Kg/m2, at 2009 in Ahvaz. The data which were collected through interviews contained demographic information, the number of parity, age at menopause, values of HDL-C, FBS, TG serum after 12 hours fasting, blood pressure and waist circumference. We used the Pearson correlation and multiple regression analysis by SPSS 15 software.Results: There was significant relationship between parity and components of metabolic syndrome such as FBS (P<0.001), systolic blood pressure (P=0.001), diastolic blood pressure (P=0.003), waist circumference (P=0.004) and triglycerides (P=0.009) except HDL-C (P=0.08). There is significant relationship between parity and metabolic syndrome (P=0.05)Conclusion: Increasing in parity is associated with increasing in FBS, BP, TG and WC and metabolic syndrome. Therefore, control and reduction of pregnancies should not be disregarded.

Background and Objective: Multiple sclerosis is a chronic disease that involves central nervous system. This disease which causes incapability in adult happens after traumatic accidents. 7000 cases are added annually to MS patient in Iran. This study was conducted to determine the quality of life and stress coping method among the family member and multiple sclerosis caregivers.Subjects and Methods: 200 cases of family members and caregivers of patient with MS and dependent to Ahvaz MS society enrolled in this descriptive study. Three inanimate questionnaires were used to evaluate the cases.Results: 108 male and 90 eligible female enrolled in this study. The quality of their life was normal physically, psychologically and socioeconomically. Generally, the quality of the males' life was better than the females', especially psychologically. Majority of male and female used normal and good coping method, and we also found a direct and statistically significant correlation between the level of education and the quality of life among the caregivers.Conclusion: Higher level of quality of life among the caregiver with higher level of education and use of suitable stress coping method among them, revealed the necessity of socio-economical supports and contour programs for educating family members and caregiver of patient with multiple sclerosis, especially for caregiver with lower level of knowledge and education.

Background and Objectives: Lycopene is one of the most potent antioxidants. It is a red, fat soluble pigment found in certain plants and microorganisms. Several studies have demonstrated the ability of lycopene to protect the cells from ionizing radiation induced damage, however, the mechanisms involved are remained to be clear. In the present study, we investigated the radioprotective effect of lycopene on g-radiation induced cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in human cultured fibroblasts.Subjects and Methods: In irradiated groups fibroblast cells were irradiated with 1, 2 and 4Gy. In lycopene groups fibroblast cells were pretreated with different concentrations of lycopene (2, 10 and 20uM) then exposed to different doses of gamma radiation. The extent of cytotoxicity was determined by colony formation assay. The level of genotoxicity was detected by analysis of chromosmome breaks.Results: Using colony formation assay, we observed the increase in cell killing with the increase in g-radiation dose (1, 2 and 4Gy). Pre-treatment with lycopene (2, 10 and 20mM) restored the cell survival, suggesting that lycopene can protect the cells from killing by ionizing radiation. Similarly, lycopene significantly diminished the level of chromosome and chromatid breaks induced by gamma radiations. The maximum protection of fibroblast cells was observed at 10mM of lycopene pretreatment.Conclusion: Data showed that pretreatment with lycopene reduced the level of cell killing and chromosomal breaks and this protecive activity was dependent on the concentration of lycopene. Our finding indicate that lycopene protects human cells from radiation-induced genomic instability, and can reduce the cancerogenic effect of ionizing radiation.