Jundishapur Scientific Medical Journal
Year:2017 | Volume:16 | Issue:1 |Papers Count:15

Tuberculosis is one of the most important causes of humans mortality in the worldwide; The emergence of drug-resistant Mycobacterium Tuberculosis strains and increasing of HIV patients make difficult control of tuberculosis. Drug susceptibility test have important role in identification patients with drug resistance TB; Synchronous application of phenotypic and molecular methods together are a best strategies for identification and prevention spread of drug resistance Mycobacterium Tuberculosis strains between peoples.

Background and Objective: Diabetes mellitus (DM) leads to dysfunction of various organs such as auditory system. Hearing acuity assessment at conventional pure tone auditomery (PTA) frequencies showed variable results in diabetic patients, and has not enough sensitivity for detection of early phases of hearing loss in these cases. This study aims at establishing high frequency audiometry (HFA) as a useful tool in identifying early onset of hearing loss in individuals with DM.Subjects and Methods: During an analytical cross-sectional study, 30 non-diabetic patients (control group) and 30 individuals with DM type 2 in the age range of 20–50 years were participated. Subjects in both groups underwent conventional PTA (250-8000 Hz), and HFA (10000-16000 Hz).Results: We found no statistically significant difference in thresholds of PTA and at 250-4000 Hz frequencies between two groups (P>0.05); only at 8000 Hz this difference was meaningful. In the diabetic subjects the thresholds of HFA was significantly increased at 10 to 16 kHz frequencies compared to the thresholds of HFA for normal hearing (P<0.05). We found a positive correlation between fasting blood sugar level and degree of hearing loss in diabetic group (r=0.77). Conclusion: Our findings revealed that regardless of normal hearing sensitivity at conventional audiolometric range, diabetic patients showed bilateral mild hearing loss during HFA assessment. Hence this present study emphasis the clinical utility of HFA for early identification of hearing loss in adults with DM.

Background and Objective: Sport activity and the type of training are factors that effect on immune system. The aim of the present study is to compare Immunoglobulins (IgA, IgG, IgM) and cortisol serum response following resistance (RE) and High Intensity Interval Exercises (HIIE).Subjects and Methods: Ten elite volunteer karatekas (mean ± SD; aged 22.1±2.76 years, height 175.8±5.43 cm, weight 74.3±9.06 kg, body mass index 23.9±2.08 kg/m2, body fat 16.36±4.42 percent, maximal oxygen uptake58.77±2.47 ml/kg.min) participated in the semi-experimental study. Subjects initially performed a single bout of RE with 85 to 95% of one repetition Maximum (1RM) and two weeks later they did a single bout of HIIE with 85 to 95% of maximum heart rate reserve (MHRR). Blood sampling was taken before and immediately after each exercise. kolmogorov smirnov test (KS test), paired sample t-test and analysis of variance(ANOVA) for 2x2 repeated measurements were used. The p-value was defined as p≤0.05. Results: Although HIIE caused a significant increase in cortisol (P=0.035) and IgM (P=0.045) levels. However a significant decrease was observed in IgA (P=0.002) and IgG (P=0.001) levels following this exercise. A significant increase in cortisol (P=0.024) and a significant decrease in IgA (P=0.047), IgG (P=0.004) and IgM (P=0.0046) was observed following RE.Conclusion: It seems that HIIE can be considered as an immune system amplifier.

Background and Objective: The immune system is one of the most important systems in the health setting that influenced by several factors. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of six weeks of continuous and interval training on some indicators of immune system in healthy non-athlete males.Subjects and Methods: Among all healthy non-athlete male students of Islamic Azad University of Ahvaz branch, 30 students were selected by randomly sampling style and divided into two groups of 15 persons (continuous and intervaltraining groups). Anthropometry indicators, body mass index, and aerobic capacity (Vo2max) were evaluated at the first session. Interval training group performed of five periods 3-minute exercises on a cycle ergometer with 80% VO2max of intensity and continuous training consisting of a 30-minute of continuous trainingon a cycle ergometer with 60% VO2max of intensity for 6 weeks (Three times a week). Blood sample were taken before and 24 hr after training to analysis indicators of immune system. Results: Data analysis indicated that a significant difference was found between number of neutrophils in two groups (P<0.05). However, no significant differences between number of leukocytes, lymphocytes, eosinophils, monocytes and basophils in continuous and interval training groups (P>0.05). Conclusion: According to this results, can be concluded that, Whereas significant decrease or increase the number of leukocytes may create risks of inflammation or infection, therefore the training can effect in health of immune and cardiovascular system by maintain the immune function indicators.

Background and Objective: In the recent decades the Monte Carlo simulation in the field of radiation therapy has been used a lot. In this study photon contamination of Lead free and flexible internal shield was investigated in the electron field.Subjects and Methods: To evaluate photon contaminationthat caused by this new material in the electron field by Mont Carlo study. Varian 2100 C/D was validated within measurement and then by given energy spectrum shield thickness and photon contamination were obtained and compared to those of lead. Results: The results show that this material required 1.2 times thickness of those leadfor providing protection. In addition, it causes photon contamination approximately equal those of lead for energy 6 and 9 MeV.Conclusions: It can be concluded that thickness of specific combination (70% W, 18.61% Ni, 11.39% c) which has equal transmission same as lead caused photon contamination equal those of Lead that it can be acceptable under clinical condition.

Background and Objective: The output factor is an important factor in calculating the dose in the treatment of cancer patients with Megavoltage photon beams. Since in the most cases, the treatment field is asymmetric, therefore the calculation of this factor is very important. Subjects and Methods: Measurements were done for Siemens Primus Plus accelerator, Golestan Hospital using Farmer ionization chamber 6cc. The output factors was measured for the symmetric fields and calibration curves were plotted for collimator scatter factor. For each symmetric square field, many asymmetrical fields were defined. Using analysis and comparison with measured values for Siemens Linac, a tuning parameter was calculated for each symmetric square field. Then, the tuning parameter was applied to calculate collimator scatter factor for the corresponding asymmetric field. Finally the calculation results were compared with experimental values.Results: The tuning parameter for the two symmetric fields 30×30 and 25×25 were 0.452±0.001 and 0.481±0.001 respectively. Taking into account this tuning parameter for asymmetric fields, the maximum percentage difference between calculated and measured results, was 0.7%.Conclusions: Results indicate a reduction in the asymmetric collimator scatter factor relative to the symmetrical field. In addition, with increase in distance from center of symmetry, it becomes more significant decline. Also according to the calibration curve, the equivalent square field side for every asymmetric field can be obtained.

Background and Objective: Salmonellosis is one the most important zoonotic infectious disease. Salmonella enteritidis is one of the most prevalent serotypes that cause gastroenteritis in human. Epidemiological studies and molecular typing of Salmonella strains could improve infectious disease prevention strategies and control measures. The purpose of the present study was evaluation of genetic diversity of Salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis isolated from human samples by ERIC-PCR method.Subjects and Methods: In this cross sectional study, Salmonella strains were isolated from patients referred to health centers in Kerman. Enteritidis strains was identified by standard microbiological, biochemistry and serotyping methods. Molecular typing of strains was evaluated by ERIC-PCR method.Results: Forty eight of isolated samples were identified as S. enteritidis. ERIC-PCR analysis differentiated strains into 13 clusters (E1-E13). Eighteen strains (37.5%) with the same pattern were clustered in E9 and E13.Conclusion: The results showed that Salmonella enteritidis strains are genetically heterogeneous and could be attributed to diverse ERIC clusters. The results demonstrated that ERIC-PCR is a proper approach for genotypic discrimination of S. enteritidis isolates.

Background and Objective: Distribution of dose depends on the treatment field and the presence of multiple collimators sheet at the direction of the photons. The aim of this study is evaluating and comparing the effects of the presence and absence of electrons contamination on the dose distribution with the use of computed tomography.Subjects and Methods: Varian linear accelerator (2100 C / D) was simulated with Primo and BEAMnrc codes for photon with 5.9 MV nominal energy. This study was done for 15 patients with eyes tumor undergoing single field photon therapy.Results: The maximum depth dose treatment volume aggregation in the presence and the absence of electrons contamination was occurred at 1.3cm3 and 2cm3, respectively.Differential dose volume histogram concluded 80% of total dose in the presence and absence of electrons, 90%±0.5 and 80%±2 of the eye volume covered, respectively.Conclusion: The main goal of radiation therapy is delivering the highest dose to the planning treatment volume and minimal radiation dose to organs at risk. In this case, the percent of the eye and treatment volume which taken 80% and 90% dose has 10% reduction and 5% increased by removing electrons contamination, respectively.

Background and Objective: To study the effect of tooth preparation on marginal adaptation of all-ceramic crown designed by the CAD/CAM system.Subjects and Methods: Twenty master dies (height: 7 mm, Ø: 5mm, conicity: 10o) with different finish lines (chamfer 50o finish line 0.8 mm depth) and (shoulder 90 degree with rounded axiogingival internal line angel 1mm depth) were manufactured. Ten impressions were made from each master die using Vinyl polysiloxane. Impressions were poured in type IV dental stone, and 20 ceramic crowns were subsequently milled with cad cam. The crowns were fixed on their respective metallic die using a metallic fixation device. The marginal discrepancy was measured at 60 points on the respective metallic die by using stereomicroscope. The data were analyzed using ANOVA and t test (P<0.05).Results: Significant difference was observed between marginal discrepancy of 2 groups (chamfer: 75.595±2.119 micron, and shoulder: 81.656±2.127 micron, P>0.05). Marginal design with chamfer is better than shoulder. In shoulder design significant difference was observed between buccal surface and mesial surface, mesial surface and lingual surface P<0.05 no significant between other surface In chamfer design significant different was observed between buccal and lingual surface, distal and lingual surface, mesial and distal surface P>0.05 no significant different was observed between other surface.Conclusion: Marginal discrepancy at the shoulder design is more than chamfer design and the T test was shown significant marginal gap in shoulder design preparation versus chamfer design preparation.

Background and Objective: According to the importance of eating habits and the risk of obesity in dental caries, this study aimed to assess the relationship between dental caries with unhealthy eating habits and Body Mass Index (BMI) in kindergarteners aged4-6 years old in Ahvaz.Subjects and Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive study, 359 samples of male and female4-6 year-old kindergarteners were randomly collected. The questionnaires included general information and 59-itemed food frequency questionnaire was used to determine dietary habits. BMI Index and decayed, missing, filled, total (dmft) were measured. Data were analyzed using SPSS software.Results: A significant positive correlation between DMFT and BMI (r=0.512, p<0.001) was observed. A significant positive correlation between dental caries and chocolate milk and flavored milk CONSUMED (r=0.13, p=0.016) fat (r=0.12, p=0.027) was observed.Conclusion: The findings of the study showed that increasing in the BMI range would increase the risk of dmft. Chocolate milk, flavored milk and fat consumption showed a correlation with increasing the risk of dmft.

Ricin toxin is a disulfide-linked heterodimeric glycoprotein consisting of the toxic A chain and the cell-binding B chain that acts through the irreversible inactivation of eukaryotic ribosomes and inhibition of the polypeptide chain elongation, which finally leads to cell death. The toxin is extracted from castor plant beans (Ricinus communis) and it consists of 1–5% of the beans’ dry weight. Ricin is of concern in the area of biodefense because it is readily available to individuals or groups with little technical expertise or funding and its source is ubiquitous in the weed and in the cultivated crop in many countries. Since ricin can easily be distribute in the body, it has been classified by the CDC (US center for Disease Control and Prevention) as a class B biothreat. There has been much investigation on the diagnosis, treatment and production of a potent vaccine against this agent. For diagnosis of ricin poisoning in clinical cases, immunological techniques have been used for screening of samples and combination of high tech chromatographic and mass spectrometric methods could be used for poisoning confirmative analysis. There is currently no specific treatment available for poisoning with ricin but two closely related RTA-based subunit vaccines, contain RiVax and RVEc, are now under development. The aim of this study is presentation of ricin toxin, diagnosis methods, treatment and new vaccine candidates against it.

Parkes Weber syndrome is an uncommon congenital condition that leads to arteriovenous and cutaneous capillary malformations such as fistulas occur with skeletal or soft tissue hypertrophy. In this report, we presented the features of speech and language in the case of a 7-year-old girl with Parkes Weber syndrome that obtained via interview with her parents and clinical observation. The vocabulary size of a child was less than fifty words and her mean length of utterance was about two. Also, there were some articulation errors such as omission and distortion, in her speech. It seems that, child' s speech and language delays and disorders, were not only because of the syndrome but also because of post-natal problems like seizures, jaundice and hypoxia. The aim of this case report is the investigation of speech and language characteristics of a patient with Parkes Weber syndrome.