BAGH-E NAZAR
Year:2019 | Volume:15 | Issue:69 |Papers Count:9

Statement of Problem: The confrontation of restoration and truth oriented to the problem of time is investigated in this article. With the erosion of the work in the environment based on the type of inorganic or organic matter, a question arises for the restorer, how is the truth evaluated in the worn-out work? The challenge of the existence of the work in the past, or its current state of deterioration as a truth, is a problem which the restoration always faces, and responding to it by time analysis can determine the approach and the selection of conservation method for the work’ s survival. Objective: The current study aims to create a time oriented theory for determining the position of the truth of the work as an entity in the present or the past. Research method: In this research, truth has been studied based on the theories of time, with the theoretical foundations of phenomenology. Accordingly, the truth hidden in the mask of the material of the work related to the human existence, and from other aspects, the truth as the existence of the work in the past or its current condition in the present has been discussed. Conclusion: With the phenomenological view, the dependence of truth on the human existence gives to the work a protective status. In addition, the theory proposed in this article determines the truth of the work as an existence in the present or past, based on time theories and can create the theoretical foundations for selecting suitable restoration methods to optimally protect and maintain the work. By accepting the theory of dynamic time, there is no past; there is only present time, and the truth consists in the entire existence of the work in the present, not a thing left in the past, that, by eliminating the surface layers of the work, the restoration pursuits it; the totality of the existence of the work in the present is conserved and maintained for transmission to the future. In the theory of static time, with a chronological look at time, there is past, and the truth of the work is its past. With a reference to valid documentation, the existence of the past of the work is restored in the present.

In spite of many researchers’ viewpoints who regard honored custom1 eulogy2 deed of Iranian culture as originated from flattery3 blamed deed and related to achieving material interests in the king’ s court, it seems that there existed a mysterious look at the glorification4 face meaning the highest level of holiness for honored custom of ancient societies in the court of Iranian governmental superiors and probably this mysterious face and hidden face in the visual system such as the ancient petro graphs remains and painting schools of Islamic period has been reflected. The present study is an attempt to both investigate the theoretical fundamentals of the honored custom historically and find a reply to this question “ how can we deal with the reading of glorification face in honored custom eulogy of Iranian culture using implied conformity of glorification face and flattery in the two samples of ancient time petro graphs and Islamic period painting? ” Studying and clarifying glorification face and separating it from flattery attributed to honored custom eulogy while paying attention to its visual repercussion in the Islamic and ancient period of Iranian culture in parallel with eulogy implied meanings5. Exploiting a historical research method based on documentary method in relation to describing Iranian culture related to the honored custom eulogy deed and intertextuality6 reading on two artworks based commands of Roland Barthes7 semantics system for the purpose of implied interpretation for glorifying praising poems8 in the theoretical fundamentals method to the ideology governing on honored custom eulogy culture based on intertextuality approach...

Quranic discourse of miniature requires understanding the relationship between the text (Quran) and miniatures. Semiotics reveals the meaningful relationships of miniatures by discovering the relationship of signs with each other. Accordingly, the most important questions of the present research are: How did the counter-discourse or divine support mentioned in the Quran appear in the miniature of the two Prophets? And what pictorial relations reflect the Quranic discourse meaning? Aim: This study is an attempt to show how the meaning is received in a pictorial narrative provided by miniature; because divine counter-discourse is analyzable in miniatures of Prophets. Methodology: This study used discourse semiotics analysis as methodology and data were collected from available sources and two miniatures were selected from an English catalogue titled “ Falnama” prepared by Masoumeh Farhad. Results: The results of this study can be summarized as follows: 1. Discourse semiotics establishes a relationship between Quranic concepts and miniature. 2. Divine support from a Prophet is identified not only by presenting a miracle, but also divine support could appear in a dark prison or through swallowing by a whale. In this semantics, the conflict between the dark and halo around the head of the Prophet, the contradiction between the plans, the action and connection of the angels’ hands with Prophet Jonah, the rotating composition and etc. are involved in understanding the interfacing factor.

A statement of the Problem: One of the richest sources of Iranian art is the miniature painting in which the use of beautiful and well-designed motifs are abundantly visible in the form of geometric, abstract or naturalistic motifs, and such motifs can also be seen in different branches of this art, including illumination and Shepherd. The illustrated version of Jami’ s Haft Awrang, illustrated in the 16th century A. D. is one of the most famous and valuable manuscripts of the Safavid period. Research Objectives: The present study aimed at analyzing the illumination designs used in the images of the Haft Awrang and also examining their features such as form, color, place of application and the way these designs have been used. Methodology: Data collection has been conducted with reference to written sources and the obtained data has been examined using a descriptive-analytical method. Research questions:-What are the qualities of designs and motifs in the images of Haft Awrang?-How is the use and method of Illumination in the illustrated version of the Haft Awrang? Conclusion: The results indicate that the illumination motifs used in Haft Awrang images, mostly include Palmette flowers and Khatayi designs as well as combined Khatayi and Arabesque designs have been most frequently used in the illumination patterns of this illustrated manuscript. Illumination designs have been depicted on the surfaces of buildings, tile works, domes, carpets and rugs and occasionally in humans’ clothing and animal coverlets. Also, these designs have played a significant role in promoting the decorative glory of the images and adjusting the composition of the paintings. The plurality of the designs and decorative motifs in this illustrated manuscript represents the decorative arts of the Safavid period and provides the virtuosos with a comprehensive collection of Iranian decorative motifs in one of the most flourishing periods in Iranian history of art.

Statements of problem: The presence of people in urban areas with the aim of “ being in space” is one of the components of the vitality of urban spaces, Which leads to the promotion of social relationships, the increase of natural security, the sense of belonging to the place by increasing the possibility of occurrence of individual and collective memories and reducing crime in the city. Goal: The purpose of the present research is to explain the forms of occurrence and patterns of behavior in urban spaces. By studying one of the important urban spaces of Tehran, Tajrish Square, we try to provide a comprehensive analysis based on the recognition of behavior patterns in this urban space. The main question of this research is about the relation of various dimensions of urban space with the formation of behavioral patterns. Research method: For the analysis of urban spaces, Tajrish Square has been selected as an urban space with a high level of actions and diverse activities. Qualitative analysis and observation using behavioral mapping techniques, interviews, and photo analysis were conducted to assess the status and to answer the research questions. Conclusion: In this research prove that various behavioral patterns including walking, standing and sitting is under the influence of three main components of functional-activity, environmental-physical and cultural-social. Behavioral patterns are heavily influenced by land use and presenting of amenities in urban spaces encourages citizens to develop different behavioral patterns.

The art and artist play an important role in the conservation of values, human goals and showing social wishes and behaviors. Works of art affected by social and cultural events are important actors. If these works are introduced and investigated in the semiology studies of arts, they can improve the explanation enrichment and achievements of this kind of researches. Also, they can increase the knowledge and understanding of cultural and artistic domains of society. The presented is an attempt to answer the following question: How one could achieve the study and analysis of a work of art through semiology studies and meaning generative flow method and reach its hidden trueness and concepts? It is assumed that such studies lead to a better understanding of society’ s art and culture. This could be achieved by considering the dominant discursive systems and notational style and properties of the works. The aim of this research is to evaluate and identify sign elements of chosen works, in order to obtain the background and hidden meaning aspects in different layers and to demonstrate how the acts and relationships of different elements can form an interactive and meaningful discourse. The research is a descriptive-analytic strategy in nature. To this purpose, works with social content were selected. In addition to study the theoretical aspect, this method investigates the most important backgrounds of the production of these works’ concepts in the meaning generative flow process based on the Greimas study pattern. It also covers the appearance of meaning in the text through signs, elements relations and the study and analysis of deep structures. The research results show that artistic discourses and different oppositional relation can be analyzed using a semiological perspective and generative trajectory of meaning and find out their semantic significations. Also, discovering hidden concepts in the works could lead to a better and more conscious knowledge of society and its evolutions. Data were gathered from available resources in the mass media.