PEYKE NOOR JOURNAL
Year:2006 | Volume:4 | Issue:3 (PHYSICAL EDUCATION)|Papers Count:14

The purpose of this research was to evaluate The effect of a given specific plyometric training program on the length, frequency of strides and different stages of running 100 meters (accelerating, peak speed, speed retaining).For this research, 24 physical education male students, with average ages of 20±2 year, height of 173.83±6 cm and weight of 66.87±8 kg from 104 students of Imam Ali Physical Education school voluntarily attended at the exercises. The volunteers randomly divided into control and training groups. The training group practiced given polymetric trainings for eight weeks (three sessions per week, each session 30 minutes) and then began ordinary speed racing exercises. The Control group practiced technical training of speed racing for eight weeks and then, along with test group, began ordinary speed racing exercises.The volunteers did the pre-test and post-test. A video camera has been used for measuring the average stride length of volunteers and counting the stride numbers in 40 to 60 meters racing. For calculating the stride frequencies, the recorded number of strides in first 10 meters was divided to related time period. Different stages of 100 meters running included: 1. First accelerating time (first 10 meters); 2. Second accelerating time (10 to 40 meter); 3. Peak speed time (40 to 60 meter); 4.Speed retaining time (60 to 100 meter). The volunteers did pre-test and post-test of long jump and reaction jump. For data analyzing, the statistical method of t student of dependent and indepenent variable and the SPSS 10 software were used. A certain area of 95% and a=0.05 were chosen for accepting or rejecting of assumptions.The research results showed that: 1. The length and frequency of Test group’s strides have significantly more improvement comparing to Practice group; 2. Advancement of racing records, first accelerating time and speed retaining time of test group was significantly better than Control group (p<0.05); 3. The second accelerating time and peak speed time of both groups improved but the Control group timings were better than test group; 4. The increase in long jump and reaction jump records of test group post-testing was significantly more than Control group records (p<0.05); 5. Advancement of 100 meter running records, of Test group was significantly better than Control group (p<0.05).

The purpose of this research was to study the effect of short term simultaneous creatine and resistant training program supplementation on non-competitive athletes’ power to perform bench press. For this reason, 24 non-competitive students took part in this study volunterily from university of Kurdistan.Maximal power of bench press of the subjects as well as their weights were measured through the pre-test. Then the subjects were divided into two groups of creatine (12 persons) and placebo (12 persons) randomly.Both groups trained under a resistant program using the same facility and condition for six days. The only difference was that the creatine group took estimately 20gr creatine mono Hydrate in a day (0.3 gr for each kg of body weight), but the placebo group took 5gr wheat flour (apparently similar to creatine).After passing six days maximal power of bench press of the subjects and their weights were measured by a post - test in the same condition of pre-test.The data was analyzed by using independent T and dependent T tests. The results showed: - The short term simultaneous creatine and resistant training program supplementation had no effects on the subjects’ power of bench press (P=0.082).- One phase of short term selected resistant training program had no effects on the subjects’ power of bench press (P=0.082).- There was no significant difference between the power of bench press of subjects belonging to creatine and placebo groups (P=1).- The short term simultaneous creatine and resistant training program supplementation had an effect on the subjects’ weight (P=0.000).- One phase of short term selected resistant training program had an effect on the subject’s weight (P=0.013).- There was a significant difference between the subjects’ weight belonging to creatine and placebo groups (P=0.005).

The prupose of this research is "the evaluation of the relationship between anthropometric characteristics and motor performance in 6-8 years-old male students having kindergarten experience and without having kindergarten experience in Arak city in 1383-84 school years". The method used in this research is correlation or association and causal comparative. The statistical population are students who are in first, second and third grade of the primary school in district 1 and 2 of Arak who were approximately 24, 454 in number.Using cluster random sampling, 105 students were finally selected and from this number, 52 students had experienced and 53 students had not experienced the kindergarten.Imformation is collected by means of a questionnaire prepared by the researcher and established for selection of test with validity and appropriateness of content. To measure anthropometric features and motor performance tests devices such as dressing meter, scale, and 60 cm calipers are used.Analysing and interpreting the collected data is provided in two levels, i.e., descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage, average and standard deviation) and inference statistics (independent t, Pearson coefficient correlation). The research findings showed that there is a meaningful relationship between some of anthropometric measures and motor performance in student who experience kindergarten and those who don’t experience kindergarten. This research showed that there is not a significant difference between children’s anthropometric characteristics and motor performance that have experienced kindergarten and those who haven’t experienced it.

Man needs correct postural in order to perform his activity easily and correctly. Spinal column has the most important role in keeping the proportional arrangement of different parts of the body, because it protects the spinal cord and supports the skeletal body. Any change in spinal column will lead to different positions in the body.Caring about deformities of spinal column and their causing factors, along with correcting movements will eliminate those deformities and decrease injuries.The present research is the study of spinal posture of pregnant women, before and after childbirth, to offer corrective exercises. Among 102 women who refered to Afzalipoor Clinic in Kerman (from Ordibehesht to Tir 1384, 30 women were selected randomly.We compared their spinal posture, before and after delivery, by t- student formula to find a relationship between position of spinal column and age, and weight of Pearson correlation coefficient.Results shows: After delivery there is a significant difference between lumbar spine. There is not a significant difference in pregnant women’s lumbar kyphosis in pre-partum and post-partum.But there is a significant difference in their lumbar lordosis, before and after delivery.

There is a critical need for management and leadership in all social and economical fields. Those who are responsible for the organizations have come to the conclusion that in order to achieve the maximum effectiveness in managing the organization one should use new information and ideas.This research aims at the investigation of the relationship between the leadership styles and the degree of the effectiveness of the managers of the Physical Education Departments in Fars Province. The research method is descriptional-analytical one, implemented in the field. The stalistical population is the administrators and deputies of the PE centers of Fars. The needed information was gathered by means of the standard and normalized questionnaire of Blanchard Institute, and was analyzed by means of SPSS software. This questionnaire has already been used for PHD dissertation with high validity sufficient in Iranian community.The results of the research shows a significant relationship between different leadership styles and the managers’ effectiveness. There is no significant relationship between the age of testees and the chosen leadership. There is not any significant relationship between the testees’ records and the chosen leadership style. There is no significant relationship between the testees’educational level and the chosen leadership style.

The aim of this reaserch was to study and compare the personal creativity barriers of physical education teachers as the essentiol elements in sport and health development of students. For this porpuse, 120 physical education teachers of Neyshabour City (73 males and 57 females) were asked to answer to the Pfeiffer (1990) questionnaire for the personal creativity barriers in which these barriers are grouped into six categories. The results indicated the following: There is no significant difference between males and females due to personal creativity barriers. For both males and females the category related to self confidence and risking has the least effect. The males have the most problem in barriers related to using organized analysis and females have the most problem in barriers related to physical environment. For females we found that as the age or experience increases, the effect of abstract thoughts factor increases, too. In males by increasing the experience, the barriers related to successful achievement find more affectivity. For males increasing the age or experience increases and education decreases the effect of self confidence and risking factor. Also we found that as the age or experience increases, the effect of physical environment problem increases in males.

This study was conducted to compare the effect of physical, mental and physical-mental practice on ball shooting in basketball. For this reason, 60 students of Tehran University were selected and divided to three groups. One group did physical training, 2nd group did mental rehearsal and the 3rdgroup did physical-mental training. The findings showed that all of these methods have significant effect on ball shooting skill. But there is no significant difference between groups.

The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of selected plyometric training on anaerobic power of boys of 13 and 14. To this aim 24 male gymnasts of 13-14 years of age with at least 2 years of training in gymnastics are chosen and randomly assigned to two groups. The control group did the routine gymnastic training, but the experimental group did, in addition to routine training, selected plyometric training for 8 weeks, 3 times a week during two macrocycles. This study is performed using pre and post-test procedure. The Lewis Nomogram and sargent jump tests are used to measure the anaerobic power. The analysis of the data indicates;1. The effect of routine gymnastic training on the anaerobic power of boys of 13 and 14 is significant (P=0.01).2.The effect of combined training (routine and plyometric) on the anaerobic poweris significant (P=0.001).3. The combined training (routine and plyometric) increases the anaerobic power more compared with routine gymnastic training.

The present article tries to investigate the effects of the maximal standard test on the electrolytes of the runner’s blood before and after a two-month period of exercise. This research is a semi-experimetal one with 15 participators as runners. All of them were male runners who had taken part as volunteers. The results showed that the change of electrolytes depends on the time and the intensity of the exercise. Great changes in the viscosity of electrolytes can cause damage to the performance as well as to the body.

The basic aim of this research is the comparing of the types of skeletal abnormalities of the upper part of the body in three body types (ectomorph, mezomorph and endomorph), as well as the comparison between the rate and type of these abnormalities in public and private schools. To this purpose, 180 students were randomly seleted as the statistical population. The information was collected by means of the body examination with the help of checkered sheet, slides, and the adaptation to standard norm based on New York ten tests.According to the research results, 91.6 percent of the students had, at least, one of these ten abnormalities. Those with the ectomorph group, consisting 37.7 percent of the whole abnormalities, were the group with the most abnormalities. The endomorph group, with 25.1 percent, were the second one.Moreover, the abnormalities in public school (51.4 percent) were more than of the private school, with 40.2 percent.The result showed that there was significant relation between ectomorph body types with scoliosis abnormalities and neck lordosis, kyphosis and chest fossa (a<0.05), and also between endomorph body type with lumbar lordosis and stomachptosis (a<0.05), toricolls (a<0.01), scoliosis (a<0.05) and neck, lordosis (a<0.05) abnormalities. In this research, we applied two ways such as descriptive and deduction statistics of kai-2 square Test by SPSS software.

Doing works with facility and accuracy needs a natural body position, so diagnosing the skeletal deformities and correcting them is very important and essential. This research was done for studying the rate of skeletal deformities on boy Firoozkuh Technical School and measuring the relation of their physical exercises routine life habits and workshop lessons with such deformity. So 244 students with the average height of 172.6 cm and average weight of 64.57 kg and 16-21 of age were asked to take part in this research. As a sample of statistic, they were divided into two groups; one having workshop lessons and the other one without that.After justifying the groups, they were asked to answer a questionnaire (with questions about their routine life habits and their exercises and sport activities). Next, their height, weight, and deformities were measured with measuring tools (such as measuring tape, scales, checkered screen, mirror frame, caliper, straight edge, etc…). Then by descriptive statistic methods, information and data obtained, classified, and inscribed in tables and graphs. To define the relation between data, kai-square method was used on 95% assuredness level and a=5% and number of significance that SPSS10 software defined it.Consequently, among 244 sample, 89.3% had deformity which 42.6% of them belonged to the first group and 46.7% belonged to the second group.Among different deformities, "genu valgus" with 64.7% and “turn in foot" with 16% had maximum and minimum frequency, respectively. As for the upper part of the body, maximum and minimum of frequency belonged to "scoliosis" and "flat back" with %61.5 and %8.6. Relation between not having workshop lessons and deformity was significant. Relation between body form and "genu valgus" flat and wide sole, and relation between age and scoliosis, "flat back", "hallus valgus" deformities and relation between exercise with "lordosis", "emerged stomach" and "genu valgus" deformities were significant.Relation between height and "neck lordosis", "scoliosis" and "kyphosis" deformities, relation between weight and "genu valgus” and "varus" deformities and relation between dominant hand (i.e.being right or left handed) with down shoulder deformity and relation between types of sleeping pillow and "curved neck" deformity were significant.

In order to study how the Rasht students pass their leisure times, from the present cultural and athletic facilities through a measuring study and base on a questionnaire that was gathered after completion by students, and then the data were derived and by means of statistical indexes square root of K was analyzed, and the result shows that 75% of examination society, believe in the effectiveness of leisure times in their routines improvement, 69% of examination society are dissatisfied with the athletic facilities in their leisure times, 62% do not use the library because of the far distance and the lack of its space, 68% announced that educational departments have limited plans for their leisure times, 72% of students announced that they cannot participate in athletic programs of physical educational departments in their leisure times, because of the loss of money, 76% refer to “not having the athletic locations in localities” as major reason not going through physical activities in their leisure times, 69% know physical exercises as most favorite case in leisure times.The findings presumptive analysis represents that there is a meaningful relevance between students satisfaction or dissatisfaction rate of the way.They pass their leisure times and existence or non-existence of athletic facilities, also among present athletic facilities and the passage of student’s leisure times in the way being with friends and walking through the streets and parks.