JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES
Year:2001 | Volume:11 | Issue:39|Papers Count:15

This research project was aimed at construction of a scale for measuring self-actualization. The reliability and validity of the developed scale was also assessed. Subjects who took part in the scale construction phase of the study consisted of 456 female and male undergraduate students at Ahwas Islamic Open University, selected by a stepwise random method of sampling. The sample completed a preliminary questionnaire consisting of 89 items pertaining to the personality characteristics of self-actualization. Factor analysis of the data yielded a 25-item scale entitled Ahwas Self-actualization Inventory (ASAI). Test-retest reliability and internal consistency of ASAI were found to be very satisfactory. Relatedly, the validity of ASAI was also examined by concurrent administration of ASAI and the following scales: ANQ (for assessing anxiety), Coopersmith (for assessing selfesteem), and Beck (for assessing depression). Since results of this study indicate that ASAI is a very reliable and valid scale, it appears.. that this scale could be used in psychological researches and identification of self-actualized persons.

This research aims to study public libraries in the province of Kurdestan and evaluate them according to the nine quantitative measures devised by Dayyani (1995). The results of the study revealed the weaknesses and strengths of public libraries in Kurdestan, thus, indicating directions for future movemments. The study also pointed out the problems encountered by these libraries. The correlation among the nine criteria were calculated and the strongest and the weakest correlations were identified. The results of this study show that the public libraries of Kurdestan, in general, fall within grades 5 and 4 of libraries as compared with Dayyani s measures. The study recommends that the public libraries of Kurdestan must enhance measures such as buildings, number of members, number of shelves and chairs. It is also recommended that the libraries must take measures in the following areas: lack of professional librarians, training librarians, introducing new information technologies, job security and rate of salary as well as allowances, reconstructing library buildings, purchasing equipment, cataloging and classification, development of their collections based on users needs, up-to-date resources, audio-visual materials, etc.

Within the constructivistic frame-works, the methodological unity of researching and learning is stressed upon. The present paper is a critical review of a paper written along the same line (Shari atmadari, 1378). Although the reviewed paper contains the important message of unity as well as other valuable " points, it has few shortcomings worthy of being mentioned in order to better relay the basic message. Following an introduction to the subject, the present article describes the way that the topic is addressed by shari atmadari (1378) and then following the introduction of the instrument used for the evaluation, and the method of gathering data, reports findings that indicate shortcomings in both structure and content of the reviewed article as well as a not-so-strong scientific attitude reflected there within. At the end, based on the notion of unity, or at least similarity of researching and learning, suggestions are given as to how to improve the scientific attitude toward education among the future reseachers/educators.

With regard to the increment of the rate of headhousehold women throughout the world and their engagement with economic, social, and psychological problems, the present article first elaborates the concept and the rate of headhousehold women and then discusses their psycho-social problems. In the end, the factors preventing or reducing the pressure and psycho-social harmful effects discussed. The results show that the main problems of headhousehold women appear to be economic problems, feeling in bility in managing economic affairs of family, negative social attitude toward headhousehold woman, concern about the future of kids and role multipity and conflict. In headhousehold women find suitable social supports, learn suitable coping mettods and inner locus of control, then they will endure the possible hurmful effects.

The problem of current is the investigation of the performances of the principals who have graduated in Educational administration with the principals graduated from other majors in Western Azarbaijan Province of Iran. This research includes the sample of 337 high - school teachers, 113 principals graduates of Educational Administration, and 118 principals of the other majors, drawn randomly out of 665 principals and high - School teachers through the province. Research data was collected by the "principals performance evaluation questionnaire" which is used for the same purpose in education system in iran. The data was described and analysed using the tables, t test and X2 The analysed data showed significant difference among the performances of the principals for benefit of those who have graduated from Educational administration Preparation Programs in the university ended with the B.A. degree, not only in overall management job duties, but also in all sub - divisions and fuctions futhermore, the findings indicated that higher performances of the principals, is not for their sex and experiences, but is particularly due to their education, which is supposed to give them abilities and capabilities to perform as educational administration, principals in particular.

Relatively short and fruitful precedence of distance education in light of recent progresses and developmets in commnication technologies has caused distance educators to consider more intensive utilization of those technologies in their endeavors. Use of up to date communiction technologies such as internet could not be limited to instructional and evaluative purposes in open universities. Distance education institutions (such as payameh Noor University) as the sole provider of higher education programs, must move toward identification, initiation, and development of capabilities and potentials of other conventional universities aiming to provide high quality distance education within and outside our country, and should play their role in the culural and instructional development of the rigion. Operational steps of such a role will be discussed and some international experiences in this regard will be scrutinized closely.

In this research the essential role of in and out-of school factors, such as textbooks, teaching methods, and family influence on creativity deyelopment were studied among 2nd year female students in two of the junior high schools of Tehran. The research questions were as follows: 1-Do textbooks contents have influence on students creativity development? 2- Do teachers teaching methods have influence on students creativity development? 3- Do parents child rearing methods have influence on childrens creativity development? Qualitative research methodology was used in this study. Methodological triangulation, including interview, questionnaire, and content analysis were utilized to collect data. The study included twenty students, twelve teachers, and six textbooks. Findings indicated that the authors of textbooks pay little attention to fostering creativity through textbook materials. The findings of the study on teaching methods illustrated that creative teachers as opposed to non-creative ones, use different techniques to stimulate creativity in students, including group discussion, asking stimulating questions, arranging Peer tutoring and assigning research activities. The study of parents child rearing methods, revealed that creative parents consider their childrens abilities and talents, and reinforce their creativity. They were quite optimistic about their childrens future and had a positive view ad concept about their children. Finally, the findings indicated that out of school factors, provide a more suitable situation for creativity development among students compared to in school factors.

The past two decades have seen a growing consensus among personality researchers from different orientations and cultures regarding the existence of a five-factor model of personality known as the "big five" The standard instrument used for the assessment of the five-factor model is the personality Inventory (NEOPIR) developed by Costa and McCrae (1992) which aims at measuring thefive broad factor or domains of Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness, Conscientiousness, and Agreeableness as well as the six facets underlying each domain. The primary aim of this study was to investigate the existence of the ,five-factor model of personality structure in Iranian culture. To this end a Persian translation of the Revised NEO Personality Inventory was prepared To ensure linguistic equivalence of the Persian translation, it was back translated into English by two qualified English teachers. The content validity and cultural relevance of the translation were assessed by qualified local psychologists and the instrument was pre-tested on a group of students. The final version of the test was administered to a representative sample of university students taken from Tabriz and Shiraz Universities. The final sample included 1717 students (930 male and 787 female) aged 18-24 years. In addition to these self-ratings, 200 students were asked to rate one of their friends using the NEO-PI. Separate principal component analyses with varimax rotation were conducted on the intercorrelations of the 30 facet scores of male and female students. These resulted in the extraction of five major factors for both male and female samples which are essentially identical with the big five factors reported by Costa & McCrae and researchers from several other countries. A sixth major factor, with significant loadings was extracted. This sixth factor in total sample and within male groups, and also within the female groups were shown different in one way or the other, which would seem to be rooted in gender related aspects of Iranian culture. This factor is tentatively called "narcissism" Separate analyses for students from the two main sites indicated clear evidence of factorial invariance. The concurrent validity of the Persian form of the NEO-PIwas investigated by comparing self-ratings and peer-ratings of 200 students and its reliability was tested by Cronbachs alpha. Both were found to be acceptably high and very similar to the validity and reliability measures reported for the original instrument.

Well developed Curricula play an important role in the efficiency and effectivenes of the educational objectives. An analysis of the existing literature indicate that the current curricula result in the inactive learning by the students. This article considers the features of the Subject- based and disciplinary Curricular (traditional approach) and identifies their disadvantages and as a result of a comparison and the contrast, it clarifies the distinction features of the integrated curricula and some of their shortcoming. The present article, concludes with the observation that exclusive emphasis on each of the approaches leads to the Problem of Polarity. Thus, in Curriculum development both the disciplinary and indisciplinary experiences, should be taken into consideration.

Educational system of every country fulfills different functions. One of these functions which has to do with the development of aesthetic potentials is called "Art Education". The important of th isfunction lies in the fact that art education has considerable influence on bringing about creativity, emotional and moral development, growth of motor and manipulating skills and development of communication capabilities. However, despite all these major contributions, art education has been marginalized in some countries such as the Iranian educational system. This research aims at reidentifYing, explaining and revitalizing the art education in the education system of Iran, with emphasis on elementary level.

One of the most important principles of education which curriculum planners mst always pay attention to is that the students are supposed to be educated for future, not for the present. This is point that curriculum planners must always consider it as a basic principle in their curriculum develepment. Students should be educated by considering the characteristics of the future times in which they will be living nowsdays one of the best known features in different societies is the moral corruption. So in any societ education is expected to be the first institution that attemps to solve this problem. One of the most improtant factors for solving this problem is the religion curriculum. Therefore the more the religions curriculum is based on the results of scholary research and scientific principles it is more probable to reach an ideal curriculum. The present paper is the result of an attempt to investingating the theoretical basis of ideal religions curriculum. The findings of the paper can be used as a theoretical framweork to extract the main principles for guiding curriculum planners in presenting ideal models. Fourteen characteristics of the organizational culture were taken as independent variables and their relationships with job satisfaction were tested in fourteen sub hypothesis. From total of 1224 teaching staff in Tehran University one hundred and twenty individuals were chosen as the subjects of the study by random sampling. Questionaire was used as the instrument for gathering data. Parametric statistic (Pearson correlation test) was used to test the hypothesis. Direct and meaningfull trlationship was found between organizational culture, and its fourteen characteristics and job satisfaction of teaching staff of Tehran University.

Organizationl culture is defined as "a system of shared values and beliefs that infulence employees behavior ". In unversities, like any other organizations, organizational culture has a profound effect on the job related values beliefs and norms. University teaching staff, like other employees are affected by organizationl culture, one of the factors which has impact an the job satisfaction, is, organizational culture. Therefore the main purpose of this study was "to study organizational culture in Tehran University and its relationship with teaching staffs job satifactions ". The main hypothesis tested in this study was as follows: There is a direct and meaningfull relationship between organizational culture and teaching staffs job satisfaction in Tehran University.