Roshd-e-Fanavari
Year:2011 | Volume:7 | Issue:27|Papers Count:8

This study aims to determine and prioritize effective KM success factors. The first step is to implement KM in STPs. As regards the major goal of science and technology parks is assisting the growth of society wealth through developing knowledge based innovations and intensifying competition among knowledge-based institutions. Assessing knowledge management in science and technology parks will be considered as a substantial tool for creation, development, sharing and linking knowledge to technology. So based on literature studies and experts ideas 31 sub-factors were organized in 7 categories as follows: labor, strategy, supervisor, assessment, culture, operation and information technology. In fact these categories are effective KM success factors which have been weighed and prioritized by utilizing analytic hierarchy process (AHP).The order of effective KM success factors in terms of importance are labor, strategy, supervision, culture, operation, assessment and information technology. Two sub factors with highest influence on KM have been selected among numerous numbers of factors. Finally this model is applied for evaluating nine incubators in Yazd science and technology park.

The trend of increasing competition leads to promotion of technical economy. Cost reduction and quality improvement has been introduced as the necessary basis for survival in global markets.What make this easier and accelerates it, are technical changes and improving efficiency and productivity.On the one hand, technology has a special position in theories of economic growth and has an important role in regard to constraints in economy and optimal use of available resources. Technology is divided into different levels with different features and effects. One of these effects is the differences of efficiency between the different levels of technology that this paper intends to compare; the efficiency of industries with different technologies. For this purpose, data from firms with 10 employees or more from Iran Statistics Center has been used. In this study, the efficiency of industries with various technology levels (high tech industries, medium-tech industries and low tech industries) using data envelopment analysis (DEA) has been measured. Industries with different technologies have different production functions, so in order to estimate production functions of these industries, the method of econometric panel data has been used. Results of the research indicate that managerial efficiency of low technology industries, in comparison with other industries, is lower and also technical efficiency of high technology industries is lower than other industries. However, industries with medium level of technology have appropriate level of technical, technological and managerial efficiency and also scale efficiency.

Today, research and development and related activities to access new technologies in the industrial world have been challenging activities. Although the research and industrial development companies in developed countries have been living for thirty years with increasing importance of R& D continuously, the developing countries recently have realized its importance of technologic products which are produced by R& D units. R& D units were known as Technology pillars and now are unique resources of innovation. That's why creating R& D units and institutes or developing old ones to new effective ones for developing countries are inevitable issues. There are various methods to access the Technologies. One of the most important ones, especially among developing countries, is Reverse engineering which a consciousness method is taken from existing technology. This paper also reviews research background of (R& D) and reverse engineering, simulation software modeling to achieve the most effective parameters and their relationships and offer strategies for optimal per unit R& D and access to technologies of modern. This study contains R & D department of a chemical factory as selected population which is one of the important industrial factories in Iran. Some of the important key factors is considered in R& D unit of this factory include: Number of accomplished projects in R& D unit, System inputs including (primary materials & new need), Expert & Skillful human resources, Versed management of R& D unit, Planning and project control of R& D unit.

Technology transfer is a multi-dimensional phenomenon which has been discussed from scientific, economic and political views not only in developing countries but also in western research institutions for many years. For diminishing the technological gap among advanced and less-developed countries, technology transfer (TT) is a must. TT, depending on the situation of transferor and transferee, is done through different means. Importing products with high technology, tapping foreign technology, and employing international work force are among the most important methods for TT.Among these and the other general methods for doing so, Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) which is usually used by multinational companies, is the main method to access the advanced technologies in industrial countries. FDI usually consists of 3 main elements namely capital, management and technology.All these three elements in order to achieve advancement in developing countries are needed.In this article, having studied the technology transfer and FDI literature and problems of the plastic industry in Iran, 40 affecting variables in 2 main categories were identified. First category known as specialized variables, consists of 8 variables and the other encompasses 32 variables known as general variables. Above-mentioned variables were accommodated in a questionnaire. These questionnaires were distributed among 3 main groups which were active in TT and FDI. These three groups are activist in plastic industry, TT experts and experts in Organization for Investment, Economic & Technical Assistance of Iran. After analyzing the collected data, using exploratory factor analysis technique, 13 main factors were recognized after studying the related literature.

Success in new product development (NPD) projects is a crucial challenge for the past and present managers. Actually researchers have still problems finding the reason for the high rate of failure in such projects. Failure of these projects in small and medium enterprises is a bigger problem compared to large companies. So some of these failures may endanger life of these units and result in the closure of these units. Therefore, in this research the challenges of product development in these companies have been surveyed in particular. For this purpose, opinions of experts and managers of firms in small and medium-size food industries of Fars province have been surveyed and then practical solutions and suggestions have been mentioned. In this study after extensive reviewing of research literature, a series of identified effective challenges and with considering the opinions of managers, significant challenges with degree of their importance within the firms have been mentioned. The results explain that from view of managers of under study, the units in connection with the effective challenges on new product development between the current status and the ideal situation there are significant gaps such as: estimating incorrect suitable market, lack of adequate research and development issues, lack of appropriate and sufficient distribution channels and lack of appropriate advertising for offering new products to the market have been discussed as the challenges.

This paper investigates the role of spin-off companies in the development of academic entrepreneurship at Universities. Increasing attention to the entrepreneurship and the important role of spin off companies in knowledge transfer and technology transfer show the increasingly importance of spin off companies in Iran. Considering the formation and growth of spin-offs companies in the future industrial development and increased income of universities especially in Iran would be a major subject for countries. This paper is a qualitative study shaped based on studied documents, database, technology transfer, spin-offs and entrepreneurship literature. Based on the finding from depth interviews with university experts and founders of academic spin offs this study has been integrated. Based on the collected data, success of the spin off companies strengthens the suitable formed of entrepreneurship team at universities and research institutions. Spin off companies' Entrepreneur founders with the good organizational conditions cause the growth and increased rate of income and employment which will increase attention to entrepreneurship in the universities. This paper has reviewed the enormous changes in universities systems to develop entrepreneurship culture and education in teaching and research activities in universities and has found out that attention to interaction between companies and industry through academic spin off is so vial. At the end if the interaction between the university environment and research organizations with industrial and economic business has been organized, and with effective mechanisms such as creating spin-offs, the results will be more employment and efficiency of sources.

Evaluating the performance of the knowledge-based companies settled in science and technology parks is one of the criteria for determining the success rate of these STPs. Promoting the necessary skills of STP managers through the implementation of real and operational performance assessment systems is the best way to fulfill this goal. The STPs mission could be achieved through an integrated chain from research to production. Removing the gap between scientific/research ideas and products and services, supervising the knowledge-based companies, meeting the actual needs and providing value-added services to the commercialization stage are among the major missions of technology parks. The existence of a model for analyzing the role and the status of effective factors through assessment process is considered as one of the important measures for developing science and technology which has been paid less attention in Iran today. Therefore, there are different items used in assessment procedure including gaining some statistics on technology level, the relationship between the components of science and technology system, the status of intellectual property, cooperation methods between higher education and research centers with industries and organizations, diversity of financial resources and the rate of incomes, attracted investments, the scope of providing services and products, the number of customers and many other factors which are considered in knowledge-based companies as key factors. The present paper intends to investigate and offer the best assessment and effectiveness evaluation model together with the performance of k-based companies obtained from the tacit knowledge through ISTT experiences. The objective is to localize executive processes in accordance with the cultural and social structures in Iran.

Technology is the making, usage, and knowledge of tools, machines, techniques, crafts, systems or methods of organization in order to solve a problem or perform a specific function. It can also refer to the collection of such tools and machinery. One of the key factors of the failure of employing technology to gain competitive advantage in the developing countries firms is the lack of knowledge and understanding of the firm technological capabilities level and using them on the same side of relative advantages. Technological needs assessment is something which is used for the purpose of determining features of which are needed to implement technological priorities. Technological assessment not only identifies weak and problematic areas of the firm, but also takes relative advantages of the firm into consideration and defines them. In this research, we are trying to investigate technological capabilities level of Yasan Steel Structures Co. using technological needs assessment model. This model has evaluated capability level of the firm from 9 aspects, and determines the situation of the firm in each and every one and in order to reduce the existing gap some suggestions are offered. So it is recommended that the company deal in technology & development using foreign relations and gradually furthers to innovative firms. Therefore it will need to make more efforts in terms of innovation and creativity (both in himan resources and budget) so that it can reach a higher level with the help of innovative products.