Year:2002 | Volume:15 | Issue:1 (54 IN ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES)|Papers Count:34

In this study. physico-chemical characteristics of white prawn (penaeus in die us) pond were determined in Behshahre zone (closed to Grogan bay). Samplings have been done at spring and summer in 1999. 52 samples were collected from five stations before sunrise and after sunset hydrochemistry factors such as: Temperature, pH, salinity, nitrogen, phosphorus, DO, BOD5 were determined base on standard method. The result showed that Min. and Max of water temperature, pH, salinity were 24. 1-31.4oc, 8.09-9.21, 33.5-36.9 ppt respectively. The fluctuation concentration DO, BOD5 NH4+/N, NO2 -N, NO3-N, PO43- were 3.48-11.92, 3.08-5.36, 0.082-0.277, 0.001-0.0076, 0.011-0.038, 0.022-0.092 mg/l respectively, during culture period. Finally, with considering two important factors such as: Temperature and salinity and comparing with other prawn culture country (Such as: India, ...), the southern part of Caspian zone is quite suitable for of prawn Penaeus indieus.

After report of animal death and sever dermal damages by one kind of insect in Arasbaran area, specimens of the insect are collected on cows and buffaloes during spring of 1998. Preliminary study on collected specimens in research center of natural resources and animal affairs of east Azarbaijan indicated that, they were belong to Simulium genus of blackflies (Fam. Simuliidae). For complementary identification 11 females of them sent to department of zoology in comennius university of Slovaakia. According to L. Jedlicka studies most of specimens were Simulium margaritae (Rubtsov 1958). Accidents and death in the cause of blackflies happen merely by collectively attack and sever blood sucking of them probably, therefore don't interfere any pathogen in it. Prevalence of simulids and accidents of them are reported for the first time of Arasbaran and Iran.

An attitude of Iranian fishers with the fisheries regulations in the provinces of Khuzestan, Bushehr, and Hormozgan is examined in this study. By using a standard questionnaire and a stratified random sample method, a total of 566 fishermen from three Iranian provinces that lie on the coast of the Persian Gulf were interviewed. The legitimacy variables (outcome and process) that can explain the observed noncompliance with zoning regulation for shrimp fishery were examined. A probit econometric technique was used to estimate the violation decision by Iranian fishermen in the study area. The model was classified into two types: The basic model and the extended model. The results indicated that legitimacy factors determined the violation decision of individual fisher to fish in the prohibited zone. The roles of outcome variables are more important than the process variables in explaining the compliance behavior in the study area. From the economic perspective, legitimacy variables can complement the efficiency goal in any enforcement program by reducing the need for large expenditures on enforcement inputs to secure compliance.

Leptospirosis is probably the most important zoonoses and has been reported from more than half of the world's countries. Leptospirosis is caused by any of the individual servers of Leptospira interrogans, of which there are over 180, grouped with 19 serogroups on the basis of shared antigens. Although many serovars are recognized internationally, only a limited number are endemic to any particular region. Subject of this study is serosurvey for Leptospira interrogans antibodies in suspect cattle flock in Mazandaran province. At this survey 1000 blood samples of suspect cattles were collected in different part of Mazandaran between 1376-1378. Serum of blood samples were titered typing by microaglutination test (MAT). The result of lab. Examination shows that, 116, (11.6%) samples had leptospira antibody titers of 1/100 and above, against three serotypes of leptospira (Icterohaemorragicr -Grippotyphosa-Canicul).

This article investigates the wool quality and quantity of Baluchi sheep breed in Esfehan, Yazd and Kerman provinces in Iran. Approximately 10 grams wool sample was collected from midside region of 130, 43 and 228 sheep between 1-6 years old .from each of these regions respectively. Staple length, fiber type, fiber diameter and coefficient of variation of fiber diameterwere measured. Mean fleece weight and staple length of Baluchi sheep in Esfehan and Yazd provinces were 0.98±0.03, 0.85±0.03kg; 8.6±0.14, 7.18±0.2cm; percentage of true wool, medullated and kemp fibres; mean fiber diameter and coefficient of variation mean fibre diameter in Esfehan, Yazd and Kerman were 81.71±1.3, 79.5±2.2, 81.5±0.94%; 7.8±1.1, 7.2±1.6, 8.7±0.76%; 10.9±0.7, 12.6±1.3, 10.5±0.77%; 26.8±0.3, 25.7±3.1, 28.8±0.2 micron; 42.4±1.7, 37.5±0/4, 36.3±0.2 % respectively. According to these results there were significant difference (p<0.05) were found in all wool performances between sheep of these regions.

Phenanthrene and antrancene are members of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and they are isomeres of each other. These compounds are frequently in preparing of dyses and drugs. Environmental organizations of USA have reported that phenanthrene is one of 121 poisening and polloting materials. Antracene is one of the products resulting from distillation of coal and incomplete burn of fossil fuel in the areas and therefore it is often found in the industrial regions. Due to their importance we studied the bacteria which used these two compounds and their distribution were determined in the semi industrial and urban regions. The results showed that these two compounds were of different quantity and some of isoletes of bacteria are able to use them different concentration and changed the compounds to another’s materials. In the urban areas and industrial regions found frequently, therefore, the distribution in microorganisms are important for environmental hygiene, Therefore in the another part of this research we determined the metabolits and pathway of biodegradation of these two compounds by TLC., and GC-MS.

Various traditional and innovative forms of fracture fixation have been applied in birds orthopedic. The purpose of this study was to compare the applicability of the stainless steel intramedullary (IM) pin and IM pin made from ovine and canine bone. Ovine and canine long bones were used to prepare pins in appropriate size and dimension. The pins were packaged and sterilized. Forty domestic pigeons (with 390gr average body weight) were divided into 4 equal groups pigeons were anesthetized and humeral bone was cut by orthopedic saw. In first group the fracture bone was not treated. The stainless steel pins were inserted into the humeral medulla in the second group of pigeons, in the third and forth groups prepared pins from ovine and canine bone were in serted into the medulla. After 32 weeks the pigeons of the first group were not able to fly, in the second group pigeon had imbalance in flight, in the third and forth groups the pigeons were able to fly with no problem. Radiographically there was not a significant differences between 2nd, 3rd and 4th groups, but there was a significant difference between the first group and other groups (p<0.001). Non of the bone pins were rejected, all were absorbed in later stages in large quantities. It was concluded that bone pin made from canine and ovine bone were compatible with the stainless steel pins in providing rigid stability as well as having the advantage of gradual resorption and no interference with flying condition.

The aim of this study was examination of quality of the output warm water of Neka power station for possibility of using in warmwater aquaculture. Sampling station was setup at the end of output channel. Samplings were done within a period of four seasons from fall 1999 until summer 2000 and were done by Nansen sampler. Factors that were measured were: NH3- NH4+ NO2- TH- TA-BOD5- COD -DO- pH salinity and temperature. The results of water analyses were compared to warmwater aquaculture standards. The surveys show that, the quality of power station warmwater output, other than dissolved oxygen (min 3.8 mg/l in summer. max 5 mg/l in winter ave 4.S mg/l), suitable for warmwater aquaculture.

In this study in the period of 4 months, 50,000 broiler chickens were inspected in Kerman industrial poultry slaghterhouse for dermatitis. In this duration on the basis of macroscopic inspection, 12 carcases were condemnated and bacteriological and histopathological examinations on them were performed. In bacteriological study from all the carcasses E. coli alone or with Staphylococcus aureus was isolated. The strains belong to O78 and O2 serogroupes and some of them could not be identified. Histopathological lesions in all of the cases were characterized by thicking of the dermis and granulomatous inflammatory reaction.

The antibacterial effects of essential oils of Stachys inflate Benth, Thyms hotschyanus Sioss & Hohen, and the extracts of Rhus coriaria L. and Pistachia atlantica Desf. sub speices Kurdicawere in Vitroon three bacteria: Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis. We used Tube Dilution Method for essential oils and Disk Diffusion Method for extract of plants. Stachys was collected from vicinity of Jolfa and three other plants from vicinity of Urmia.Totake essential oils fresh leaves of Stachys and Thyme were used and extract of Sumach and wild Maunt Atlas Pistacia took from dried fruits. The results indicate that essential oils of Stachys and Thymus showed a significant effect on K. pneumoniae which was equal to the effect of Ceftazidin. The essential oils of both plants were effective on Sta. aureus but essential oil of Stachys showed a higher effect which was same as the effect of Tobramycin and higher than Erythromycin.The extract of wild Maunt Atlas Pistachia had no effect on K. penumoniae, but extract of Sumach showed a high effect, which was higher than the effect of Amoxycillin. he extract of both plants had little effect on Sta. aureus when compared with related antibiotics. The extract of Sumach and Maunt Atlas Pistachia were effective on Sta. epidermidis and their effect was higher than Erythromycin.

Electrophoretic mobility of five blood plasma proteins [Albumine (Alb), Prealbumin (Pr), Postalbumin (Pas), Esterase (Es) and transferrin (Tf) were examined in two breeds or local populations of Iranian horses namely, Arab and Caspian miniature by using polyacrilamide gel electrophoresis. Gene frequencies were analyzed at five protein polymorphism loci. In addition, average heterozygosity and effective number of alleles per locus were calculated. Polymorphisms were found at five loci that brought about various phenotypes in two populations. CC and DD phenotypes in Tf system and FF phenotype in Es system were observed in Caspian miniature only. Between two populations allele frequencies difference for pr3 and pr4 in prealbumin system was relatively high whereas, breed difference at other loci was slight. Average heterozygosity and number of effective alleles in Caspian and Arab were seen accordingly as 0.4494, 1.8654 and 0.3688, 1.5670. From the present results it can be concluded that polymorphisms of proteins which have been studied, were higher in Caspian miniature horse than in Arab breed and this has causes more heterozygosity and number of effective alleles and consequently higher genetic variability in this population.

Fishers need to be aware of problems related to handling of fish in sea, and its quality and safety. Improper handling of tuna can cause quality loss, histamine poisoning of consumers and loss of investments. Onboard handling of nightly caught tuna by conventional fishing vessels, were studied. Data collected from landing areas in Hormozgan province, by talking to fishermen, observing handling practices and monitoring time and temperature. In nightly catches, the fish is handled on deck with no icing. According to estimated time for catching and handling, concluded that tuna is held 4-16 hours at ambient temperatures before landing. During warm months (Mayto October), tuna body temperature was 27-28oc, in landing stages. Tuna handling is improper and there is the risk of microbial growth and histamine production. Several practical recommendations for improve the quality of product are presented.

In the present study, 35 stray dogs (Mixed breed), 3 red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) were examined for Echinococcus granulosus infection as well as 19425 sheep, 5938 goats and 11883 cattle for hydatid infection in Kordestan province in West Iran during three years (1997 - 2000). Meanwhile fertility rate of different types and forms of cysts isolated from infected animals and the viability of protoscoleces were also determined. Our results indicated that, 11.43 % of the dogs were infected, with Echinococcus granulosus. 5.33% of the sheep, 3.06% of the goats and 9.49% of the cattle were also found to be infected with hydatid cyst. In infected sheep, 75.35% of the cysts were found in lungs, 10.53% in liver and 13.93% in both liver and lungs. In infected goats, 80.76% of the cysts were found in lungs. 6.91%in liver and 12.08% in both liver and lungs. In infected cattle, 79.24% of the cysts were found in lungs, 5.49% in liver and 13.12% in both liver and lungs. The cysts isolated from liver and lungs of the sheep show higher fertility rate of cysts isolated from sheep, goats and cattle were 33.82%, 30.95% and 2.52% respectively. The viability rates of protoscoleces of the fertile cysts isolated from the slaughtered animals were found mostly higher than 70%.

This research is a study of exchange rate related to liberalization policy in Iran and its effect on hen meat price. Analysis approach is time series and Johanson cointegration. The results show that by continuing the liberalization policy, in the same situation of past time, exchange rate (dollar) will be reduced in short-run at the future months. Cointegration analysis increase that there is a equilibrium long-run relation between exchange rate and hen meat price. For short-run analysis we estimate VECM model. The error correction term coefficient in this model is 0.58 that means about 58 percent of hen meat price deviations are adjusted toward long-run equilibrium.

Utilization of sunflower meal (SFM) with hulls in leghorn type layer diet was studied in a completely randomized design (CRD) experiment with 4 treatments, 8 replicates and 4 hens in each replicate. After determining chemical composition of SFM, four diets with, including equal ME (2900kca/kg) and cp (14.5%) containing 0, 5, 10 and 15 percent SFM were formulated. During the experiment, daily feed consumption, hen - day egg production, egg weight, feed conversion ratio) (kg feed/kg egg) and mortality were measured weekly. In the beginning and the end of the experiment body weight of the hens were) measured individually. The results indicated) that utilization of 10 percent hulled SFM had, no adverse effects on daily feed consumption, hen - day egg production, however, increasing SFM consumption up to 15 percent decreased daily feed consumption, hen - day egg production and egg weight decreased 5.70, 7.06 and 5.49 percent) respectively while, feed conversion ratio increased significantly (p<0.05). According to the results it can be concluded that 10 percent SFM with hulls can be used in egg type lager diet.

In order to distinguish unauthorized tissues in heated meat products in Mazandaran province, products of 7 existing factories there were histologically examined. Each product were divided into 3 equal parts and from each parts 2-3 samples with 1cm. thick were taken and fixed in 10% buffered formalin. Routine histological techniques were used and 6.umthick sections were stained with heamatoxylin-eosin and studied under light microscope. Udder, lymph node, salivary gland, skin and its accessories and rumen were those unauthorised organs which were detected on products of some of those factories.

46 gravid uterus of cows and 41 gravid uterus of ewes were collected from Oroumieh slaughterhouse to measure amniotic and allantoic fluids separately. The results in cow indicated that, during the first trimester of pregnancy allantoic fluid increases more than the amniotic fluid, whereas in the second third of pregnancy the amniotic fluid predominates, but at the end of this period, again the allantoic fluid increased more than the amniotic fluid. In the ewe, the total fetal fluids increased as pregnancy progresses. During the second month of gestation, the amniotic fluid increased more rapidly comparing with allantoic fluid, whereas in the third and fourth month of pregnancy the allantoic fluid increased more rapidly than the amniotic fluid. Also during theses three (2nd, 3rd and 4th) months of gestation, the amniotic fluid always was higher than the allantoic fluid.

Because of the importance of Artemia in aquaculture industry, and the lake of Urmiana, in  political borders of Iran, which is the biggest natural habitat for this animal, some more investigations seems to be required. The calculated criteria showed the hatching rate of Artemia urmiana cysts in 6 different salinities, and 33ppt (suggested for other genuses) is the optimal for hatching operation of A. urmiana.

In all biological systems growth is defined as increase of chemical compounds. Bacteria can achieve to balanced growth if they are growing in a medium, which are completely adapted to it. Cl. Chauvoei cultivation in bottle is specified with its high gas production and low turbidity. In this study we adapted Cl. chauvoei to grow in fermenter and we suggested a new medium for this purpose, which short duration of culture period, high gas production, high turbidity and high number of bacteria per/ml of suspension are its specificity. Furthermore cultivation of Cl. chauovei in fermenter is simpler than cultivation in bottle and there would be less chance of contamination because all steps are done in fermentation chamber and there is no transportation in the expose air area.

In the present work, 700 protoscoleces of hydatid cysts isolated from sheep, cattle, camel and human in Esfahan were compared morphologically. The number of larval rostellar hooks, total length and length of blade of large and small hooks of protoscoleces were applied as morphological criteria and using one – way analysis for comparison. Our results indicated that, human isolate showed the highest total number of larval rostellar hooks while camel isolate showed the lowest. According to the total length of large hooks, camel isolate proved the maximum mean while the human isolate showed the minimum. Meanwhile, the number of larval rostellar hooks, total length and length of blade of large and small hooks of camel and sheep isolates were found different significantly.

Recent parasitologic studies resulted in diagnosing many parasites of E. tauvina, which lesions due to digenetic trematode G. epinepheli in gills of fish are very important. This parasite belongs to family didymozoidae and rests on the gillsin ellow sacs. In this study within a period of 1 year, between September of 1922 to September of 1993 73. 384 fish of E. tauvina caught from khoozestan coasts. Parasitologic studies revealed that the mean percent of infestation of gills was 19.42%. It seems that encapsulation of this parasite on gills and feeding from blood vessels resulted in local tissue reactions. The histopathologic lesions included: deviation, distortion and deformity of gills, bronchitis and epithelial hypertrophy. Epithelial hypertrophy and thickening of respiratory surfaces resulted in arrangement of mechanisms of excretion and osmotic regulation; consequently defect in CO2 exchange and respiratory efficiency, followed by respiratory acidosis. On the other hand, the par-asite interferes with irrigation of gills, resulted in  pressure atrophy.

Artemia urmiana is one of the seven known bisexual artemia species on the earth. Artemiahas been widely used in the development of the world aquaculture industry, specially in shrimp and marine fishes. Industrialexploitation from the Urmialake artemia can fulfill the requirements of the growing aquaculture industry in Iran and assure its further development. During this research work the nutritional value of decapsulated cysts and biomass of Artemia urmiana in 3 life stages was determined in order to understand its proper applications in aquaculture. Decapsulated cysts, newly hatched naupliiand biomass of artemia at different growth stages all are important due to some reasons such as their smallsize, high nutritional value, movement, good test and attractivness for the predators. Results indicated that Artemia urmianawas rich in protein (52.30-56.22%), lipids (14.28-16.81 %), oleic acid (16.26-29.22%) and linolenic acid (13.34-20.06%) at all growth stages. This means that the decapsulated cysts and biomass of Artemia urmiana is a highly valuable food source for the freshwater fishes and prawn. But it was observed that the quantity of the highly unsaturated fatty acids, eicosapentanoic and decosahexanoic acid, were low in Artemiaurmiana. Therefore it should be enriched with the above fatty acids before it is used as food for shrimp and marine fishes specially during the starter period

This survey was carried out to determine species of Eimeria and prevalence rate from 59 laboratory rabbits (New Zealand White) on which were breed by cage (24) and litter (35) breeding system during summer in2001. The overall prevalence of infection (1.16 %; ePG=69.5) in litter breeding system was significantly higher than cagebreeding system (0.59 %; ePG=11), (p<0.05). There were two forms of subclinical coccidiosis (intestinal and hepatic) in litter breeding system meanwhile in cage breeding system was only subclinical intestinal coccidiosis. Eimeria piriformis (37.6%), E. performans (30.4%), E. nagoporensis (25.6%), E. irresidua (2.4%), and E. stiedai (4%) in litter breeding system and Eimeria nagoporensis (374%). E. performans (34.6%) and E. piriformis (30.4%) in cage breeding system were recorded in descending order of frequency.

Early diagnosis of subclinical mastitis in dairy cows may be important in reducing production loss and enhancing prospects of recovery. In recent J years, most effort has gone into the system that uses changes in the electrical conductivity of milk. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) of MAS-D-TEC (a manually cow side detector of mastitis, Westcor Inc., Logan, USA) for detection of subclinical mastitis by C changes in electrical conductivity of foremilk. Foremilk samples of each cow c. (n=236 quarters) were first examined by MAS-D-TEC device and then by CMT) procedure. MAS-D-TEC graded from 0 to 9. On the basis of the factory recommendation, sample grades ³5 are highly indicative of presence of infection. Quarter milk samples were then collected aseptically and sent to the, diagnostic Lab. For bacteriological cultures on blood agar and MacConkey agar media. The results of this study revealed that on the basis of the factory, recommendation, Se of MAS-D-TECfor detection of subclinical mastitis was, 100%, but the Sp of this device was 43.3%. If the border grade change to³6, and ³5, so the Se and Sp of this procedure change to 96.4% and 60%, respectively. The false positive results of this device to detect subclinical I mastitis may be attributed to the stage of lactation~ parity, presence of the pathogen in the milk cells, presence of other microorganisms other than bacteria in the sample, and so on. In conclusion, the present study revealed I that milk specimens with degrees £4 in MAS-D-TEC procedure are highly, indicative of absence of pathogens in the udder, but specimens with degrees ³65 may be indicative of subclinical mastitis which bacteriological cultures must be done to ascertain the presence if bacteria and kind if pathogens involved, necessary for control and preventive mastitis programs in dairy herds.