JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH
Year:2011 | Volume:6 | Issue:3|Papers Count:11

Fatty acid contents and their seasonal variations studied in Nerita textilis and Turbo coronatus, two dominant gastropods of Chabahar bay, in the South east of Iran and northern part of Oman Sea in Indian Ocean. This area provides high rates of primary productivity and so a diverse food source for mollusks. Environmental factors, including temperature, chlorophyll a and salinity measured monthly and their effects on fatty acids variations considered by statistical analysis. By Gas Chromatography twelve and fifteen fatty acids identified in Nerita textilis and Turbo coronatus, respectively. Unsaturated fatty acids dominated over saturated ones in Nerita textilis and oleic acid was the major fatty acid, while saturated fatty acids were dominants in Turbo coronatus and the major fatty acid was palmitic acid. Statistical analysis showed correlation of oleic acid with temperature, gadoleic acid with chlorophyll a and margaric acid with salinity in Nerita textilis, while salinity was the only environmental factor which showed correlation with lignoceric acid in Turbo coronatus. In conclusion it could be finding that the fatty acid contents might be different and also, there could be different effects of environmental factors on fatty acid variations in two species of a class in a common habitat.

In this study to presentation of strategic planning of Karoon Dam-3 Lake, by filling Clawson questionnaire in form of Travel Cost Method (TCM), the analyzing and evaluating of ecotourism demand index were done. to do so, 220 Clawson questionnaires were completed at high season (November 2010 to August 2011). Results of this study are shown that, outdoor recreational value of this area is 3,175,850,000Iranian Rials every month. In order to present ecotourism development quantitative strategic plan for Karoon Dam-3 the “SWOT” method was used. weighted scores for internal factor evaluation matrix was calculated as 3.12 and for external factor evaluation matrix was calculated as 1.78. regarding the results of the quantitative strategic planning matrix (QSPM), “the creation of new job opportunities strategy" being based on natural and cultural potentials of this area in order to support handicrafts, protection of cultural identity and to prevent the native's emigration, (ST4) by 4.78 score was recommended as the first priority for ecotourism development in karoon3 dam lake.

A total of 59 specimens of Rhodeus sericeus amarus are caught by handnet from two different station of Zardi River in the south-eastern costal of Caspian sea at the autumn and winter of 2009 and spring of 2010. The fishes were transported alive to the laboratory of Shahid Rajaee site. They killed by cutting their spinal cord and then measured and weighed. The eye, skin, gill, digestive system, muscle and the other organism’s of the specimens were examined for parasite infestation. Six parasites species were identified. These parasites are as following: Trichodina sp. from skin and branchia, Dactylogyrus sp. from branchia, Gyrodactylus sp. from skin and branchia, Diplostomum spathaceum from eye̓ s, Postodiplostomum sp. from skin, Capillaria amurensis from intestine were found in the Rhodeus sericeus amarus of Zardi River. The most prevalent parasite was Trichodina sp. (49.15%) and the least was Diplostomum spathaceum (13.55%)

Activated carbon with nano hole made of lemon is called GA-88 in this research. Using nano technology in the way of decreasing effects of polluting environment and wastewater of industrial factory including water plays important role and has high efficiency. In this research ability of GA-88 absorbent with nano hole for elimination of phenol has been studied. Chemical optimization of nano absorbent GA-88 has been performed by using acid phosphoric with densities 10% and 15%. Then effective factors for absorbing phenol, effect of change in pH at range of 2 to 12, time of duration until 15 to 75 minutes was exactly studies and assessed. Change in pH at lower than 7 was very effective on ability of absorption so that under pH=2 and pH=12 intensity of absorption 99.125% and 63.1% and absorption capacity 19.825% and 12.62%mg phenol /gr GA-88 /liter respectively. Time of optimization for eliminating phenol with density of 200mg/liter and 800mg/liter was at first 15 minutes. In this process the quasi second grade speed equation in comparison to quasi first grade speed equation, GA-88 nano absorbent with fixed speed is suitably defined as 5.12 ´ 10-3 mg-1.min-1 and 2.35mg ´ 10-3 for density of 200mg/liter and 800mg/liter. In order to describe balance of absorption it is used from Longmuir and Freunlich models. Results indicate that Longmuir model for both densities of 200mg/liter and 800mg/liter is more valuable than Freunlich model and R2 amount related to Longmuir was 1 and 0.999 was achieved respectively

 This study has considered the determination and comparison of the appropriate dosage of three anaesthetics including: 2-phenoxy ethanol, clove oil and PI222 on silver carp fish (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix). Based on reduction of anesthesia time in fish to less than 3 minutes and recovery to less than 5 minutes. So 120 fish were studied. We use 4 dose for each of anesthetics and 10 fish for each dose; For 2-phenoxy ethanol, doses of 250, 300, 350 and 400 part per million, and for clove oil and PI222, doses of 25, 50, 75 and 100 part per million were considered. Indicating 300 ppm as the best dosage for 2-phenoxy ethanol, and 50 ppm as the best dosage for clove oil and PI222. In comparison of these substances, clove oil and PI222 have priority to 2-phenoxy ethanol; and this priority is more remarkable in PI222, because of being cheaper and safety for fish and user. Analysis variance of result indicates that the anesthesia induction time had a significant relationship with increasing dosage of the three anesthetics (P<0/05) and this period decreased by increasing the dosage. The time of recovery was not significant (P<0/05) and performed independent from the dosage.

In this experiment, we studied the effects of different NaCl solutions on (2.5%, 7.5% and 12.5% NaCl) proliferation, nitrate reductase activity, ammonium release, and protein content in the unicellular, biflagellate, halophilic micro algae, Dunaliella salina. Johnson medium with 2.5%, 7.5% and 12.5% NaCl were selected for treatment. Growth condition was maintained in all experiments (light, 5000 Lux, aeration 1hour daily, temperature 25±5oC,). The microscopic results showed that in the salt solutions Dunaliella salina can proliferate and shows normal morphology and mobility. Based on results of this experiment, optimum proliferation occurred in 7.5% NaCl. Protein content didn’t show significant changes (P<0.05). Nitrate reductase activity was significantly increased in 2.5% and 12.5% NaCl. But ammonium liberation and protein content are not affected by treatment (P<0.05).

In this study chemical composition (ash, protein, fiber, fat and carbohydrates) and mineral contents (Na, Ca, K, Fe, Mn, Mg, Zn, Cu, Co, Se and P) of Padina boergesenii collected from the Persian Gulf in the winter of 1389 and spring of 1390 have studied. Results indicate that the nutritional value of brown algae Padina boergesenii was 114.37 kilo calories in the spring and 154.208 kilo calories in the winter. Chemical analysis of the brown alga Padina boergesenii indicated these amounts of Protein, ash, carbohydrates, fat and fiber: (%12.26 ± 0.015), (%13.28 ± 0.01), (%25.97±5.634), (%0.14 ± 0.036) and (%4.67 ± 0.709) DW in the spring and (%12.63 ± 0.042), (11.14 ± 0.01), (%15.24 ± 0.649), (%0.32 ± 0.032) and (%3.8 ± 0.112) DW in the winter, respectively. Difference between the means of protein, fat, ash and carbohydrates in spring and winter is meaningful (P £ 0.05); difference between the means of fiber in mentioned seasons is (P ³ 0.05). Analysis of mineral contents of brown algae Padina boergesenii indicates these amounts for Fe, Ca, Na, K, Mg, Se were (1160.333 ± 19.85), (7554 ± 29.799), (10874.74 ± 1646.958), (10594.6 ± 692.67), (5569.33 ± 11.015) and (572 ± 9) ppm in the spring respectively also these values in the winter are (2265.667 ± 224.5982), (7820.93 ± 60.9008), (8728 ± 1032.42), (4612.97 ± 609.99), (6805.33 ± 154.212) and (526 ± 14.047) ppm respectively, therefore, it can be said that Potassium, Sodium and Selenium have higher amounts in the spring and difference between the means of potassium, iron, calcium, magnesium, selenium is meaningful in the brown algae Padina boergesenii (P £ 0.05); difference between the means of sodium is meaningless (P ³ 0.05). Reference made to the results of this study regarding chemical and mineral composition specially Protein percentage and amounts of Selenium, Calcium, Potassium, Padina boergesenii is a recommended candidate as food supplement.

Concentrations of PAH’s known as carcinogenic compositions were studied in the muscle of Pike fishes (Esox lucius) in Iranian international wetland of Anzali in year 2010. Fifteen samples were taken at three stations of Mahruzeh, Koumeh Aghajani and Siah darvishan in dry (early September) and wet (early December) seasons. Some environmental parameters like pH, dissolved oxygen and water temperature were also measured at the same time. Biometry and age determination were done for each sample prior to their preparation for measurement of PAH’s concentrations using HPLC method. Acenaphtene with the concentration of (31.9 ± 11.37 ppb) and Benzo [a] pyrene with (0.2 ± 0.1 ppb) were the highest and lowest recorded concentrations in each season respectively. In both seasons, significant negative correlations (P<0.05) were observed between Naphthalene and Acenaphtene with fish age (2 year and under 1 year) and also between Benzo [b] fluoranthene and Benzo[ghi]perylene with dissolved oxygen. In both seasons, significant correlation were observed between dissolved oxygen and pH with PAH’s while between PAH’s and fish weight it was significant only in cold season (P<0.05).Considering the 52.63 ppb (dry weight) as the highest measured concentration of PAH’s in this study and 30 mg/kg (wet weight) as the maximum allowable contamination level for aquatic organisms it can be concluded that the PAH’s concentration in Pike’s muscle is almost within the allowable limit in Anzali Wetland.