JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY (NEW FINDINGS IN PSYCHOLOGY)
Year:2012 | Volume:7 | Issue:21|Papers Count:14

The object of this experiment was study the effect of instruction of elaboration to increasing of recall in semantic memory of learners in the two types of homework physics and social studies with regard to different levels of academic achievement. The experimental method and the test plan developed with the control group were used.180 first year high school girl students as subjects in four experimental groups and two control groups randomly selected and were replaced. Experimental groups were taught methods of knowledge elaboration and semantic elaboration, then to all groups in a 2-hour session was given a memory task. Immediately subjects exposed to recall test commonly. The effectiveness of elaboration strategies training separately for subjects with high, medium and low levels of academic achievement was examined. The measurement tool of dependent variable was the test that made with teachers of both lesson. A Two-Way ANOVA (3×3) analysis showed that the instruction of elaboration both the field of physics and social studies significantly increased semantic memory. In both fields, experimental groups 1 and 2 significantly different with the control group. Also, among elaboration variables and levels of academic achievement in social studies was dual interaction. The instruction of elaboration types to learners in different levels of academic achievement significantly increased semantic memory recall in their impact is, however, this effect is not same and is depends on the various types of content and learning materials and also characteristics of subjects.

The target of this study was to determine a comparison effect of training the anger management and medicine cure on aggression in prisoners of Fasa. For this purpose, the subjects were 45 prisoners of Fasa. that were selected via by sampling and divided into two groups experimental (anger management group and medicine cure group) and one control group. The research method was experimental type of pre-test and post-test with control group. The measurement instrument of this research was aggression (AQ) scale. Pre-test was perfumed for three groups. Then, the experimental group underwent training ways and techniques of angry management and medicine cure. After applying intervention, the three groups were tested again. For analyzing the data form Analysis Multivariate covariance method (MANCOVA) were used. Results indicated that anger management and medicine cure are effective aggression in prisoners of Fasa, and anger management was more effective than medicine cure.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of stress on memory function according to the mediatory effects of personality construct, hardiness. The design was Quasi-experimental with post-test and control groups. The study sample included 60 male and female undergraduate students from Tabriz University through the field-scale screening for the Personal Views Survey were selected so that the 30 persons obtained high hardiness and 30 persons remained get low. Each of these two groups was divided into two types: Experimental and Control; so that four groups were created: Experimental with high hardiness, Experiment with low hardiness, Control with high hardiness & Control with low hardiness. The four groups were compared in terms of overall score and sub-scales scores of Wechsler Memory Scale. Hypotheses and research questions were tested through one-way analysis of variance, multivariate and post-hoc tests. Analysis showed that in the main hypothesis, there is no significant difference between experimental with high hardiness and experimental with low hardiness in terms of total memory score. Neither is significant difference between experimental and control groups with high hardiness, nor any significant difference between experimental & control groups with low hardiness in terms of total memory score. But all groups of study compared, were significantly different in case of two sub-scales scores: digit repeating and orientation.

This research aimed at investigating the students’ cultural, educational and research needs in Islamic Azad University in Iran. Research design was based on descriptive study in terms of the evaluation of students; needs from the above perspectives. Population included the students of 21 universities in 12 districts. The sample population was selected through random multi-stage sampling and finally 4615 participants were selected. The research Instrument included a five-point Likert type researcher-made questionnaire included 34 items in 3 sub categories of cultural, educational and research needs. Data analysis included descriptive and inferential statistics including independent Samples t-test, One-way ANOVA, and Scheffe test. Findings showed that the frequency of cultural needs (%94), educational needs (%75.94), and research needs (%1.94). There was also a significant difference between the three variables from the students’ perspectives.

One of the conceps related to positive psychology is vigor at work. Several researches indicated that health and job performance are important consequences of vigor at work. The aim of current study was assessing the relationship between vigor, health and job performance in an industrial company employees. Survey respondents include 212 employees from the industrial Company in Ahvaz that were chosen by simple random sampling method. The research instruments include Shirom-Melamed Vigor Measure (Shirom, 2003), General Health Questionnaire (Goldberg & hillier, 1979) and job performance questionnaire (Paterson, 1992). Results by MANOVA method showed that Vigor had valid increasing effects on health (P<0.01, R2=0.26) and job performance (P<0.01, R2=0.19) of employees. Vigor as a positive affect had effects in workplace.

In textbooks related to humanistic agents’ role in causing accidents, frequently, it’s discussed on the issue of preparing traits; It means that people, because of possessing some characteristics, have an accident more than others. The research puts emphasis on the personality and big five factor of personality neuroticism, Extraversion, openness, consciousness, and agreeableness-as the assistant agent for identifying the personality characteristics of accident and also for predicting driving behavior and its related consequences. In a post-event research, 40 numbers of drives, the agents of accident in 2008 who were hospitalized in Alzahra hospital, Isfahan, were compared whit a sample consisting of 40 other drives, not being the agent of accident. The questionnaire used in the research was NEO-PI-R. The results were analyzed by the use of MANOVA analysis method, using the soft were SPSS, version. The results showed that the drivers having accidents acquired high scores in neuroticism (p<0.05), agreeableness (p<0.01), and responsibility (p<0.001). The comparison of the two groups who are the agents of accidents and the evidence in the research and the other limited research lead to the tentative result that the personality factor can be one of the significant factors in having accidents. If we can, by doing more research, identify these factors and determine their roles, probably we can have control over this significant event which is detrimental to Iran social health by training drivers and informing them about the effect of these factors.

Introduction: Nowadays, because of an increase in serious illnesses like cancer due to various reasons, investigating factors like attachment style is very important, which may play a role in effective or ineffective coping with this illness, and eventually higher or lower mental health of the person, especially in the critical period of adolescence. This study aims to determine how is the relationship between attachment style formed from childhood, selecting the coping way in the period of cancer crisis and mental health of the adolescent boys with cancer, to determine whether any attachment style play the role in selecting effective coping way and consequently acquisition of high mental health in this period or not.Methods: Revised adult attachment scale (RAAS), ways of coping questionnaire (WOCQ) of Lazarus and general health questionnaire (GHQ) have completed by 50 adolescent boys with cancer, who where 17 to 20 years old, in this research. After that by using descriptive statistics for determination of the correlation between scores of these questionnaires and data analysis, point bi-serial and pearson correlation tests were used. Findings: According to findings of this study, all research hypotheses rejected and therefore there were no significant relationship between the attachment style and level of using the problem-focused or emotion-focused coping in adolescent boys with cancer. There were also no significant relationship between coping style and mental health and either between attachment style and mental health in this group.

The present study was purposed to establish the relationship between religious beliefs, happiness with forgiveness among college students of Islamic Azad University. The sample of research included 300 subjects (150 female and 150 male) who were selected based on stratified random sampling. For the measurement of the variables Arian Religious Belief Inventory, Oxford Happiness Inventory and Forgiveness Scale (FS) were used. Statistical methods included Pearson correlation coefficient and regression analysis. Results indicated that was a significant correlation between religious belief and forgiveness and also between happiness and forgiveness. The results of regression analysis also showed that happiness and religious belief were predictive variables concerned with forgiveness.

Hope has a vital role in human’s well being and health. The aim of this study was investigate to effectiveness of the positive couple therapy on improving satisfaction with life of mothers with special needs children. The research method was semi-experimental with pretest/posttest/follow-up design with control group. Among mothers with special needs children of Mashhad were recruited 24 subjects through purposely method and were assigned in experimental and control groups randomly (12 subjects in each group). For gathering data, Snyder’s hope questionnaire was used. Results showed that the hope of the mothers with special needs children who received intervention had increased. Since, it could be concluded that the couple therapy with positive approach has been effective on increasing the hope of the mothers with special needs with children of Mashhad.