JOURNAL OF CROP ECOPHYSIOLOGY (AGRICULTURE SCIENCE)
Year:2010 | Volume:4 | Issue:14 SUPPLEMENT(1)|Papers Count:12

This resarch was conduted to evaluate seed yield and yield components of 20 barley lines at Agricultural and Natural Resources Resarch Center of Tabriz, Iran uing a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Analysis of variance showed that there were sigificant differece among lines under study for plant height, thousand kernel weight, number of grains per spike, grain yield, spike weight spikes per square meter and spike length. This shows that there gentic was variations for these traits among the lines studied. Mean comparisions of the traits showed that line EBYTC86-17 by having higher spike length, kernel per spike and 1000 kernel weight produced highest yield. This line can thus be regarded as suitable far thurther studies and recommend at to this area. It was also revealed that lines EBYTC86-5, EBYTC86-6 and EBYTC86-13 were low producers. Results of simple correlation coefficients among the traits showed that yield and yield components were highly correlated with kernel weight and kernels number per spike. Based on regression analysis, 37 percent of yield variation can be attributed to seed number per spike and 1000 kernel weight. Results also showed that for each unit increase in 1000 kernel weight and seed number per spike yield increased by 30 and 14 percent respectively. However, each unit increase in plant height decreased seed yield by percent.

To obtain superior genotypes from 30 advanced spring bread wheat cultivars a field experiment in RCBD was carried out in 1388. Traits like yield, yield components, harvest index, peduncle length, awn length, number of leaf, plant height, flag leaf area, penultimate leaf area, days to booting, days to spike emergence, days to flowering and physiological maturity were recorded. Analysis of variance showed significant difference among genotypes for the traits measured at %1 probability level. This indicates considerable genetic variations among the lines evaluated. Cluster analysis of traits measured, grouped lines into three categories. Eight lines were located in third cluster with respect to some traits including grain yield and other important traits like biological yield, number of seed per spike, spike length, peduncle length, plant height, flag leaf area, and number of spike per m2 were found to be superior. By using factor analysis, five factors determined 78.99% of total variation. In this analysis, the first factor could account for 35% of total variation and nominated as effective factor on grain yield. Line with accession number of N-75-5 was found to be highest yielding (289.5 g/m2) as compared with the other lines.

Kandovan is located in the north west of Iran in the province of east Azarbaijan. Its geographical position is 46o 10′ to 46o 20' and 37o 42' to 37o 52'. This survey carried out at elevations of 1800-3200 m from sea level. The aim of this project was the collection and identification of plants grown in its 7000 hectares of range land. During two seasons about 400 plant samples were collected and identified in herbarium. In this project 256 species were identified to belong to 153 genus and 37 families. The most important plants families that collected in this region belonged to Asteraceae, Fabaceae, Lamiaceae, Brassicaceae and Apiaceae. Asteraceae (40 species), Fabaceae (29 species), Lamiaceae (25 species), Brassicaceae (22 species) and Apiaceae (16 species) were the dominant species in the area, respectively. The life forms of these species were determined by using of Raunkier's method and they consist of 58.20% Hemicryptophytes, 30.07% Therophytes, 1.17% Phanerophytes, 5.85% Chamaephytes and 4.68% Geophytes.

A complete randomized experiment was conducted to study the effect of different levels of mannanoligosaccharides (0, 1, 2 and 3 g/kg into the basal diets) on growth performance, carcass characteristic and blood lipid profile in broiler chicks. Six hundred one day old Ross 308 broiler chicks were randomly assigned into 5 treatments. Each treatment consisted of 6 replicates and there were 20 chicks in each replicate. In this experiment, avilamicin antibiotic (10 mg/kg into the basal diet) was used as a positive control. The obtained in results starter period showed that, none of the growth performance parameters affected by adding prebiotic. Adding avilamicin also did not affect the parameters under study. By adding 2 and 3 g/kg prebiotic or avilamicin into basal diet weight gain improved as compared with control diet (P<0.05) and feed conversion ratio was significantly lower in diet supplemented by 3 g/kg prebiotic or avilamicin in comparison with control diet (P<0.05). In finisher period, supplementing 2 and 3 g/kg prebiotic or avilamicin to the diet at the final growth period improved feed conversion ratio and weight gain significantly (P<0.05) as compared with the control diet. Addition 2 and 3 g/kg prebiotic to the diet decreased abdominal fat pad (as a percentage of live weight) significantly as compared with control diet, but its difference with diet supplemented by avilamicin was not significant. Only, in diet supplemented by 3 g/kg prebiotic the level of serum cholesterol was lower as compared with control diet (P<0.05). It seems that the best levels of mannanoligosaccharides were 2 and 3 g/kg of broiler diets.

Performance of five Chinese commercial lines of silkworm like 32, 104, 110, 152, 154 and five Japanese ones such as 31, 103, 107, 151, 153 were investigated at four rearing periods of two spring and two summer seasons. Total hatch, rearing steps, recording and experimental activities were conducted under standard conditions of ESCAP (1993). The results indicated that maternal base effect all of effects in model (generation, genus and hybrid group) was significant (P<0.0001). Except for maternal base effect, other present ingredient in statistic model were extremely significant (P<0.0001) as compared with mean effects of all ingredients studied except the maternal base effect over characters cocoon weight, cocoon shell weight and cocoon shell percentage was significant (P<0.0001). Variance components estimated, by using one trait analysis method, showed that 153×154 and 31×32 hybrids had high heritability (0.8365 and 0.7848 for cocoon weight trait respectively). Thus, it could be said that rate of genetic gain from accomplishment of selection programs using from this hybrids for new lines production would be appreciable. Also it seems 153×154 despite its high heritability for individual traits (0.8365 and 0.9854 for cocoon weight and shell cocoon weight respectively) did have lower mean relative to 31×32 and this shown this hybrid may be sensitive to environmental conditions. The results obtained from estimation of genetic, environment and phenotypic correlations using two trait analysis methods is shown that the hybrid 153×154 had maximum additive genetic correlation. It can be concluded that hybrid 31×32 concerning most economical characters was superior.

The European mole cricket is considered to be of the most important insect pests of Iran, especially in Azerbaijan province. Its damage in some area economically is very high. In this study, morphological characteristics, including the length of various parts of the pest body, were evaluated. Analyzing of the size of fore and hind wings results of the adults in this species, showed that there were seasonal dimorphism as long-winged (L.W.) and short-winged (S.W.) among the insects. Based on the literature available seasonal dimorphism in this species is the first report in the world, and probably each morph of this species is various in different both in the biology and behavior. Sexual dimorphism can be distinguished by study pattern of venation in the forewings of sexes. One of the important characteristics in distinguishing mole cricket species is arrangement spines in the fore and hind tibia where their numbers and sizes of these spines in various species are different. The fore tibia of insect has four wide and strong dactyls in its apex, but lateral margin of the hind tibia armed with five sharp spines with seven spines at the end of its tibia.

The Fusarium disease, caused by Fusarium oxysporum and F. solani has been observed in different areas of Iran in recent years. Current biocontrol studies have confirmed the effectiveness of the Trichoderma species against many fungal phytopathogens. In this study, biocontrol effects of Trichoderma isolates, both separately and their combined effects were evaluated against Fusarium oxysporum, F.solani pathogen. In this investigation the ability of Trichoderma harzianum and T.asperellum isolates, isolated from soil and chickpea root, were compared with combination of three fungal lentil Fusarium rot. Three isolates (Trichoderma) of isolates T1, and T2 around Fusarium oxysporum and F.solani hyphae. Volatile metabolites of all isolates reduced the mycelial growth of fusarium diseas pathogen. T1 and T2 isolates and their combination were more effective than other treatments to control the disease, where it reduced 75 to 78% disease. All of treatments showed significant differences with control (Trichoderma harzianum) T1, (Trichoderma asperellum) T2, were selected before test (shown good antagonist effect) after screening tests for antifungal combination effects against Fusarium disease pathogen in greenhouse. In dual culture tests, three (T1, T2) isolates covered and colonized the colony of the pathogen. In this research three (T1, T2) isolates covered and colonized the colony of the other Trichoderma isolates. Microscopic studies revealed hyphal coiling (hyperparasitismplants).

In this research, effect of feeding of five pollen sources, apple, pear, almond, apricot and walnut, as 5 treatments on the period of egg to adult, longevity and fecundity of the predatory mite, Typhlodromus bagdasarjani, was studied in a complete randomized design (CRD). Mites kept individually on black mulberry leaf discs at 24±2°C temperature, 60±5% relative humidity and a photoperiod of 16:8 (L:D) hours, with a sufficient quantity of the pollens. Results showed that T. bagdasarjani could develop and reproduce when the predatory mite feed on the all of diets. Thus, the pollens can be alternative foods for the mite. The mean of developmental time from egg to adult emergence varied between the treatments from 11.69 to 21.49 days for females and 11.70 to 20.07 days for males. The minimum mean of developmental time of females and males was on walnut, almond and apple pollens and the maximum mean of it was on pear pollen. The mean of longevity varied among the treatments from 17.45 to 31.26 days for the females and 18.23 to 31.44 days for the male insects. The maximum mean longevity was on apricot and almond pollens for females and it had maximum amount on apricot and walnut for males. The minimum mean of longevity of females and males was on pear pollen. Also the maximum means of daily and total fecundity (0.73 and 9.60 eggs/female) were on apple and walnut pollens. The minimum amount of these means was on pear pollen. According to these results, almond and walnut pollens were the most suitable diet for T. bagdasarjani as compared to the other pollens. Among diets, pear pollen had least desirability and nutritional value for the mite.

Agricultural insurance is considered as a support policy that reduces negative effects of risk in agricultural farms. In addition, it can improve managerial behavior of insured and technical-healthy regulations of production by using some special tools. This study investigated the impact ofinsurance of agricultural products insurance on using technical-healthy regulations of production in industrial livestock farms at Khorasan province and apple farms at Damavand County. To this end, the required data were survyed from the farms; then it was statistically analyzed. Results indicated that the insurance has exactly significant influence on using any of technical-healthy regulations of production in industrial livestock farms; whereas the insurance does not have any significant influence in the apple farms. In addition, it was also found out that the greatest influence of insurance was in industrial livestock and apple farms that had less than 200 animals and 3 hectares farms, respectively.

The purpose of this study was to determine effect of farming, social, economical and extension characteristics of rice farmer on land consolidation. The research population consisted of 329, farmers who were selected randomly by using randomized stratified sampling method. The methodological approach of this study was causal-comparative. Validity of the instrument was established by a panel of experts consisting of senior faculty members in agricultural extension and education department, and research committee advisors. Reliability analysis was conducted by using and Cronbach alpha formula and result was found to be 0.82. The results showed that means of farmer's age, rice farming experience and rice-cultivated land acreage of rice were highly effective in land. Results also showed that factors like means for farm acreage, social influence, social participation, attitude of rice farmers toward land consolidation, yield, income, cost-benefit, mass media, information sources extension courses and education levels of rice farmers were very effective on land consolidation.

The main purpose in this research was to identify effective factors for participation of stakeholders in watershed management project from the opinion of natural resources and watershed management extension specialist, in Fars province, Iran. The method of data collection was whole counting. The tool of data collection is questionnaire. The specialty panel of experts was used to gain assurance of the validity of the questionnaire. Corenbach Alpha method was used to gain assurance of the reliability of the questionnaire (a=0.87). In addition to descriptive statistics (such as man, median, variance and standard deviation) and correlation coefficient and inferential statistics such as, multivariate regression and path analysis technique used for analyzing data. The results of multivariate regression using Enter technique indicate that attention to the stakeholders economical needs in watershed management projects, attention to the indigenous knowledge, rate of stakeholders participation in watershed management extension programs, rate of participation of stakeholders in the type and features of plans, rate familiarity of stakeholders with watershed management projects and extension agents ability to set communication are the most important obstacles for the participation of stakeholders in watershed management projects from the viewpoint of the natural resources and watershed management extension specialists. The results of Path Analysis technique also showed that the rate of participation of stakeholders in the type and features of plans have the most direct and indirect effect (0.552) on dependent variable, and extension agents ability for communication has the lowest direct and indirect effect (0.311) on dependent variable of the study (participation in watershed management).

In this research the indices EI30, AIm, KE>1 as well as P/√t was determined for 16 pluviograph as well as for 3 Namak Lake Basin nearby stations. Regression relationships were established between the dependent variables of EI30, AIm, KE>1 as well as P/√t Indices and other easily accessible rainfall indices of: fournier, modified fournier, maximum monthly rainfall, maximum daily rainfall, standard deviation of monthly and annual rainfall as well as pluviometer site elevations. This made the establishment of appropriate relationships between rainfall intensity dependent indices and the dependent variable of rainfall intensity (at stations where intensity was nonexistent) possible. In the next step, the indices as well as easily accessible rainfall data from pluviograph stations were exploited to find out EI30, AIm, KE>1 as well as P/√t indices, while using the previously obtained regression relationships.