VETERINARY CLINICAL PATHOLOGY (VETERINARY JOURNAL TABRIZ)
Year:2019 | Volume:13 | Issue:1 (49) |Papers Count:8

Mammary gland tumors arethe most common type of cancer in dogs and cats after skin tumors. Any disorder in the process of apoptosis causes the growth of cancer cells. Caspases 3 and 9 play an important role in the process of apoptosis as initiator and executioner caspases. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of Tilia (Tilia plathyphyllos) extract on gene expression of caspase 3 and caspase 9 in canine mammary gland cancer cell line. Canine mammary gland tumor cells (CF41. Mg) were passaged in the presence of 5, 10, 25, 50 and 100 mg/ml of Tilia extract for 24, 48 and 72 hours. Microculture tetrajolium test (MTT) was used after the passage to assay the number of live cells. To understand the mechanisms involved in induction of cell death at previously mentioned intervals, RNA was extracted and cDNA synthetizedand the rate of gene expression of caspase 3 and 9 was evaluated using specific primers with RT-PCR. According to the result, maximum anti-tumor activity of this extract was observed after 48 hours with the dose of 25 mg/ml. RT-PCR results indicated gene expression of caspase 3 and 9 after 24, 48 and 72 hours in the treated samples. The highest extent of gene expression was observed at 10 and 100 mg/ml of extract for caspase 3 and 10 mg/ml of extract for caspase 9. The results of the present study confirmed the inhibitory effects of Tilia extract on growth of canine mammary gland tumor cell line.

Diabetes impairs the normal reproductive system function by disrupting spermatogenesis and decreasing sperm count, serum testosterone level and seminal fluid volume. This study aimed to investigate the effects of oleoreupien on tissue changes of prostate and seminal vesicles in diabetic rats. Thirty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=10) including control, diabetic and treatment groups. Rats in the treatment group received Oleoreupien (500mg/kg) for 28 days by oral gavage after induction of diabetes by streptozotocin. At the end of the experimental period, samples of prostate and seminal vesicle were obtained and then slides were prepared and stained by H&E method for histological study. Morphological findings indicated increased secretion of prostate and seminal vesicles, significant increase in diameter of secretory units and significant decrease of interstitial connective tissue in the treatment group compared with the diabetic group. Histomorphometric results also indicated that epithelium height of the prostate and seminal vesicles and diameter of the tubules of the prostate significantly increased in the treatment group compared with the diabetic group (p˂ 0. 05). The study also revealed that gland weight to body weight in the treatment group increased significantly compared with that of the diabetic group (p˂ 0. 05). According to current findings, oral administration of Oleoreupien prevented diabetic induced tissue changes in prostate and seminal vesicle in rats.

Due to accumulation of lead in edible tissues of fish, the safety and health of human food are also affected. This study was conducted to compare the effects of ascorbic acid and thiamine in prevention of lead induced tissue damages in selected tissues of common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Fish were divided randomly into 4 groups of 30 fish each. Group 1 was considered as control group. Group 2 received lead acetate while groups 3 and 4 received thiamine and ascorbic acid respectively in addition to lead. After necropsy, tissue specimens were collected from the brain, kidney and liver and the processed slides were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Brain lesions in group 4 consisting of hyperemia, edema and ischemic cell changes were significantly lower in comparison to groups 2 and 3. In liver, hyperemia, hyperplasia of melanomacrophage centers, hepatocellular degeneration and intranuclear acid-fast inclusion bodies were observed. The severity of hyperemia and degeneration in group 3 was significantly lower in comparison to group 4. In the statistical comparison, none of the renal pathological indices including hyperemia, hemorrhage, intranuclear acid-fast inclusion bodies, necrotic changes, swelling of epithelial cells and hyperplasia of melano-macrophage centers revealed significant differences between groups 3 and 4 but compared to group 2, some lesions in these groups showed a significant difference. Based on the results, it can be concluded that ascorbic acid and thiamin might have some protective and therapeutic effects on lead poisoning in fish.

The causative agent of bovine theileriosis is obligatory intracellular protozoa called T. annulata which results in severe anemia, severe pulmonary edema and rapid death in non-native animals. The present study was aimed to detect the current state of Theileria infection in indigenous buffaloes and its association with environmental factors in four cities of West Azarbaijan province using microscopic tests (blood smear evaluation) and molecular assays. Blood samples were randomly collected from 291 buffaloes in the region, during March to July 2014. Direct and semi-nested PCR techniques were used to detect DNA of Theileria spp. using specific pair primer 18SrRNA. In the microscopic assay method, presence of this parasite in four (1. 37%) buffaloes was approved. The molecular assays revealed that 4 out of 291 animals (1. 37%) were infected by T. annulata. Also the present study showed that two female adult buffaloes (0. 68%) were simultaneously infected by T. annulata and T. orientalis. Apparent and real prevalence of infection of buffaloes to T. annulata in the molecular method were 1. 37 and 1 percent respectively. The chance of infection by T. annulata and T. orientalis were equal. Molecular prevalence of T. annulata in Urmia and Salmas were 2. 2 and 2. 3 percent respectively (p<0. 05). Molecular prevalence of T. orientalis in Urmia was 2. 2%. This is the first study to indicate the presence of infection with T. orientalis in indigenous buffaloes of Urmia city in Iran.

Postpartum infection of the reproductive system is a major problem with financial costs in dairy cattle. Cefalosporins are among the most important and widely used antibiotics for treatment of postpartum uterine infections. This study examined the effect of postpartum ceftiofur hydrochloride injection on subsequent fertility rate of high risk (affected by dystocia, retained placenta and etc) dairy cattle. A total of 300 dairy cows were divided equally into two groups of high risk cows (affected by dystocia, placental retention) designated as control and treatment groups. In the treatment group, ceftiofur hydrochloride was injected with the dose of 2. 2 mg/kg SC for 5 days and in the control group, cows that had placental retention were treated with 3 intramuscular injections of oxytocin 50 IU every 8 hours after parturition and cows that had dystocia were left untreated. Ceftiofur hydrochloride injection significantly decreased the rate of uterine infections in the treatment group in comparison to the control group (p<0. 01). Also open days were significantly reduced in the treatment group (p<0. 05). First service rate was also improved significantly in the treatment group (p<0. 01). The results indicated that prevention of uterine infections is an essential part of postpartum fertility control in dairy cows. Ceftiofur hydrochloride injection at the rate of 2. 2 mg/kg 24 hours after parturition can improve the subsequent fertility rate of high risk cows in dairy herds affected by peripartum and postpartum problems.

Abomasal hypomotility plays an important role in the pathogenesis of certain abomasal disorders such as abomasal bloat. Serious side effects such as diarrhea and antibiotic resistance are associated with using synthetic drugs for treatment of these disorders and administration of herbal medicine could be an appropriate approach to decrease these side effects. Therefore the goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of Folus fruit aqueous extract on abomasal emptying in lambs. This study was conducted on twelve five-day-old Sangsari-female-lambs (average weight 4 kg). Lambs received five oral treatments including saline (30 ml), erythromycin (400 mg) and folus at three different doses (700, 750 and 800 mg/kg) respectively. Acetaminophen absorption test was used to evaluate the rate of abomasal emptying. After drawing the association curve between plasma acetaminophen concentration and time using the regression method, it was indicated that treatment with erythromycin and three different doses of aqueous extract of folus fruit (700, 750, 800 mg/kg) significantly increased the rate of abomasal emptying in comparison to the negative control (p<0. 05). No clinical side effects were observed following the administration of erythromycin and folus in lambs. This study showed that aqueous extract of folus fruit has a stimulatory effect on abomasal emptying in lambs but further studies are required to determine the effects of various components of this plant on abomasal emptying.

Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) induce adverse fetal development including intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR), intrauterine fetal death (IUFD), embryonic resorption and preterm delivery which are all related to LPS-induced oxidative stress. This study aimed to investigate the protective role of vitamin A against LPS induced fetal defects in the rat. In this study, 48 pregnant female rats were divided into 4 groups. On days 15 to 17 of pregnancy, 75 mg/kg of E. coli LPS was injected intraperitoneally in groups 1 and 2 the second and third groups received 100 mg/kg of vitamin A intramuscularly a week before injection of LPS. The fourth group was the control group and placebo was injected to simulate injection stress. On the 18th day, all rats were euthanized. The number of live and dead fetuses and resorption sites was counted. Live fetuses in each litter were weighed, crown-rump and tail lengths measured and skeletal development was evaluated. In addition, maternal liver, placenta, and fetal liver samples were excised for measurement of MDA and GSH contents. The results showed that administration of LPS significantly increased fetal mortality, decreased fetal weight and crown-rump and tail lengths of live fetuses and retarded skeletal ossification in caudal vertebrae, anterior and posterior phalanges and supraoccipital bone. Our study showed that co-treatment of vitamin A and LPS could decrease LPS induced defects and improve injuries indicating the preventive effects of vitamin A against LPS induced injuries during fetal development.

Identification and epidemiological survey of fungal infections at the hatcheries has great importance for prevention of mortalities and subsequent economic losses. In this survey, 5 rainbow trout hatcheries in west Azarbaijan province were investigated. Sample collection was conducted according to standards of Iranianveterinary organization. Water quality of the hatcheries was investigated as well. SDA (sabouraud dextrose agar) medium was used for fungal culture and identification of fungal type was based on microscopic examination of fungal reproductive organs. Four different genera of saprophytic fungi consisting of Saprolegnia sp., Penicillium sp., Aspergillus sp. and Achyla sp. were isolated from the 5 studied hatcheries. The genus Saprolegnia with 7. 8± 1. 48% infection rate and Achyla with 0. 8± 0. 83% infection rate had the highest and lowest prevalence respectively. Based on the results of this study, the sanitary conditions in hatcheries of west Azarbaijan province are not ideal with respect to fungal infections. Water quality of the hatcheries was acceptable therefore fungal infections are probably not associated with the water quality.