VETERINARY CLINICAL PATHOLOGY (VETERINARY JOURNAL TABRIZ)
Year:2012 | Volume:5 | Issue:4 (20)|Papers Count:8

This study was carried out for the presence of Toxocara SPP. Eggs in public parks in the city of Tabriz, east Azerbaijan province, Iran. Soil samples were collected from total 75 existing public parks in Tabriz from September 2008 to September 2009. Soil samples were collected from 3-4 distinct sites in the same area. The flotation material was analyzed under the light microscope. Toxocara SPP. Eggs were found in 28 samples of total 300 taken samples from 75 public parks showed a contamination rate of 9.3%. The number of observed Toxocara eggs in each microscopic field was varied from 1-7. Low rate of contamination with Toxocara SPP. Eggs in Tabriz parks might be due to lower dog population and cultural differences (Diet and hausbandary conditions) of present study in this city in comparison of other cities of the world.

Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale (ORT) is a gram negative, non-motile, and rod shaped bacterial pathogen causing respiratory tract disease in poultry and cause economic losses in poultry industry. The Objective of this study, was investigation of serological status of Ardabil province broiler flocks in view of ORT infection. For this purpose from 25 broiler flocks, 450 serum samples were taken in last week of age, and then investigated with IDEXX ELISA kit. Results showed that 72.2 percent (325 samples) of samples were positive to antibodies against ORT and the remaining samples 27.8 percent (125 samples) were suspicious and non of samples were negative.In conclusion, the results of this study indicated that the prevalence of ORT antibodies is high in the broiler flocks of Ardabil province. Due to the economical importance of ORT infection it might be necessary to prepare a general prevention and control plan to tackle this emerging disease.

Causative agent of Johne’s diseases is Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) and each year, it hurts dairy cattle industry worldwide by depression of production and reproductive indexes and culling of affected animals. This bacteria is known as a zoonotic pathogen and recent researches explain its probable role in Crohn’s disease in humans. This study compared four laboratory diagnostic tests; including Enzyme Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay (ELISA), direct microscopic examination, milk culture and Nested-PCR for diagnosis of herds bulk tank milk infection with MAP bacteria. 100 bulk tank milk samples were obtained from 100 industrial dairy herds of Tehran province. Samples were screened by four tests and 82 samples (82%) detected as positive in culture media, 94 milk samples (94%) were positive by Nested-PCR test and 98 samples were positive in ELISA test results (98%). But direct microscopic examination identified just 33 milk samples as positive. Four positive samples of ELISA test were detected as negative samples by Nested-PCR. These 4 samples in addition to 12 other samples which diagnosed as positive by ELISA, had no growth in culture media (16 samples). These results indicated superiority of Nested-PCR among these four tests for diagnosis of bulk tank milk infection with MAP bacteria. Furthermore, the results represent high prevalence of MAP bacteria in bulk tank milk of dairy herds in Tehran province and it needs more serious eradication efforts.

E.coli is natural flour in large intestine and main common pathogen between human and animal, and its transportable by food, that its important cause of diarrhea infections in cows, particularly in calves. The aim of this survey is identify and separating E.coli and verotoxicogenic, that by referring to Tabriz slaughterhouse in chance 43 excrement samples from calves and 151 excrement samples from cows has been taken and transport to microbiology laboratory of veterinary faculty of Islamic azad Tabriz University. After in riching the samples and culturing in plates this results has been taken: From 194 taken samples, 113 E.coli samples were separated that were 85 positive sorbitol samples and 28 negative sorbitol samples. From 85 positive sorbitol samples were 19 samples of calves and 66 samples of cows and from 28 negative sorbitol samples were 13 samples of calves and 15 samples of cows. Also serological test accomplished for determining E.coli non O157 serotypes on the positive sorbitol samples that 9 samples of cows and 42 samples of cows demonstrate positive reaction, then on 28 negative sorbitol samples and 85 positive sorbitol samples, the PCR test accomplished by using secans of stx1, stx2 gens, that 15 samples of 28 negative sorbitol samples and 19 samples of 42 positive sorbitol samples were E.coli and verotoxicogenic. The result demonstrated that high amount of E.coli and verotoxicogenic exist in excrement of cows and calves slaughtered in Tabriz slaughterhouse.

Spread of an epidemic of avian influenza in 1998 in Iran was the cause of many deaths on farms. Research shows that made the emergence of this epidemic of avian influenza virus subtype H9N2. Anti-influenza drugs amantadine and rimantadine (Adamantane) were used for the treatment and prevention of infections caused by influenza A virus, but the use of these medications has been limited in recent years with increased resistance in the world. In a comparative study between the years 1998 to 2009 in Iran, to evaluate resistance to amantadine, the avian influenza A virus of subtype H9N2, we focused our research on the genetic structure of viruses, amantadine where most of their leaves left on the channel protein M2. Two groups of avian influenza A virus H9N2 subtype, were isolated in eggs with embryos, including five samples of the virus to two periods (1998-2006 and 2007-2009), then were the polymerase chain reaction tests using reverse transcription (RT-PCR) and electrophoresis on agarose gel and were sent for sequencing. The M2 sequence analysis displayed in different separate parts of this sequence as to consensus sequence that was amino acid changes together. And all of resistant isolates contained the point mutations (Ser to Asn) S31N at position 31 that could confer resistance to amantadine. The study took place, to determine the effectiveness of awareness of avian influenza viruses to amantadine, was reported, amantadine resistance in H9N2 subtype avian influenza viruses in the years 2007 and 2009 in Iran. Therefore, it is recommended to avoid the arbitrary use of amantadine to treat and prevent infections from avian influenza viruses of H9N2 subtype in the farms. Furthermore, it seems practical tests of the drug influence invivo, can ensure effective use of the drug.

Leptospirosis is a worldwide bacterial zoonoses that its main source are wild animals and rodents That leptospirals excrete in their urine. This disease causes fever, hemoglobinuria, jaundice, abortion, mastitis, reduced milk production, reproductive disorders and death in cattle, that major complications in sheep are abortion and pyelonephritis. The purpose of this study is the evaluation of risk factors for leptospirosis disease and its association with high prevalence of infection in the sheep flocks. Accordingly, 260 serum samples were collected from 20 flocks of sheep. Then with microscopic agglutination test (MAT) using 6 live antigen Leptospira interrogans include Pomona, canicola, icterohaemorrhagiae, gryppotyphoza, ballum and hardjo was studied. MAT test results of the serum samples showed the contamination was 28.46%. Most contamination of the samples was allocated to sheep who lived in swampy areas, so that 70.28% of positive samples were included. 56.25% of positive samples among the samples showed positive reaction with serotype canicola. On the other hand, 76.56% of the positive samples belonged to animals which in their environment, rodents in very large numbers were observed. The sheep that kept in moist and wet environment to be had 60% of positive samples, and finally the highest frequency of positive animals were ranged among ages 3 to 6 years old, the incidence of the disease increased in older animals. By attention to the results, increasing of age, living in swampy and wet bed, being infectious dogs in side of flocks and also very large number of rodents in environment are of the most important causes of seroprevalense of leptospirosis.

The purpose of this research was to determine frequency and bacterial agents of hepatic abscesses of cattle slaughtered at Urmia abattoir, Iran. Post-mortem examination of 2179 cattle showed that 36 (1.65%) exhibited liver abscesses. All abscesses were cultured for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. Isolates were identified as follows: Arcanobacterium pyogenes, Fusobacterium necrophorum, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus spp. and Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis. This study revealed that A. pyogenes is the most important isolate of liver abscesses (58.33%) and F. necrophorum is the second important isolate of liver abscesses (52.77%) in cattle of Urmia district. In the present study C. pseudotuberculosis is reported for the first time from bovine liver abscesses (5.55%).

Valeriana officinalis is a medicinal plant used in alternative medicine for its sedative and anxiolytic properties. It acts trough GABA receptors increases GABA in synaptic space and stimulates GABA receptors. Ketamine and diazepam also acts trough GABA mechanism but with a different pathway. The purpose of our study was to investigate the sedative effects on cats of valerian extract that extremely beloved by cats in combination with ketamine, and evaluate the possibility of its usage in cats and change the routine methods of anti-anxiety and restraining method. 24 healthy short haired mature male cats randomly selected, fed with standard ration and water ad libitum, were divided into three groups G1, G2, G3, received ketamine(11mg/kg), ketamine-diazepam(1mg/kg), and ketamine-valerian (1250 mg/kg PO) respectively. Rate of CNS depression were evaluated by; onset time of effects, peak score, and duration of peak score, total time of effects and highest recorded score. Scores obtained by ataxia, time at which falling recumbent and pinch test over anus, tail and Achilles tendon. This experiment was conducted as blind. Statistical analysis made by variance analysis (ANOVA) and Tukey test, at a significance level of 5% (p<0.05).Results showed significant effect of valerian on shortening the onset time of effects in compare with G1, and fastest reach to peak score in compare with G1 and G3, peak score duration was much longer than G1 and shorter than G3, onset time of recumbency in G3 was shortest but close to G2. It seems that valerian root extract may be used in combination with ketamine to induce restraining and anti-anxiety effects with shorter dullness and sleepy mood in compare with routine administration of ketamine-diazepam; moreover it is being tolerated well and makes the animal more reliable and friendly with other cats and owners. So this extract may be used instead of diazepam in routine cat restraining protocols.