VETERINARY CLINICAL PATHOLOGY (VETERINARY JOURNAL TABRIZ)
Year:2011 | Volume:5 | Issue:1 (17)|Papers Count:12

Fatty liver is major metabolic disorder that affects approximately half of multiparous dairy cows mildly or severely in early lactation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the frequency of fatty liver syndrome by measuring the serum levels of NEFA, TB and Gluc in dairy cattle of Tabriz province. For this propose, 400 blood samples were collected from cattle. The sampled cows were divided into four groups according to their pregnancy status: 1-8 months pregnant, 8-9 months pregnant, less than a month after parturition and more than a month after parturition. Serum levels of NEFA, TB and Gluc were measured spectrophotometrically. In this survey, serum NEFA levels were significantly different between the four treatment groups (p<0.001). Also it was noticed that serum NEFA concentration was significantly higher (p<0.001) during the first month of parturition (1125.58±123.60 mEq/L). Also, serum TB and Gluc levels were significantly different between the four treatment groups (p<0.001) during the first month of parturition. The results also showed that with increase in levels of serum NEFA in four treatments groups, serum levels of TB was increased and serum levels of Gluc was decreased (p<0.001). The results also indicated that among the cows studied, fatty liver syndrome is prevalent especially in the first month after parturition. There was no significant correlation between serum NEFA levels and age of the cows (p>0.05).

Tribulus terrestris(TT) is a flowering plant, traditionally being used as an aphrodisiac agent. Studies shown that TT extract increases testosterone levels and produces aphrodisiac effects. Nowadays is a major ingredient of most aphrodisiac drugs but there is no document about its testicular pathology in long term use. The purpose of our study was to identify the effects in rats of oral TT on body weight, testicular histopathology and weight at normal and double doses to presume its probable negative effects in human while using exaggerated for long period of time.30 male mature SD rats were used, kept in individual cages, fed with standard ration and waterad libitum, divided into 3 groups (G), c, a and b received placebo and oral doses of 10 and 20 mg/kg of TT, SID for 8weeks.Rats were weighted at day 1, and At the end of the study, all were weighted, anaesthetized and the left testis excised. Testicular weigh with and without epididymis was recorded then histopathologic slides prepared with H& E and Masson trichrome, and focused on seminiferous tube diameter, epithelial layer thickness, interstitial space length, testicular capsule thickness. All stages of the experiment were conducted as blind. Data statistically analyzed by variance analysis (ANOVA) and Tukey test, at a significance level of 5% (p<0.05). Results showed a significant body weight gain in G-a and body weight loss in G-b. Testis weighting showed a significant increase in G-a, but there was no significant difference between G-c and b. Microscopic examination of G-b showed, shrunken seminiferous tubes and spermatogoni cells were lower in population. Primary spermatocyte and spermatozoids, in comparison with groups’ c and b, in lower concentration, destruction of seminiferous tubes group b. Sub cortical vessels were thickened and distributed. All parameters in other two groups were normal. Results indicate that exaggerated use of TTE over 8 weeks may result in destructive effects on male genital system in rats which may in turn induce male fertility problems. The use of TTE with caution is suggested. Further research to evaluate effects on fertility, sperm count, reproductive status is indicated.

Tilia platyphyllosscop belongs to the Tiliaceae family and mainly grows in northern parts of the country. It has various pharmacological effects including anxiolytic, antibacterial, anticonvulsant, spasmolytic, tranquilization and sedation, hypnotic and muscular relaxation. In order to study sedative, preanaesthetic and anxiolytic effects herbal extract of Tilia platyphyllos scop in comparison with diazepam in different groups of female Wistar rats with the same age and weight, doses of 150 mg/kg, 300 mg/kg and 450 mg/kg of herbal extract, 1.2 mg/kg of diazepam and equal volumes of dimethyl sulfoxide as a placebo were injected to rats intraperitoneally 30 minutes prior to evaluation of sedative and preanaesthetic effects (induced sleep duration following 40 mg/kg administration intraperitoneally) and anxiolytic effects (using elevated plus maze and Rotarod test). Statistical results obtained represent a significant increase in sleep time induced with ketamine and also a significant increase in time spent by rats in open arms of maze with high and low doses ofTilia platyphyllos scop herbal extract (p<0.01). The result showed that herbal extract ofTilia platyphyllos scop at a dose of 300 mg/kg has sedative, preanaesthetic and anxiolytic effects.

In this study, ultrasonographic condition of lens and posterior wall of buffalo's eye in Tabriz area were investigated due to their important role in vision and also measurements were made in anterior-posterior axial B-mode display methods. The ultrasonographic images were similar to the images obtained from other particularly the cow. Total thickness of the lens was 1.133 ± 0.052 cm with the thickness being 1.135 ± 0.052 cm in the right eye and 1.132 ± 0.053 cm in the left eye. Thickness of the posterior wall of the right and left eyes were 1.677 ± 0.042 mm and 1.672 ± 0.041 mm respectively with the total thickness of the posterior wall measuring 1.674 ± 0.040 mm. There was no significant difference between the left and right eyes regarding these parameters.

Bovine viral diarrhea suppresses the immune system and makes animals susceptible to other diseases. Considering that the most common form of this disease is the chronic form, it is not considered seriously in our country. Since in many dairy herds there are many infertility cases without any specific cause and there are no vaccinations or control programs against bovine viral diarrhea in dairy farms of Tabriz, the need to investigate the prevalence of this disease in dairy farms across the region becomes obvious. Venous blood samples were obtained from 508 Holstein cows of dairy of Tabriz. Sera were maintained until testing at temperature of -20oC. Serum samples were tested using indirect ELISA and commercial kits for inspecting specific antibodies of bovine viral diarrhea. From the total of 508 cows that were studied, 95 cases (18.7 percent) had antibodies against bovine viral diarrhea.

In order to study the effect of replacing different levels of date meal to corn, 180 one-dayold male broiler Ros308 chicks with 5 treatments and 3 replicates were used. The chicks had free access to food and water during the experimental period. Five experimental treatments were as follows: the first treatment (control group) consisted of the diet which lacked date meal, the second treatment was the diet which contained %5 of date meal which replaced corn, the third treatment was the diet which contained %10 of date meal, in the fourth treatment %15 date meal was used and in the fifth treatment %20 of date meal was used. In this experiment, feed consumption, average daily gain, feed conversion and the measurement of the metabolism energy were recorded after the end of each week and the broiler chicks were weighted each week. At the end of the experimental period two broilers from each pen were selected, killed and then dressing percentage, abdominal fat (the fat around the cloaca and gizzard), intestines, gizzard, spleen, pancreas, liver and gall-bladder were measured. The best average daily gain was observed in the group which had %15 date meal. Maximum feed consumption was observed in the group with %5 date meal and minimum feed consumption in the control group. The most body weight gain was related to %15 replacement group and the most dressing percentage was related to %15 replacement of the date meal group. The most fecal moisture was related to %20 date meal. Considering intestinal histopathological study, the diet containing %10 date meal had the least effect on intestinal thickness. According to the results, 15% is the best level of date meal inclusion in the diet of cockerels.

Food restriction is a potential unwanted risk for a developing fetus in pregnant ewe. The objective of this study was to study the effects of food restriction on serum concentration of glucose, triacylglycerol, non-esterified fatty acids, beta-hydroxybutyrate and urea in the last 8 weeks of pregnancy in Ghezel sheep (Azerbaijan native). We usedSplit-plot in time design and the overall sample was 14 Ghezel ewes. After a primary preparation period and using flashing diet, oesterus cycle was synchronized in an out of breeding season with sheep CIDR. Pregnancy induction was carried out through natural mating.Primary sampling (P0) was done 4 weeks after mating and then the ewes were divided and assigned to two groups: Control (T2) and food restriction group (T1). In different stages of pregnancy (P1 – P3) sampling was performed and the above mentioned parameters were measured. We used 16.5-27.5% food restriction. Our results surprisingly showed that food restriction had no statistically significant effect on serum glucose and triacylglycerol concentration, but it had a statistically significant effect on serum betahydroxy butyrate, non-esterified fatty acids and urea concentration (p<0.05). Food restriction resulted in mild to moderate ketosis in some individual animals. We conclude that food-restricted pregnant ewes following initial flashing diet at the beginning of pregnancy could maintain their glucose homeostasis and end her pregnancy period by using fat reserves and gluconeogenesis. Only one ewe aborted during food restriction in the end stage of pregnancy and others tolerated the situation.

The aim of the present study was to determine the optimal time of fish oil inclusion in broiler feed formulation on antibody response and concentration of serum cholesterol and triglyceride. A 49 day study was conducted on 600 one-day old chicks from a commercial hybrid (Ross) which were randomly allocated to 6 groups. The control group was fed a diet containing 5 % corn oil and in experimental groups the fish oil was substituted for corn oil from 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 weeks. Serum concentration of cholesterol and triglyceride were determined on days 37 and 44. Titer of antibody against sheep red blood cells (SRBC) were determined 7 days after immunization on days 30 and 37. Supplementation of diet by fish oil did not affect concentration of serum cholesterol. However, concentration of serum triglyceride decreased significantly (p<0.01). Titer of IgG against SRBC was affected in first injection (p<0.01) and the maximum antibody response was seen in control group and chickens feeding fish oil for 2 weeks, and antibody response decreased with increase of consumption length of fish oil. Titer of IgM in the second injection (p<0.05) were affected by dietary treatments. Chickens which were fed fish oil for 2, 3 and 4 weeks had higher antibody response than other treatments.

This study was designed to investigate the influence of supplementing multi-enzyme in feed on growth and survival rate of rainbow trout fish. The multi-enzyme were incorporated into a commercial pellet ration to constitute three experimental diets containing 500, 1000, 1500 gram kemin phytase multi-enzyme per one ton feed intake, while a fourth diet without the multi-enzyme supplement served as the control diet. The diets were offered to rainbow trout (150 g average weight) in quadruplicate pools (each treatment) for 40 days. Fish were sampled at 10, 20, 30 and 40 days after commencement of the feeding trial to determine feed conversion ratio (FCR), weight and length rate and survival rate. Results of our study indicated that effect of different supplementing multienzyme levels on feed conversion ratio (FCR), weight and length rate and survival rate, there was not any meaning relation in dose rates (p>0.05). According to affect of type and concentrates of enzyme on animal response, we can recommend that type or concentrates of consummated kemin- phytase multi-enzyme is not suitable for rainbow trout.

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of using of probiotic, organic acid and blends of some medicinal herbs on performance, egg quality, blood biochemical and immunity parameters of laying hens. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design with one hundred and ninety two of Hy-Line (W36) laying hens from 37 to 49 weeks of age. There were randomly assigned to 4 dietary treatments with 4 replicates and 12 hens in each replicate. The treatments included: 1) control group 2) using 0.005 % of probiotic (Protexin®), 3) using 0.2% of propionic acid and treatment 4) using blends of medicinal herbs (zizaphora, Menta pulagum, peppermint and nettle. The results showed that there were some significant difference in performance and egg quality between experimental groups (p>0.05). The highest amount of egg mass production (51.38g), and the best value of feed conversion (2.04)), were observed in experiment group 3. Whereas the best yolk color index (4.5) was observed in experiment group 4.There were not observed any significantly difference between experimental groups in blood biochemical and immunity parameters. With consideration in obtained results in laying hens using probiotic, organic acid and blends of some medicinal herbs have positive effects on performance and egg yolk color.

This study was conducted in order to evaluate the role of selenium supplement consumption in pregnant heifer in late permanency on selenium, glutathione peroxidase serum levels in heifers and newborn calves.16 heavy pregnant heifers were selected and divided into two control and treatment groups with 8 heifers. The environmental, management and nutrition conditions were the same. In treatment group selenium supplement was consumed 1mg/day for 30 days. In Zero day and in delivery period blood samples were drawn from neck vessel in heifers, then blood samples were drawn from calved when birth and 48 hours hater. After removing serum, selenium serum level and glutathione peroxidase level were measured by atom absorption method and biochemical kit respectively. In heifers selenium and glutathione peroxidase serum level increased meaningfully in treatment group (p=0.003, p=0.008), in calves selenium serum level increased meaningfully in treatment group (p=0.042) but glutathione peroxidase serum level did not increase meaningfully (p=0.076). In treatment calves selenium and glutathione peroxidase were increased 48 hours after birth but it was not meaningful.(p=0.88, p=0.052). It was concluded that selenium supplement consumption in late preganancy cause to increase in selenium and glutathione peroxidase serum in heifers and calves that can be beneficial as a antioxidant. It is recommended as a cow ration supplement.

A male goat with significant penis sheath distension and lack of urine, 48 hours after birth was referred to the Large Animal Clinic of veterinary Faculty of Islamic Azad University of Tabriz. With puncture, pale yellow serous fluid with urine like smell was removed from the distended site. In preliminary examinations, ruptured urethra was tentatively and prineal urethrotomy was performed. After urethral catheterization urethral obstruction near the end of urethra and in intraoperative investigation diagnosed was performed absence of part of the penis and urethra (that does not allow the urinary catheterisation) was determined. With separation of urethra the from adjacent tissues permanent prineal uretherostomy in order to create the ability to urinate, the urethra opened and its edges sutured to the external surfaces of skin and fixed. Fluid therapy and antibiotic therapy was performed postoperatively. In follow-up after surgery, there was no distension and inflammation and the goat was in perfect health. Congenital aplasia of the urethra with penile segmental aplasia is rare cases with very low occurrence in domestic animals.