Journal of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences
Year:2004 | Volume:8 | Issue:1|Papers Count:11

Introduction: Non-enzymatic glycosylation of proteins which is the major cause of diabetic complications, cardiovascular diseases retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy can effectively be inhibited by antioxidants. Materials and Method: The antioxidant effects of several flavonoids, such as rutin, kaempferol, quercetin, apigenin, naringin, morin and biochanin A were studied on glycosylation of insulin, hemoglobin and albuminin In-vitro. Optimal glucose concentration as well as incubation time were determined and inhibition percentage of the proteins were measured at three different concentrations (0.5,5 and 10 ?g/ml) using spectrophotometric method. Results: This study showed that biochanin A has potent antioxicant effects as it inhibits glycosylation of hemoglobin insulin and albumin by 100%, 60% and 100% respectively. Apigenin is also inhibits albumin glycosylation by 100%. Conclusion: As potent antioxidant effects are induced by flavenoedes, preventive effects of some plants containing the flavonoids on diabetic complication is expected.

Introduction: There has been an increasing interest in studies dealing with the relationship between mental disorders and color preference. This study was tailored to evaluate color preference or rejection in schizophrenic and normal subjects. Materials and Method: Color preference and rejection of 58 patients with DSM-IV diagnosis of schizophrenia were compared with those of 52 normal subjects by Luscher color test. The subjects were told to select a preferred and rejected color among those presented. Data analysis was achieved by T-test and Chi-square test. Results: Among schizophrenic patients, most frequently preferred colors were blue (25.9%), green (22.4%) and yellow (12.1%) while in normal subjects they were blue (36.5%), green (26.9%) and purple (15.4%). Furthermore, black (20.7%) purple (15.5%) and gray (13.8%) were most frequently rejected colors by schizophrenic patients while black (23.1%), gray (17.3%) and yellow (17.3%) were most frequently rejected colors by normal subjects. The difference between schizophrenics and normal group in color preference and rejection was not statistically significant. Conclusion: Schizophrenic patients, like normal group, preferred blue and green mostly and rejected black and gray too almost with the same degree. It worth mentioning that further studies need to be done on schizophrenic patient's symptomatology.

Introduction: Since lectures experiences can help university managers in improving educational situation, this study was carried out to determine faculty lecturers' attitudes towards the educational situation at Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences. Materials and Methods: This study is a descriptive-analytical one. A two-part questionnaire was employed for data collection. The first part included the participants demographic information such as age, sex, the field of study and date of employment, the second part included lectures' attitudes towards educational situation such as effective factors on teaching success, educational management, students educational problems as well as their attitudes towards educational technology. To determine the validity and reliability of the study, a pilot study was achieved. For data analysis a descriptive and analytical statistics (correlation coefficient & chi square test) were applied. Results: 157 faculty lecturers completed the questionnaires. There were 69% male, 10.8% single and 74.4% of teachers worked in medicine faculty. 61.7% of them had not passed any methodology courses before their employments. 90.7% passed teaching method workshops in university. The following problems were indicated as important educational problems: The ignorance of officials educational problems (50.3%), inappropriate relationship between educational courses and community needs (54%), inappropriate numbers of students and admission of students procedures (50.3%), and unsuitable criterias for students selection (68.6%). Conclusion: While approximately 1/3 of the teaching staffs regard a mismatch between their educational needs and teaching method workshops, they urged continuous holding of teaching method workshops. Meanwhile their evaluations regarding officials attention to educational problems and appropriateness of students numbers to educational facilities were rated weak. Paying more attention to the quality and quantity of workshops and solving university educational problems are of great emphasis. Besides, participation of all the faculty lecturers in the educational planning is recommended.

Introduction: Therapeutic and diagnostic endoscopy applied generally all over the world and Iran is no exception in this regard. This method like all invasive methods probably has potential danger on patients. The aim of this study was to determine the rate of complications of upper gastrointestinal endoscopies (UGE) in patients referring to Semnan Fatemiah Hospital during 1991-2001. Materials and Methods: This study is a descriptive crossctional one, in which during a decade, all patients who referred to the Fatemiah Hospital (25820 cases) for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy were selected and despite of recording their demographic data, their edndoscopy complications were evaluated. Results: Data analysis indicated that the rate for complications in all patients who experienced UGE was 0.116% in which 0.073% belonged to gastroscopy (0.058% without biopsy and 0.015% with biopsy) including Mallory Wise (0.026% mocosal perforation of stumach and esophagus), 0.015% mandibular joint dislocation, 0.015% cardiopulmonary arrest, 0.002% instrument obstruction, 0.001% bleeding and 0.014% for the rest, including other perforation, seizure, hallucination, Lichen planus, epistaxy, aspiration, methemoglobinemia, while the rate for complication in therapeutic endoscopies was 0.019% which included 0.015% for sclerotherapy and 0.004% for polypectomy. Finally the rate for mortality was 0.023%. Conclusion: The findings showed that endoscopies like all invasive methods may have potentials dangers on patients. Therefore in order to prevent the complications related to employing endoscopies, caution should be exercised in employing appropriate techniques and experienced endoscopists.

Introduction: Mental health has an important role in preventing psychosomatic disease, aggression and chronic stress in adolescents, for this reason this study conducted to evaluate distress factors among 13 -year- old adolescents in the selected guidance schools in Kermanshah City. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive-Analytic study, 664 students (13-year- old boys and girls) were selected randomly from guidance schools in Kermanshah City. For data collection a two-part questionnaire called "Feel bad scale", by Lewis et al, was employed. The first part was related to the intensity of stress and the second part to the studying the frequency of occurrence of distress factors during 2001. Results : A significant difference was observed between the intensity and frequency of occurrence of distress factors concerning items such as , parents conflict, being ignored or punished by teachers, being under pressure to do something new, being late for school, and not having done the homework on time (P<0/001). It was also a significant difference between sex and frequency of occurrence of the items such as conflict with parents, not spending enough time with parents, not being good enough at sports and being overweight. Finally, in almost all the items stress rate was reported to be higher among girls than that of boys (P<0/001). Discussion: This study showed that the physiological and psychological reactions arisen from distress factors can be prevented by giving instructional program to parents and teachers regarding to have suitable behaviour towards adolescents.

Introduction: As other attempts for prevention of disease by vaccination or early diagnosis of asymptomatic diseases (by screening examination of children in several ages), search for early diagnosis of renal diseases that are treatable or preventable is continuing. Our review of other researches showed several different and paradoxical results about its cost benefit; some researchers advise employing it seriously while some others reject using it. Because our country is very different from developed countries in several parameters, we attempted to determine value of one time urinalysis (as screening) by dipstick and microscopy in asymptomatic children. Materials and Methods: This study is a descriptive-cross-sectional study. Sampling was randomized cluster, all 6831 cases (52.36% boys and 47.64% girls) selected from primary school children in Kermanshah City. Urine was examined for four parameters, blood, protein, pus, and glucose. Asymptomatic children with abnormal results re-examed. Result: All abnormal findings in first and second urinalysis were (1.06% and 0.56%) for boys (8.17% and 3.38%) for girls and (4.45% and 1.9%) for total subjects. The final results for four parameters are as follows: 1) For Hematuria these numbers were (0.39% and 0.25%) (0.8% and 0.25%) and (0.59% and 0.25%). 2) For Proteinuria they were (0.36% and 0.17%) (1.66% and 0.49%) (0.98% and 0.32%) 3) For Glucosuria they were (0.08% and 0.06%) (0.18% and 0.06%) (0.13% and 0.06%) and finally, for Pyuria they were (0.28% and 0.14%) (6.39% and 2.89%) (3.19% and 1.45%). Conclusion: The results of this study were comparable with those of Kaplans. These results in all parameters, in comparison with that of Kaplans (except for Glucosuria and proteinuria) had more frequency. In this study the effect of sex on pyuria and proteinuria was statistically significant. Therefore we recommend to obtain single screening urinalysis (by Dipstick and Microscopy) at early school age.

Introduction: Surgical site infection is one of the most common nosocomial infections and today it is believed that this infection caused by bacterias which penetrate into the wound during operation. Surgery team members who have much contact with surgical site tissues, can control this infection by observing infection control principles. This study was done in order to determine performance rate of surgery team members in observing infection control principles in operation rooms. Materials and Methods: This study is a descriptive study in which 80 surgical team members participated. For collection data a questionnaire was employed to record demographic characters of participants and a cheek list used to determine their performance rate regarding the observance of infection control principles. By employing checklist, the recorded performance of each participant via hidden observation was done three times. Results: The results showed that performance rate of participants with regard to observing infection control principles was moderate, by the way correlation study indicated that the relationship between participants performance rate and their job,work Experience and age was not statistically significant while the relationship between participants performance rate and their sex was statistically significant, that is women performance rate was better than that of men's. Conclusion: This study showed that the participants did not observe certain infection control principles. Therefore while-working education, activating infection control committee in operation room, performing supervised mechanism, employing new antiseptic materials for surgery scrub and replacing traditional methods by new ones seems to be necessary.

Introduction: Subarachnoid hemorrhage is the forth most frequent cause of cerebrovascular disorder, which is rare in children. The peak incidence of this disorder occurs between ages 35 to 65. The most frequent cause of nontraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage is saccular aneurysm. Rupture of saccular aneurysm has a wide range of clinical presentations from mild headache to death. So, this disorder can be fatal and worth considering. The incidence of some disorders such as aortic coarctation is increased among patients suffering from saccular aneurysm. Case Report: In October 2003 a 12 year- old- boy was admitted to hospital with severe headache and transient loss of consciousness. There was no history of headache. He had signs of meningeal irritation without fever. Clinical presentation and brain CT scan showed that hemorrhage originated from aneurysm of anterior communicating artery. He was hypertensive and pulses of lower limbs were not detected .He had a 3/6 systolic murmur. By doing echocardiography the presence of aortic coarctation was documented. Discussion and Conclusion: 80%of non-traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage cases are related to saccular aneurysms and the rest are related to arteriovenous malformation or mycotic aneurysms. Approximately 90 to 95% of saccular aneurysms lie in the anterior part of the circle of Willis. The most common site is anterior communicating artery. Saccular aneurysms sometimes are accompanied by some disorders such as polycyctic kidney, fibro muscular dysplasia, Ehler Danlos syndrome, Osler Weber Randu syndrome and aortic coarctation. So these accompanied disorders should be taken in to account in a patient with subarachnoid hemorrhage.