NANOMEDICINE RESEARCH JOURNAL
Year:2019 | Volume:4 | Issue:2|Papers Count:8

Objective(s): In the developed countries, one of the leading causes of death is cancer. Cancer cells with their unique and destructive characteristics impose high costs on communities. Methods: In this study, we will review the latest cancer researches and diagnostic tools. Results: Existing technologies, using clinical markers and studying the polymeric screeners of cancer cells, have created kits that make cancer diagnosis at early stages. The study of the survival mechanism in malaria and honey bee and the development of bacterial engineering has created new approaches to create powerful tools for cancer detection and control. Conclusions: The completion of these processes will create the potential for cancer eradication. Study of the survival mechanisms in nature and purposive modeling of it will lead to provide many solutions to solve the problems. These studies can lead to develop accurate diagnostic and therapeutic tools.

Curcumin, which is derived from the turmeric rhizomes (curcuma longa) as a natural polyphenol, is a substantially lipophilic molecule. This commonly used substance is employed as a coloring agent and spice in food and contains potent antioxidant, as well as anti-inflammatory, and anti-proliferative tumor activities. The developed nanomicelle formulations of curcumin are used to promote the bio-availability and solubility of the above-mentioned lipophilic molecule. The present investigation aimed to examine the anti-proliferative activity of nanomicelle and free curcuminoids by using different cancer and normal cells using a tetrazolium dye-based assay. To this end, various cell lines were treated with nanomicelle or free curcuminoids at different concentration of 5, 10, 20, 30, and 40 μ M for 48 hours at 37 oC. Our results demonstrated that the half maximal inhibitory concentrations of the micellar form of curcuminoids for different cancer cell lines were as high as its levels measured for its free form but in normal cells, the toxicity of nanomicelles is lower than free form of curcuminoids.

Objective(s): Compared the nanoparticles form of Miana leaves with its extracts, even in single state or ointment preparation. Hence, SPSS program using Paired T Test is obtained to know the differences between them. Methods: The method used in this research is experiment in which try to change the extract form to be nanoparticles and be compared. The mixture of Poly Acrylic Acid (PAA) and calcium chloride using ionic glass method could change the size of Miana leaves’ ethanol extract to be nanoparticle with the average diameter amounted 89, 77 nm. The equality showed that 2, 50% of Miana leaves is equal with 1, 17% of nanoparticles Miana leaves extract. Results: The result indicated that ethanol Miana leaves extract had antibacterial activities toward Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The nanoparticles form proven can improve the stability and medicine’ s administration. In the medicine administration system, nanoparticles has function as carrier by dissolving, trap, encapsulate, and attached the medicine in the matrix. Then, by mixed poly acrylic acid and calcium chloride using ionic glass method, the nanoparticles would be formed. Conclusions: This research indicated that Miana leaves extract of nanoparticles ointment is safe and did not irritate the skin.

The usage of nanoparticles (NPs) has been expanded to many fields such as agriculture, food industry, medicine and biotechnological fields. Therefore, human exposure to NPs is increasing continuously. Accordingly, their potential biological effect and toxicity of NPs for humans and the environment is still a topic of concern. This study aimed to investigate the cytotoxicity effects of magnesium oxide (MgO) and silica (SiO2) NPs on human colon adenocarcinoma (HT-29) after 24 hours of exposure. In this study, cytotoxicity of MgO and SiO2NPs was evaluated using MTT assay after 24 hours of MgO (50 nm) and SiO2 (90-110 nm) NP sexposure at doses of 25-200 μ g/ml. Moreover, to assess the rate of cell apoptosis, cells were stained with ethidium bromide/acridineorange stain. The staining was examined under a fluorescent microscope. The exposure of HT29 cells to SiO2 and MgO NPs increased cytotoxicity in a dose-dependent response. Also, these results revealed a significant increase in apoptosis induction in groups treated with MgO and SiO2 NPs. These results showed that SiO2 and MgO NPs can cause cytotoxicity in HT29 cells and it is better to avoid using them in foodstuff and food packaging ingredients.

The present study introduces a new approach for the surface radical grafting of n-vinylcaprolactam as a thermoresponsive agent and 3-allyloxy-1, 2-propandiol with an affinity toward ceftriaxone onto modified Fe₃ O₄ nanoparticles by 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane. Characterization of the grafted nanoparticles was performed by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Elemental Analysis, and Vibrating Sample Magnetometer. The surface morphology was examined by Scanning Electron Microscopy. The obtained grafted nanoparticles were employed to determine trace ceftriaxone in biological human fluids. Ceftriaxone uptake profile by the modified magnetic nanoparticles demonstrated that the active sites were well accessible in the grafted nano carrier. Results showed that the adsorption behavior was fittable by the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model. Moreover, our investigation included solid phase extraction for simulated human biological fluids (e. g., gastric and intestinal fluids). Recovery of extraction of human biological fluids was over 90% was achieved in the present research. Overall, magnetic nanoparticles coated with sensitive polymer have proved to enjoy unique properties in biotechnology and drug delivery research.

Treatments of tetrazolate salts, malononitrile and sodium azide using NiO nanoparticles with benzyl bromide gave the corresponding 1, 5-and 2, 5-disubstituted tetrazoles. Reaction of tetrazolate salts with 2, 4′-dibromoacetophenone by NiO nanoparticles provided 2, 5-disubstituted derivatives as an only isomer. The structures of tetrazoles were characterized by 1H and 13C NMR spectra, FT-IR spectra, MS and elemental analysis. Use of simple and readily accessible starting materials, excellent yields, reusability of the catalyst, short reaction times, low amount of catalyst are some advantages of this protocol. Their antimicrobial activity has been tested in vitro against Gram positive bacteria; Gram negative bacteria and fungi. Four compounds have only moderate growth inhibitory effects against Gram positive bacteria. The antimicrobial screening suggests that compounds 5h; 6h; 5g and 6g have only medium growth inhibitory effects against Gram positive bacteria. Among the newly synthesized compounds; good antimicrobial activity was observed for compound 6g against Staphylococcus epidermidis (MIC value 125 μ g/ml).

Introduction: The Co-word analysis has the ability to identify the intellectual structure of knowledge in a research domain and reveal its subsurface research aspects. Objective(s): This study examines the intellectual structure of knowledge in the field of nanomedicine during the period of 2009 to 2018 by using Co-word analysis. Methods: This paper develops a scientometric approach about nanomedicine over a data set of 2, 798 documents published over a period of 10 years (2009– 2018) on PubMed databases. The data was analyzed using co-word, clustering methods and strategic diagram assisted by SPSS, Ucinet, and VOSviewer software. Results: The top journal that published papers on the field was Nanomedicine (London, England). The results showed that the keyword "nanoparticles" and two pairs of frequently-used keywords namely "Drug delivery systems * Nanoparticles" were the most frequent in the field of nanomedicine. Application of hierarchical clustering led to the formation of 9 clusters. "Drug Delivery System (emphasis on cancer)" is the core cluster and plays an effective role. The other clusters like "Nano diagnostic", "Drug design" and "Renovated Medicine" are in marginal. Conclusions: This study represented that Co-Word analysis can well illustrate the intellectual structure of an area. The frequency of keywords as well as formed clusters demonstrate that the majority of research approaches include Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology. Despite the importance of other aspects as well as Nanosafety/ nanotoxicology and new medical products and equipment such as nanorobots have not been considered.

Objective(s): Cardiotoxicity is considered the main cause of death in aluminum phosphide (ALP)-poisoned cases. Curcumin, an active ingredient of turmeric, is a potent protective polyphenol compound against cardiac diseases including cardiotoxicity. This study aimed to examine the probable cardioprotection potential of nanomicelle curcumin in a rat model of ALP-induced cardiotoxicity. Methods: The rats were orally intoxicated with ALP (12 mg/kg, p. o.; 1/4 LD50). In treatment groups, curcumin (50 mg/kg, i. p. ) and nanocurcumin (10, 20 and 50 mg/ kg, i. p. ) were administered intraperitoneally 30 min following ALP administration. Twenty four hrs subsequent to ALP intoxication, the hearts were dissected out for evaluation of oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation (LPO) markers such as thiol, reactive oxygen species (ROS), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH) levels, malondialdehyde (MDA) and the ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP). Results: In fact, ALP increased MDA as well as ROS and SOD levels. On the other hand, ALP significantly lowered thiol, GHS and FRAP markers. In contrast, nanocurcumin successfully could reverse the increases in MDA as well as SOD, ROS and GSH. Simultaneously, it significantly enhanced thiol, GHS and FRAP markers. Moreover, curcumin markedly lowered MDA, ROS and SOD levels while increased thiol and GSH contents. Conclusions: Overall, the present data demonstrated the cardio-protective effects of nanocurcumin in this model of cardiotixicity. Further, it suggested that this cardioprotecton is possibly mediated by the ability of nanocurcumin to confront the oxidative stress and LPO resulting from ALP intoxication of the heart tissue.