ZABANPAZHUHI (Iranian Journal of Language Research)
Year:2010 | Volume:1 | Issue:2|Papers Count:9

This study investigates Persian verb processing during sentence comprehension.The question is whether or not the representational complexity of Persian verbs in lexicon affects real-time sentence processing in normal listeners. Complexity has been defined in terms of the kinds of structural (syntactic) and lexical (semantic) information arrayed against verbs in their lexical entries. The method contained cross-modal lexical decision (CMLD) task which examined on-line sentence processing and run by reaction time measuring software program naming DMDX. The stimuli consisted of 72 simple intransitive and 72 simple transitive Persian verbs used in the formation of 288 sentences. Performing the test processing time of those sentences has been measured and then compared to each other.Regarding the findings, the processing time can be attributed to the independent variable of "verb class" and "sentence type". As for the results, they showed that sentence and verb processing are affected by syntactic and semantic modules of grammar. It is related to syntax since sentence type variable and the number of complements are two defining factors of sentence processing time and to semantics since the number of semantic roles attributed to participants in the verb event directly affect sentence processing.In other words, verb processing time within sentence during sentence comprehension is affected by sentence syntactic structure (simple vs. complex) and verb type (transitive vs. intransitive).

As listening is assumed as a passive skill or as it is difficult to study and conduct researches on this skill, the number of studies based on this skill are less than the studies done on the other skills. The primary purpose of this study was to find any possible differences between high and low proficient listeners and high and low motivated learners' metacognitive awareness of listening strategies. The secondary purpose was to find the relationship between listening proficiency and motivation of the participants. The findings of this study indicated that high and low proficient listeners were significantly different in using the listening strategies, i.e., in 18 strategies out of a total of 21 strategies (high proficient listeners were significantly higher than low proficient ones in using 13 strategies, while low proficient listeners were significantly higher than high proficient listeners in using 5 (bad or negative) strategies). However high and low motivated learners did not show such a significant difference (high motivated learners were only significantly higher than low motivated ones in using 2 strategies). Finally, this study demonstrated that listening proficiency and motivation had a positive relation with each other, though not a strong one.

Living in the Global Village affected all aspects of our life with Information Technology and Communications in particular the educational aspects.Teaching and Learning of Foreign languages are one of the leading components in this transformation because of its multinational nature.As the IT based methods of teaching and learning of languages (e- Learning) are newly developed, its capacities and qualities are not fully identified yet. Therefore a comprehensive research and study in various methods which are currently being used throughout the World Wide Web is a must and is considered as a fundamental study in this field.This research is not only helpful for foreign language teachers and students who want to know how to use e-Learning, but also with lightening the dark corners of this new leaning interface, intends to modify and optimize this method in order to yield up the achievements of learning.The following questions bear in mind of a professional teacher when working with E-Learning: 1. What are the characteristics, advantages and disadvantages of ELearning, and in view of those characteristics, is it wise to consider ELearning as an “Independent& complete tool” for teaching French language to Iranian students or it is only a “prop tool” which has to be applied in parallel with usual courses.2. What are the Iranian students’ demands and requirements while learning French language through E-Learning.3.Considering the results of evaluations of E-Learning methods and Iranian students’ requirements, which elements and characteristics should be considered for planning a French Language E-Learning website for Iranian students.This work is aiming to answer the above mentioned questions, in the meantime to recognize and remove as many difficulties as possible.20 Iranian students have been observed and examined through a French Language E-Learning method during the practical study in order to put forward a fresh know-how of applying this new learning tool and help the experts to layout an Iranian version of this tool. The outcomes of this research can also help foreign language teachers to propose the content of the courses.

Evaluation is the relation between oral and practical translation. In this field talking about general and points are numerous. Even, for different model of evaluation, the mentioned standards for good translation, sometimes are generals. Therefore, everybody can ate his opinion. This problem is serious about translated texts of Arabic to Persian and vice versa which is weak in theories, to straggle this thesis is recognized subtle and to see little standards on the basis of Sciencenethod for evaluation translated text of Arabic to Persian. So far as possible translators with supporting this method defense himself and either evaluators suggestion on the basis of translated text to withdraw using tact. On the basis of suggested model in this theses could judgment science and subtle for translated text of Arabic to Persian and result of evaluation to advance with use of quality assessment replace of quantity assessment. In this model, evaluation is contain two factors “guidance & inter-text”. On the basis of it can evaluate translated text with draw interference tact and personal opinion.

The aim of this study is to investigate the argument structure of deverbal nouns in Persian on the basis of Lexical Functional Grammar and to describe how the semantic roles of a verb can be represented in constituent structure of the equivalent deverbal noun. Data analyzes indicate that Mapping Principles in Lexical Functional Grammar can properly determine that in Persian the agent in transitive deverbal noun is realized as oblique and in intransitive deverbal noun as postnominal possessor. Whereas the semantic roles of patient and theme in transitive deverbal noun are realized as possessor. According to Mapping Principles the semantic role of agent in nouns which are derived from passive construction can be realized as oblique in constituent structure.

Today, one of the most crucial problems that researchers, translators and students of Arabic and Persian literature, and those interested in the literary studies of fiction, confront is the inaccessibility of proper equivalents for the literary terms in this field. The discrepancy, innumerability and disharmony among the employed literary expressions in literary criticism and analyses of fictional texts are often influenced by such factors as the imported modern fiction literature, the taste-based and inexpert translation of some terms and the absence of authentic dictionaries and encyclopedias.This research with this objective to clarify and reduce the ambiguities and the meaning loss of critical fictional terms intends to analyze and evaluate their authenticity, accuracy and comprehensiveness. This will hopefully be achieved through collecting and investigating the roots of some existing scattered and incongruent expression and equivalents in the critical text.Then it attempted to propose some terms with regard to their wide usage.The importance of this study depends on its respose to the abovementioned complex problem.Since the plot is one of the most fundamental and controversial elements of fiction discussed in critical texts, this term and its related exponents such as conflict, complication, crisis; climax, anagnorsis (recognition; discovery; epiphany or self- illumination), periperty (reversal), denouement and suspense are analyzed and reconsidered. Then they will be compared with Persian and Arabic equivalents with regard to their meanings and functions.The method used in this research is mostly based on the comparative analysis.

This study presents a perceptual analysis of voice onset time (VOT) as an acoustic correlate of voicing distinction in standard contemporary Persian. Absolute identification tasks and AX discrimination tasks were performed on synthetic syllables varying in VOT. The discrimination triads were made by pairing stimuli at one, two and three step intervals along the VOT continuum. Thithy nine native-speakers participated in the experiments. It was shown that Persian speakers differentiated voiced from voiceless stops in initial position by means of VOT. The category boundary effect appeared for all voiced-voiceless pairs i.e., identification and discrimination d's were largest around the boundaries. Discrimination was acute at all three steps although three step pairs were easier to discriminate.It is concluded that VOT correlates strongly with the two-way voicing contrast at each place of articulation where the contrast operates. The experiments admitted the results of previous production experiments and revealed that the voicing contrast in Persian stop consonants is represented by {voiceless unaspirated} and {voiceless aspirated} categories in initial position.