PLANT ECOPHYSIOLOGY (ARSANJAN BRANCH)
Year:2009 | Volume:1 | Issue:1|Papers Count:10

In order to investigate evaluate the relation of physiological to corn grain yield an experiment was conducted in Arsajan of Fars in 2009. The experiment was in factorial using randomized blocks design consisting of corn hybrid in 6 levels (704, 504, 666, Maxima, Zola and Jeta) and 3 densities (4, 8 and 12 plants m-2).The results showed that there was significant difference between corn hybrids.The highest grain yield was observed in 504 followed by 704 and 666 and the lowest yield observed in Jeta. There was no significant difference between planting densities but different hybrids showed different responses to changing densities. The highest LAI was observed in 704 and 504 and highest CGR observed in 504. In addition 666 and 504 had high RGR values that imply positive roles of these physiological traits in grain yield. Physiological traits responses in corn hybrids were changes with different density, as high yielding hybrids in low to optimum densities showed better yield physiological performance.

In this study, germination characters and growth of T.alexanderinum (berseem clover) at two levels of temperature regimes (250Cand 350C ) and five levels of salinity (distilled water, 3, 6, 9 and 12 ds/m) were studied using a completely randomized design with four replications. The results of the analysis of variance showed that the effects of different levels of salinity and temperature on germination percentage, rate of germination and length of hypocotyle were highly significant (p<0.01) but the effect of temperature on root length was not significant. Comparing germination percentage means showed that rate of germination decreased with increase in salinity. In comparing of control treatment the germination percentage at 250Cand 12ds/m Nacl down to 57%. Maximum germination rate was recorded at 350C temperature and control treatment and the minimum of this character was recorded at 350C and 12ds/m salinity. In both levels of treatment (25and 350C) with increase in salinity levels, differences between shoot and root lengths reached to minimum level.

In order to investigate the effects of nitrogen levels and local masses in green cumin an experiment conducted on split plot experiment in a randomized complete block design with four replications in Ismaeelabad research station of Qazvin during winter and spring 2006. Four levels of nitrogen were included 30, 60, 90, 120 kg/ha (of urea sources) and three local accessions named Sabzevar, Bojnord and Esfarayen were evaluated. The result of this study indicated that the nitrogen levels of 90 and 120 kh/ha had significant effect on grain yield ( 761.9 and 801 kg/ha respectively) and that this yield were more between the other. Local mass treats had difrrerence significant effect about grain yield, essential oil percentage, harvest index in surface unit. This results indicated that Esfarayen local mass was superior to other local mass on most of characters. The interaction of nitrogen levels and local mass was significant about the most of evaluated characters. Esfarayen local mass had more grain yield and essentioal oil yield.

In order to evaluate water deficit tolerance in two atumnal rapeseed cultivars on yield and its components, a split plot examination was carried out in form of complete basis project block in three repetitions in which the irrigation was the main factor in seven levels and also the variety was the accessory factor in two levels consisting of zarfam & opera.The results showed that the variety sign in friendly affect the seed yield, seed oil yield, seed oil percent (P<1%) and 1000 seed weight (P<5%) The interaction effects of irrigation and variety on pod number in the branch, the number of seed in fructify and seed per pod (P<5%) was signficast. in drought freatment the highest grain yield observed in zarfam (5133KG/HA) and stopping irrigation in stem elongation and flowering and stopping irrigation in flowering resulted in the least yield to opera variety allocated in conditions branching and of cutting irrigation in stage of flowering.

Rapeseed is one of the most important oil crops in the world and weed management is very important in this crop. There are relatively limited chemical herbicides for weed control in rapeseed. A farm experiment was conducted to examine the separate and combined effects of Alachlor, Trefelan, Butisan Star, Galant Super and Lontrel on rapeseed and associated weeds in Boushehr province (29° 44´ latitude, 52° 48´ altitudes and elevation of 70 m from see level) in 2007. Grain yield in Galant Super+Lontrel treated plots was similar to weed-free check. The numbers of broad leaved and grass weed significantly reduced in treatments containing Galant Super, Butisan Star and Lontrel. Dominant weed species (included White clover, Bullwort, Wildmustard, Lambsquarters, Wood Surrel and Sea Beat) were effectivly controlled by Butisan Star, Galant Super and Lontrel. By considering these results, post emergence application of Galant Super+Lontrel and Butisan Star are the good weed management treatment that can be recommended for rapeseed production in Bousheher province and other regions with similar agroclimate conditions.

Salinity is an environmental stress that limits growth and development in plants. most salinity problems in higher plants are related to increase NaCl. One of the most effective ways to overcome salinity problems is the introduction of salt tolerance to crops. Thus in the present study, effect of different salinity levels (0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 dS/m) on seedling of Lycopersicum esculentum (Dartom native, var. mobil) under hydroponic conditions were studied.Samplings were carried out after four, eight weeks and different parameter including chlrophyll a, b and raw chlrophyll were measured. Statistical analysis of the results was carried out using MSTAT-C and EXCEL soft wares. Results showed that increasing salinity levels was correlated to decrease in a, b and raw chlorophyl. Thus increase in salinity levels was accompanied with growth decrease. Visible symptoms including dramatic decrease of root and shoot growth and necrose older leaves were also observed in seedlings under salinity stress 9 dS/m for native variety and 12 dS/m for mobil variety treatments. Tomato seedlings tolerance threshold for salinity was determined at 8.5, and 11.5 dS/m respectively. At this concentration despite stunted growth, no visible toxicity symptoms were observed.

Evaluation and using of grapevine with high tolerance to the drought stress is one of the most important aims in grape breeding programs in Qazvin province. Indirect selection of drought tolerance of grape varieties was carried out based on morphological characteristics and cultivars with better characteristics to the drought stress tolerance were identified and selected. For this aim, a design in RCBD, with 4 replications in grape cultivars of Qazvin province were done. Characteristics, that they were studied, were: of RWC, leaf diameter, leaf area index, leaf hair and ripening time. analysis of data showed that Chafteh, Molae and Syahangoor were morphologically drought folerance.Then from those genotypes cutting were obtained and planted in nursery for 2 years. Plants were planted in experimental field in RCBD. In the other year those genotypes treated with 4 drought stress treatment. Drought stress treatments were irrigation to end of May, June, July and August. Data from this stage were analyzed with SPSS software and sensitivity index to the drought stress were calculated. Chafteh was known as the best tolerable genotype to the drought stress in Qazvin province.

Rangelands have had important roles in mankind food security as yet. Range plant supplies forage livestock. Therefore it is essential to investigate environmental factors affecting range plant and specially desirable forage species. The effect of soil and topography factors on dispersion and establishment of 10 desirable forage species (5 species of graminae, 5 species of leguminosae) was investigated in this study. These species were selected due to vast dispersion, palatability and more frequencies of them. Following identification of flora, sampling of vegetation achieved in 35 unit (homogenous for slope, aspect and elevation). In addition three hundred 1m2 plots for plant cover percentage were registered. Based on vast of work unit and available plant species, 1 to 3 soil samplings were collected. The results of DCA classification method show that both soil and topography factors had significant effects on dispersion and establishment of species of these two families. The results of CCA analysis show that leguminosae species is most dependent to soil organic carbon and nutrients. Also, graminae species was divided into two groups, some was depends to soil organic carbon and nutrients as well as leguminosae species, Bromous tomentellus and Hordeum fragile were more affected by elevation and slope. Finally, variation partitioning analysis shows that soil factors impacts dispersion of leguminosae species much more than topography factors (3 fold). Also investigating graminae family showed that topography factors have more effecting in this family distribution.