JOURNAL OF ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT (QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES)
Year:2015 | Volume:8 | Issue:1 (28)|Papers Count:10

Introduction & Objective: The monoclonal antibodies are the specific proteins that used widely in targeted therapy. Herceptin is a monoclonal antibody that is used for treatment of breast cancer. In this study, the radiolabeling of Herceptin antibody with technetium was evaluated as the first step in the production of a new radiopharmaceutical agent.Materials and Methods: All the quality control tests include radiochemical purity, immunoreactivity, stability in phosphate buffer and human blood serum were determined and finally the biodistribution study of this complex in souris mice was performed.Results: The radiochemical purity of the complex was 97±2%. The stabilities in phosphate buffer and in human blood serum at 24 hours post preparation were 84±1% and 75±2%, respectively. The immunoreactivity of the complex was 86±3%. No specific accumulation of activity was found in mice organs.Conclusion: The findings showed that the new radiopharmaceutical can be a promising candidate for diagnostic applications in wide spectrum of human cancers.

Introduction & Objective Studies have shown that stress has different effects on the body's endocrine system. Exposure to stressful conditions causes changes in thyroid hormone. With respect to the role of probiotics in reducing stress, the purpose of this study the effects of probiotic Bacillus brevis native Iranian thyroid hormones T3, T4 in male rats under chronic restraint stress.Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 32 male Wistar rats aged 4 weeks and weighing approximately 110-130 gr. After adaptation for 10 days, animals randomly divided into 4 groups. Negative and positive control groups daily-received 1 ml of PBS buffer with pH: 7.2 while positive control received chronic restraint stress (CRS) for 15 minutes each day. Two Trial Groups were daily gavage with 1 ml of PBS with Bacillus brevis (2×109 cfu/ml). Trial group 2 received CRS for 21 days of experiments. Animals killed at the end of experiment and blood samples took from their hearts. The levels of T3 and T4 hormones assayed in the serum samples using ELISA methods.Results: Results obtained from this test to compare 2 groups of negative and positive control showed that stress caused a significant reduction in levels of 0.05367±0.001333 to 0.0444±0.001288 is (PValue=0.0008). While T4 level in experimental group 1 compared with negative control group no significant difference was observed. (PValue=00.0845). Levels of hormones T4 test group 2 compared with the positive control group increased (PValue<0.001). The amount of hormones T4 trial group 2 significantly greater than groups 1 so that the amount of hormone secretion from 0.05071±0.0008921 to 0.0637±0.01190 is reached (PValue<0.001). Therefore probiotics stress hormone T4 levels significantly increases the T3 no significant differences between groups were observed on.Conclusion: Probiotic Bacillus brevis T4 hormone levels in rats increases in stress conditions. The results of this study can be a contributing factor in the use of Bacillus brevis thyroid hormone levels may play an important role.

Introduction & Objective: Vitamins are organic compounds which are essential for normal growth and metabolic activities in fish and shrimp. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary vitamins E and B2 on growth performance of Acipenser nudiventris fingerlings.Materials and Methods: The feeding trial was conducted by a completely randomized design with six treatments. Acipenser nudiventris fingerlings with the initial mean weight of 30±1.5 g (mean±SD) were fed five experimental diets for 8 weeks; diet one supplemented with vitamin E (300 mg/kg), diet 2 supplemented with riboflavin (B2) (20mg/kg), diet 3 supplemented with vitamin E (300 mg/kg) and riboflavin (B2) (15 mg/kg), diet 4 supplemented with vitamin E (300 mg/kg) and riboflavin (B2) (20 mg/kg) and diet 5 supplemented with vitamin E (300 mg/kg) and riboflavin (B2) (25 mg/kg). A control group was also used that was fed a diet lacking vitamin E and B2. Blood parameters including RBC, WBC, hemoglobin and hematocrit and Immune system indicator (Lysosyme, IgM and Compliment) were determined.Results: The result showed. Increasing of vitamin E and Riboflavin were influenced on blood and immune system fish. Fish fed 300 mg/ kg dietary had highest erythrocyte, lysosyme activity, IgM, total immunoglobulin. Amount of hemoglobin and compliment activity in fish fed with 20 mg/kg riboflavin showed significant difference with control group (P<0.05). The result indicated blood in dices and immune system were improved by mixed of 300 and 20 mg/kg vitamin E and dietar also these parameters were improved by addition 300 and 200 mg/kg vitamin E and Riboflavin separately in diets.

Inroduction & Objective: Silver nanoparticles are very promising engineered which play an important role in the world biomedical, healthcare and in general nanotechnology applications. In this study, the necrotic effects of short and long term administrations of nanosilver on rat hippocampus, which is involved in memory and learning, was investigated.Materials and Methods: 56 male Wistar rats were divided into two groups of short term and long term injections which were treated for 5 and 10 consecutive days, respectively. Each group was divided into four subgroups of control, 100, 200 and 400 ppm nanosilver administration. The control subgroup received saline and the treatment subgroups received intraperitoneal injections of silver nanoparticles at doses of 100, 200 and 400ppm. Ten days after the last injection, the hippocampal tissue sections were prepared and the extent of necrosis was evaluated stained with Nissl.Results: In short term (5-day injection) group, the percentage of necrotic cells between control and 100 (p<0.01), 200 and 400 ppm were significant (p<0.001), showing statistically significant difference between control and treatment subgroups. In long term (10-day injection) group, the percentage of necrotic cells between control and 200 and 400 ppm subgroups were significant (p<0.001), respectively, again representing statistically significant difference between control and treatment subgroups.Conclusion: Silver nanoparticles induce necrosis in rat hippocampal cells. For the administration regime considered in this study, this apoptotic effect increases at higher doses but is independent of the duration of exposure.

Introduction & Objective: Physical activity exhausting the release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitrogen species activated (RNS) is a well has a dual role as both deleterious and beneficial species is known. N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) acetylating of the amino-L-cysteine, which is converted in the body into metabolites that are capable of stimulating glutathione synthesis may be resulting in the elimination of free radicals. Effective properties of complementary N-acetylcysteine reduce fatigue and effects on sub maximal contractions.Material and Methods: This study used 16 female Wistar rats weighing 150 to 200 g and (8 to 10 weeks old) were divided into 2 groups. First group effervescent tablets were given (600 mg) of N-acetyl cysteine dissolved in water) four hours before the experiment by gavages and group was taken as the control. Blood samples were taken 1 hour before starting the exhaustive exercise - immediately after the exhaustive exercise and after one hour at rest.Results: Significant decrease was observed in the concentration of MDA immediately after the exhaustive exercise in the group consumed NAC and blood concentration of TAC one hour after exhaustive exercise as compared with the control (P£0.05). Reactive protein concentrations - C (CRP) in the period before, immediately and after exhaustive exercise did not show any significant difference.Conclusion: The results of our study demonstrated that orall administration of N-acetyl cystein at least four hours before an exhaustive exercise can significantly reduce the harmful effects of oxidative stress in rats.

Introduction & Objective: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease with epidemic potential. Diabetics are faced with complications of metabolic disorders and defects in their immune system. The use of immune system stimulating agents, such as beta-glucan is one of the researcher's interests to reduce the complications of diabetes. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of beta- glucan cell wall of Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains AT-3 on the respiratory burst of peripheral blood monocytes in patients with diabetes.Material and Methods: Peripheral blood of 53 patients with diabetes and 50 nondiabetic patients with an average of 39 years were sampled from Vali-Asr Hospital of Zanjan. Cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain AT-3 were broken using sonikator. The cell wall was isolated. Beta- glucan was extracted from the wall. Nitro Blue Tetrazolium test was used to evaluate the respiratory burst of monocytes stimulated with beta glucan. Data were analyzed using multi-way ANOVA.Results: The results indicated that the respiratory burst of stimulated monocytes was increased in both men and women. The effect was dose dependent and it was significantly higher in women (p˂0.01).Conclusion: Beta- glucan extracted from Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain AT-3 is a potent immune system activator.

Introduction & Objective: With the industrialization of the nanotechnology, application of nanoparticles will increase in modern technology and many people exposure to this particles. So, study of effect of different concentration of nanoparticles on health impacts is necessary. The main aim of this study was to assess acute toxicity of Mo nanoparticles on serum biochemical function of liver in rat.Material and Methods: In this experimental study, 24 male rats were randomly divided into four groups of six. The first was control group and tree groups were treatment. Animals in the first group (control) received 1 ml distilled water and treatment groups received intraperitoneally injection of Molybdenum nano particles (5, 10, 15 mg/Kg/BW) daily during 28 days. After the last dose, blood samples were taken from all groups and levels of LDH, ALT, AST and ALP were measured and groups were compared together.Results: The results showed that both doses of 5 and 10 mg/Kg/BW decreased significantly AST level compared to control group (p<0.05). Significant decrease in LDH level at 5 mg/Kg/BW dose obtained in compared to control group (p<0.05) and no significant difference obtained in ALT and ALP levels.Conclusion: The result of this study showed that Molybdenum nanoparticles at low concentrations because of its antagonistic effects on copper metabolism are not acute toxic.

Introduction & Objective: Acetaminophen (paracetamol, APAP) is a widely used analgesic and antipyretic drug. At the therapeutic doses, APAP is considered a safe drug. However, its toxic doses can lead to liver damage and is often fatal. The hepatotoxicity of APAP is mainly a result of oxidative stress mediated by the metabolite of APAP, that is, N-acetyl-para-benzoquinon imine (NAPQI). The present study was undertaken to evaluate protective activity of the aqueous extract of Capparis spinosa (Capparidaceae) fruit against APAP-induced hepatotoxicity in rats.Material & Methods: In this study, animals randomly were divided into five groups (6 rats in each group). The safe and APAP-intoxicated control groups were received normal saline and the remaining groups received aqueous extract with different doses 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg by gavage. For induction of hepatotoxicity, in the end of the treatment, APAP (500 mg/kg, orally) were given animals except safe control group.Results: The serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and total bilirubin significantly decreased in the groups received the extract when were compared to APAP-intoxicated control (P<0.05). In addition, histopathology of liver showed that the extract has reduced the hepatotoxicity induced by APAP.Conclusion: These findings suggest that C. spinosa fruit extract can prevent APAP-induced hepatotoxicity in rats and this is likely mediated through its antioxidant properties.