JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE PATHOBIOLOGY IRAN
Year:2011 | Volume:8 | Issue:1|Papers Count:7

In this research 96 samples of Rainbow Trout fish feed, during the seasons of spring and summer of 2007 (every fifteenth of the month) were rondomized (by simple and stratified rondoms) to determine:1. The prevalence rate of aflatoxigenic species of Aspergillus in stored feed of cold-water cultural fish in West Azarbayjan cultural fish farms in both seasons (spring and summer);2. The residues of total aflatoxin in stored feed of fish in cultural fish farms of West Azarbayjan in both seasons by ELISA method; and 3. The residues of that toxin in feed produced in aquatic feed factories in Tehran and West Azarbyjan provinces with the same method.In order to study prevalence rate of toxigenic species of Aspergillus, standard No.997 of Iranian Standard Inistitute, were used. The produced colonies were examined microscopically. To determine the aflatoxins residues, ELISA method using Agra-Quant kit of Romer lab. Company, were applied.The results of this survey indicated that only 8.3% of the samples were infected by A. flavus. A. parasiticus was not observed. There were no significant differences between the prevalence rate of AFT and seasons/monthes, either (P<0.05).Evaluating mean of aflatoxin rate showed that the rates of this variable are lower than the tolerance levels designated by the joint FAO/WHO expert committee. Furthermore, mean of total AFT residues rates of stored feed of various cultural center of West Azarbayjan and Tehran factories were comparable in spring and summer, and no significant differences were observed (P<0.05). But there were significant differences between the total aflatoxin rates in the feed of W. Azarbayjan factory and spring and summer (P<0.05), and AFT residues in spring (8.6 ppb) were higher than summer (6.1 ppb).In conclusion, the finally results of this survey indicated that the lower rates of Aspergillus is not effective on the presence of total aflatoxin rates in trout feed. Due to low levels of aflatoxin rates (lower than 20 ppb), the produced feed of cold-cultural fishes, Rainbow Trout, in Tehran and West Azarbayjan provinces, in spring and summer of 2007, were safe and healthy both for fish and their consumers.

Diabetes is a disease characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion or action or both. This results in damage dysfunction and failure of various organs especially for the eyes, kidney, heart and blood vessels. Probiotics bacteria defined as live microorganisms which when administered to adequate amounts confer a health benefit on the host. Probiotics have been used for treatment of various type of diarrhea, urogenital infection, gastrointestinal diseas such as, cohn, s disease and pouchitis. Scientist has suggested that LAB containing fermented foods can be involved in the management of chronic metabolic such as a diabetes mellitus disorder.Materials and methods: Yello carrot juice was strilled by 110o, 10 min then inoculums 104 cfu/ml of Lactobacillus acidophilus and incobated in 37o c for 24 h with 5% co2. Kinetic of Lactobacillus acidophilus growth in carrot juice was measured every 2 hours. Survival of Lactobacillus acidophilus in carrot juice in 4, 25, 37o c was measured every 48 h by. Change of pH, Lactic acid and glucose were measured during storged. The rats keeped at room with 24±2 temperature with 12h light /12h dark cycle. Diabetic situation was confirmed by IP injection of stereptozotocin (STZ). Animals were assigned to a normal group, diabetic group, diabetic group that consumed carrot juice, diabetic group that consumed probioticated carrot juice. After 14 days treatment, the level of the blood glucose was measured.Result: Probioticated yellow carrot juice could decrease significantly blood glucose level in diabetic rats. Increase in the population of LAB in the intestine as a result of the administration of probioticated carrot juice may result in increased demands for glucose for normal energy requirement of these organisms to run their metabolic activities. This may lead to a decrease in the glucose concentration released in to the serum and various organs of the animals. Therefore this research indicates that LAB in carrot juice may be capable for reversing diabetic situation.

The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of probiotics on the prevention of food poisoning and bacterial diarrhea in dogs. In order to achieve this, 15 male dogs from persian sheep dog breed, ages 1 to 2 years and 20 to 25 kg of weight were selected and after being physically examined were divided randomly in to 3 groups including one control (witness) group and two sub treatment groups which were fed by healthy, poisoned food containing probiotics (9 grams of primalac per 10 kg of food) and poisoned food respectively. In addition to the examination of general symptoms, starting from the 2nd day of the research, the feces of each dog were collected with 12 hour intervals and were examined for the total number aerobic microbes.In this study the total number of aerobic microorganisms per each gram of feces on the 1st day was measured as the following: 73.4×105 in the control groups, 77.6×105 in the 1st sub treatment group and 80.1×105 in the 2nd sub treatment group following the study, the number of aerobic microorganisms of the feces in the 1st sub treatment group decreased gradually and reached 36.1×105 bacteria per 1 gram of feces on the 6th day, which showed a significant difference with the first day.The average aerobic microorganisms of the faces in the 2nd sub treatmentincreased gradually and reached 172.5×105 bacterial per 1 gram of feces on the last day. In this group, there was also a significant difference between the number of bacterial on the first day and other days of the study. Other signs and changes intensified on 5th and 6th days of the study.The result of the study showed that probiotics have an effective role on the decrease of digestive problems in a way that their addition to the diet of the 1st sub treatment group significantly decreased the occurrence of food poisoning in this group.

Osteogenesis, Osteoiduction, Osteoconduction are three essential elements of bone regeneration along with final biding between host bones and grafting material.In this study, six-month-old male New Zealand rabbits with a body mass of about 2.5 kg were used. 15 rabbits randomly divided into three groups. In group I in both hands ulna bone was defected (3*1.5 mm) without any treatment. Just some omental and white fat cutted and removed. In group II ulna bone of right hand was defected (3*1.5 mm) and omentum of animal itself was used for grafting. In group III ulna bone of left hand was defected and white fat abdominal was used for grafting. Movements of animal were evaluated in days 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40 of observation.In all three groups First radiography was done just after operation. And also in days 15, 30, 45 of experiment. According to data obtained all three type of callus in group II were vastly generated. Osteogenesis procedure in omentum group was higher than other groups.Histopathology results in group I showed Perriosteal and modularly bridging callus beside bone marrow and fibroses tissues were vastly generated. In group II Osteogenesis in sponge form and blood vascularatin was so much and small amount of Fibroses tissues were seen. Furthermore Perriosteal and modularly bridging callus were noticed. In group III Between fibroses tissue some fat tissue were also visible. Along with fibroses tissue Osteogenesis was in progress. Fibroblasts changed to octeocytes. Result obtained from histomorphometry indicates that differences among groups were meaningful (P-value <.05) and Osteogenesis procedure in group II was higher than other groups 72.3±2.02.It seems, in future to speed up osteo repairs omental graft will be more extensively used. Because this method gives all desired advantages. Furthermore based on the results, to avoid adhesion fat grafting will be rejected.

Mycoplasma agalactiae is the etiological agent of contagious agalactia that is a serious disease affecting sheep and goat. It occurs mainly in Mediterranean country and western Asia including Iran. It is characterized by mastitis and decline and subsequent failure of milk production, arthritis, keratoconjuctivitis and in appetence. The aim of the study was to detection of Mycoplasma agalactiae by culture and PCR method from affected sheep in Baft.This survey was on all sheep and consume 1 year in 4 seasons in Baft. Dubious herds were under purposive sampling and samples were including milk secretion, conjunctival swab and synovial fluid. These samples enriched in PPLO broth media and for Mycoplasma species detection cultured in PPLO agar media and were characterized by amplification of 16S ribosomal RNA genes showed specific amplicon at 163 bp in PCR method. Positive specimens examined for M. agalactiae detection by amplification of lipoprotein gene that showed specific amplicon at 375 bp. From 17 samples, 8 Mycoplasma species identify that at one sample M. agalactiae species detected and M. agalactiae confirmed in 12.5 percent of Mycoplasma samples. This is the first report of M. agalactiae detection from affected sheep by two methods: culture and PCR method in Iranian sheep.This study shown 87.5 percent of contagious agalactia agents in Baft County are related to other species. However, in different sources main agent of 90 percent of this infection was M. agalactiae species.

Avian Metapneumovirus infection (aMPV) as a causative agent of two serious respiratory disease including Turkey Rhinotracheitis (TRT) and Swollen Head Syndrome (SHS) which leads decreasing flock performance like poor growing in commercial turkeys and broilers and reducing egg production in Breeders and layers. This study was carried out to examine the Seroprevalence of Avian Metapneumovirus infection in Broiler Breeder flocks of Iran by ELISA technique. So 27 Broiler Breeder flock from 11 provinces which are major producers of day old chicks, have been selected randomly and A total of 540 serum samples were collected and were examined by ELISA test (ART-BioChek-Netherland). Results showed that 92.59% of Breeder flocks and sera were positive and 2 others were suspect, based on interpretation of ELISA kit. Moreover 92.77% of samples were positive, 3.70% suspect and others negative. There was a positive correlation between the presence of respiratory signs and antibodies to aMPV(P<0.05). This study indicates that seroprevalence of aMPV is high in Iranian Broiler Breeder flocks and further studies such as virus isolation and molecular techniques in order to characterization of current subtypes in the field is suggested.

The object of this study was to determine the effect of feed form and Long-time cold exposure at mediam age on the incidence of ascites syndrome and its related parameters in male broiler chickens at low altitude regions. Therefore, 360 one-day-old (Ross308) male broiler chickens were chosen and divided in two groups of 6 replicates (pellet and mash feed group) until 21 day in which they were in same condition. Then half of the birds from each group were reared to lower ambient temperature(13) from 3 to 6 weeks and the other of half were reared under normal temperature (22). Feed conversion ratio, weight gain, feed consumption and mortality caused by ascites were recorded weekly and at the end 6 week the blood samples were collected to determine hematocrit values. Ascites incidence and mortality in mash feed groups were lower than in pellet feed groups (P<0.05) and also was not mortality due to ascites in mash group plus control. Evaluation of growth parameters showed that during the period of 22 to 42 days, weight gain and feed consumption between cold and control groups were significantly different (P<0.05), however the difference between groups in feed conversion ratio was not significant and growth parameters in cold group chickens were higher than control group chickens. The hematocrit rate, heterophil / lymphocyte (H/L) ratio and ventricle weight per total ventricle weight (RV/TV) ratio was higher in pellet group plus cold than the other groups (P<0.05) but these parameters were lower in mash feed group. This study showed that mash feed reduced the incidence of ascite by lower feed consumption and receiving energy which caused growing slowly and therefore reduced metabolic activity of chickens.