Veterinary Research & Biological Products
Year:2011 | Volume:24 | Issue:1 (90)|Papers Count:8

Ixodidae family members have got their importance due to their ability to transmit different pathogens to their hosts. There are some losses due to their direct blood feeding that may lead to anemia, tick paralysis and hide damage too. In this study three geographical strains of Hyalomma were collected from fields. They have been reared at laboratory in incubator and on rabbit and sheep for blood feeding. Different characteristics related to their life cycle have been studied and data were put in special tables. Both strains act as two host ticks and species diagnosis was confirmed asH. anatolicum anatolicum. The preovipositon periods were 7 days and 4 days for Eshtehard and Boushehr strains respectively. Minimum durations for whole life cycle under optimal conditions are 100days and 76 days for Eshtehard and Boushehr strains respectively. It has been concluded that these strains could have three and 4.8 generations per year for Eshtehard and Boushehr strains respectively. Minimum duration for whole life cycle under optimal conditions for Lorestan strain was 75 to 80 days. Starvation tolerance times were 220 and 162 days for adult stages of Eshtehard and Boushehr strains respectively. Total eggs laid for a female tick (Boushehr strain) was (6000±150) and a 0.07 milligram weight for one egg was calculated.

This experiment was conducted using 216 male chicken (Ross 308) to evaluate the effects of organic selenium and sodium bicarbonate supplementation on blood parameters, growth performance and carcass characteristics in heat stress condition. Birds were reared under same condition and fed with similar diets till 28 d of age. At 28 days of old, broiler with similar weight were regrouped within dietary treatments and fed finisher diets for the following 14 d. The temperature was increased to 35oC for 7 h/d. The experiment was conducted using a randomized complete block design with the 2×3 factorial method. Experimental diets were prepared by adding 0 or 0.3 mg/kg of organic selenium (factor 1) and/or 0, 3 and 6 g/kg sodium bicarbonate (factor 2) to the control diet. Results showed that selenium affect (P<0.05) glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase enzymes concentrations and total antioxidant capacity. Supplementation selenium or sodium bicarbonate reduced triglyceride and increased total protein of blood (P<0.05). Sodium bicarbonate reduced feed conversion rate (P<0.05), however selenium has no effect on feed conversion ration. Supplementation diets with sodium bicarbonate significantly (P<0.05) increased growth performance, breast and thigh weight. Selenium significantly (P<0.05) decrease the abdominal fat and liver weight percent. It can be concluded that supplementation the broiler chicken diets with Se and sodium bicarbonate may have some beneficial effects, under heat stress condition.

The purpose of this research was to evaluate the effects of litter chemical amendments on litter Quality, broiler performance and Carcass Lesions (breast blisters, foot pad lesions and hock burns). In a 2×4 factorial experiment with 576 commercial broiler chicks (Arian), the effect of two types of litter materials and three amendments were investigated using a completely randomized design with three replications and 24 day-old chicks in each pen. Litter material treatments were: 1) sawdust and 2) wheat straw. Litter amendment treatments were: 1) control (with no litter amendment), 2) alum+CaCO3, 3) natural zeolite + citric acid, 4) whole additives from 2 and 3 treatments. Litter materials and amendments and interaction between those did not have any effect on weight gain, feed consumption, feed conversion, and mortality percentage in chicks and pH value, nitrogen retention (%), total plate counts and lactobacillus populations (cfu/g) in litter. Moisture percentage significantly affected by litter types (P>0.05). Incidence of breast blisters or footpad lesions were not significantly affected by litter materials and amendments. Incidence of hock burns significantly affected by litter chemical amendments (P>0.05), in a way that use of sawdust litter and chemical amendments resulted in decrease of incidence and severity of hock burn in broiler.

Trypsin is a serine protease found in the digestive system of many vertebrates, where it hydrolyses proteins. Trypsin has been used widely in various biotechnological processes. In this study trypsin was purified using two precipitation cut, 35% and 75% as saturation percent of Ammonium sulfate solutions, TCA precipitation (2.5% W/V), pH precipitation and finally affinity chromatography. This method could be used to obtain 2.8 g purified trypsin with specific activity 155 U/mg and 26% recovery from 1kg bovine pancreas.Therefore, this method is a simple, fast and commercial method for scale-up of trypsin extraction from bovine pancreas.

Total of 270 quail fertile eggs were set in hatchery. Experimental groups including: Negative control (neither received probiotic treatment nor challenged by Salmonella), positive control (challenged by Salmonella but not probiotic treatment) and 7 in hatchery administration methods: in ovo injection, spray, oral gavage, cloacal drinking (cloacal inoculation), cloacal drinking - in ovo injection, cloacal drinking- spray and cloacal drinking - oral gavage. Each group included 15 day old chicks. All chicks were challenged by 1.75104 cfu / ml Salmonella eneteritidis using oral gavage except negative control 36 h post probiotic treatment. 12 chicks from each group were euthanized by CO2 inhalation 24 h postchallange. Cecal tonsil aseptically collected and colonisation of Salmonella were probed using culture technique. The spray method significantly reduced Salmonella enteritidis colonization (P<0.01). On 8th day higher BW were observed in oral group (P<0.05). The administration methods were significantly effective on the liver and bursa of Fabricius weight (P<0.05). In conclusion probiotic administration using spray on quails day old chicks were the most effective in prevention of Salmonella colonization.

The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of different levels of lysine amino acid on immunity and some blood biochemical parameters of broiler breeder hens. The treatments were consisted of 6 levels of lysine (0.50, 0.57, 0.64, 0.71, 0.78 and 0.85%) and were used in a completely randomized design with 4 replicates and 8 hens in each pen from 52 to 64 weeks of their rearing period. The hens were selected according to the very nearly the same body weight (3600±15 g) for maximum uniformity in treatments groups. Amino acids profile and composition of all diets were similar except of lysine levels. The results of physiological indicators showed that the different levels of dietary lysine had a significant effect on the blood serum albumin and total protein concentration (P<0.05). Increasing lysine levels of diets to 0.64% was resulted in significant increase in antibody titer against sheep red blood cell (SRBC), IgM, serum albumin and total protein (P<0.05). An increased IgG and blood serum globulin level were evident but were not significant. Blood serum uric acid level not significantly affected by lysine. The results of cutaneous sensitivity to PHA-P showed a not significant improvement in immune system. It is concluded that lysine had significant effects on immunity system, total protein and albumin so in estimating of requirement of lysine in broiler breeders in addition to production responses be immunity and physiological parameters must considered for optimal performance. In conclusion results of this study indicate that lysine needs may be higher than suggested by NRC (1994), especially in support of improved immunity and physiological characteristics.

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of different levels of biohebalÒ feed supplement on performance, egg traits, blood biochemical and immunity parameters of laying hens. Experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with 144 of Hy- line (W36) laying hens from 23 to 34 weeks of age in 4 treatment and 3 replicate (with 12 bird in each replicate) and included: control group without using bioherbal, an another groups the amounts of this herbal supplement were 0.05%, 0.1% and 0.15%. There were not significantly difference between control group and other treatments in performance, egg quality and blood biochemical parameters (p<0.05). However in therms of numerical the highest percents of egg production (91.50), Haugh unit (98.17), lymphocyte (90.84), the highest amount of blood serum albumin (2.89), the lowest percent of heterophile and the lowest ratio of heterophile/lymphocyte (0.095) were observed in 4 experimental groups. The overall results of the present study indicate that in laying hens using 0.15 percent of bioherbal feed supplement can improve of performance, egg quality, blood biochemical and immunity parameters.

The effects of different dietary levels of soybean oil (2, 4 and 6%) and probiotic primalac (0, 0.1 and 0.15 %) were investigated on performance and immune system of broiler chickens from day one to day 42 of age. For this purpose, five hundred and forty day-old male broiler chicks (Cobb) in 9 groups of 60 each were used. The birds of each group were divided into 6 pens of 10 birds. The experimental treatments were analyzed in a 3×3 factorial experiment with a completely randomized design all the birds received a same starter diet until day 7 of age but fed the grower (from day 7 to 21 of age) and finisher (from day 22 to day 42 of age) diets afterwards. The results of the recent experiment showed that soybean oil or probiotic supplementation improved the feed consumption, body weight gain and feed conversion ratio (p<0.01) of broilers during whole the experimental period. Moreover a significant interaction was observed between the probiotic and soybean oil for feed conversion ratio (p<0.05). Probiotic or soybean oil supplementation increased the feed consumption during 24 hours post-vaccination and antibody titer against gamboro vaccine and decreased the plasma cerloplasmin and hetrophil to lymphocyte ratio (p<0.01). Furthermore a significant interaction was observed between the soybean oil and probiotic supplementation for post vaccination feed consumption and produced antibody titer (p<0.05). None of the treatments affected the proportional weight of bursa fabrciuos but probiotic supplementation increased the proportional weight of spleen at day 42 of age. It was concluded that dietary supplementation of 4% soybean oil with 0.1% of probiotic has the best effect on performance of broiler chickens but higher levels of soybean oil (6%) with either of 0.1 or 0.15% of probiotic is needed for the best immune response (lower blood cerloplasmin concentration and heterophil to lymphocyte ratio).