STUDIES OF LITERARY CRITICISM (LITERARY RESEARCH)
Year:2013 | Volume:- | Issue:31|Papers Count:7

In every lovely persian and poem and text, it is possible to present a special pattern for introducing poet’ s beloved.This characteristic is not particular in the restraint of- a period’ s poems or a thoughtful-literary schoo; but this speciality is seen from the oldest until the newest Persian poems wich has been more known by the name of contemporary poem.In Ahmad shamloo’ s poem," Aida", has allocated the powerest and most major beloved sense to herself. Aida who is shamloo’ s wife against Persian love poems of beloveds that are brought up mostly because of physical qualities superiority in the poem ; usually has been mentioned because of moral prominent specialities; particularly the soul elevation in shamloo’ s poem as a beloved. As if, shamloo’ s meaning of Aida, is every informed and skilled addressee who knows poem’ s essence and evaluates the poem and intelligence.

Ferdowsi is the great poet of Persian language that the whole of Shahnameh has proceeded to retelling the moral and educational problems. The vastness of topic in Shahnameh shows Ferdowsi has proceeded to clarification of moral and educational principle indirect that has paid attention to Islamic education. For becoming clear, we compare the clarification of moral and educational matter of Ferdowsi in Shahnameh with the educational theory of Khajeh Nassir Toosi at Nassir’s moral is counted from the basis books at moral philosophy. There is a lot of simultaneity between the educational thinking’s of Ferdowsi and the theory of Khajeh Nassir not only Ferdowsi had not found Shahnameh for the purpose of moral compilation and scientific education, but also he has proceeded to the subject under viewpoint of clarification of moral and educational, and also it is seen the differences. These differences are related to the kind of expression and their language and the situations such as virtue and mean to some extent that Khajeh Has pointed to those for doing to matter directly but it has not required to the position of Ferdowsis’ speech for doing to those. Ferdowsi has proceeded to the topic of talents and individual differences less even though Khajeh Nassir knows this matter one of the most important of the moral and educational problems. At this article moral virtue and mean and some of the subsets of those from the point of Ferdowsi view has analyzed and discussed on the basis of the moral theory and educational of Khajeh Nassir Toosi.

Moulavi is one of these poets who adopted poem as a device for expressing the teaching and precept materials and provided his speech with respect to the materials. The current article is devoted to the issue of redundancy in Moulavi’s speech. Generally speaking, the Masnavi has been given redundancy for two reasons:1-Moulavi uses narratives and allegories and stories to enable the audience to understand his thoughts and ideas. For instance, in the story “the lion and the hunt”, a story has been provided to explore the subject which lengthens the story.2-Sometimes, a word or a subject preoccupies his mind and forces him to provide materials in this subject which means putting aside the main subject of the history makes redundancy. For instance, at the end of the history,the bond woman and the king is mentioned to de Fine “analog y” and for understanding the meaning of avoidance of unreasonable analog y”, together with the narrative of the parrot and the grocer. Or, when the story reaches to the word “love”, it is expressed with long interpretation. However, redundancy which is one of the most important figure speeches making the speech more effective and fluent, and expands it in term of the audience’s status is the main device for critique in the article. Generally, redundancy is divided in to two types: disturbance and spicy. The disturbance redundancy is the one that the redundancy is so much used that makes the audience feel bored.Spicy redundancy means expansion and exploration of speech b literary language provided that rant doesn’t occur and makes the speech more beautiful and effective for the audience.

In this paper, the dimensions and aspects of the process of globalization and cultural engineering are shown; we have tried to teach the power of the language and its vulnerability as a living body and norm.Hence, know it as owner of the heart and bracing beat, we remind that the identity of each dialect of language depend on its power and grandeur.One of the fundamental power plants of language and culture are the words of that language which we know it as heart of language.So keeping and appreciation and using correct words of the national language, helps vitality, dynamic, power and majesty of the language and its dynamic optimization of national culture. The role of some official cultural-educational and scientific institutions and families for conformance and engineering in the area of culture is very important.One of the main guidelines against the globalization process and foreigner media’s cultural influx is Immunization and awareness of national culture and utilization from its superb sources and we can provide today’s health and future prosperity by returning back the native language speakers and families to verbal memory and cultural heritage.In this paper, pests and damages in cultural engineering have been investigated also negligence and its risks in these areas have been illustrated.

The novel of Malakout was written by Bahram Sadeghi-the contemporary story writer. It’s a symbolic novel. The style used in the novel is so intellectual that makes it perfectly different from his short stories and gives it a supernatural form.It can be said that the characters in his stories, little by little, lose their own social status, the elements forming their behaviors are corrupted and disintegrated, and the stories take place in a fearful and superstitious situation. His main characters are psychologically obscure and mysterious, and most of them are ill-mannered or have peculiar minds. The author has skillfully used description, dialogues, acts and names to express the characters. It seems that Sadeghi mostly used description and dialogues to characterize his protagonists.

The concept of death has always been existent in literature especially the verbal one as a human principle. This matter has been depicted in the various nations' stories in different manners and the reason behind such differences lies not only on the author and creators of such kind of works but also the addressees of these literary writings.This piece intends to examine the subject of "fear of death" within one single story with two different narrations. The story of "bell-footed goat" in Persian is from Sobhi version and the German narration of the same story has been compiled and narrated by "Grim Brothers". Not with sanding the many similarities and abundant common points the most important difference between the two versions of this story is the "Death Imagination" or to put it better "the fear of the death". Because in the Iranian version of the story the wolf is killed in a hand-to-hand combat. It means that a weak potency succeeds in killing a terrifying and very strong potency but in the other version of the story which is the German one the wolf loses its quarry without any combat and during sleeping and falls into the river and dies without realizing its problem. Both of the stories are ended with neogenesis and deathlessness. This means that the goat succeeds in drawing out its children safe and sound from the wolf's stomach. Is it that the reason of human fear is his unconscious fear of dying?