SOCIETAL SECURITY STUDIES
Year:2012 | Volume:- | Issue:28|Papers Count:8

A paramilitary organization like Basij can fulfill its own various missions in social, cultural, political and security fields provided that it organizes its missions and tasks effectively and efficiently, and benefit from the existing options.One of the methods is psychological operation. The present research is to look into the mechanisms and processes of benefiting from efficient psychological operation by Basij.In this research, survey method is used to achieve its major and minor objectives.For this purpose, the sample comments of 72 managers and experts familiar with mission fields of Basij measured through benefiting from a self-made scale with validity of 0.87.The results indicated that firstly, majority of the respondents consider benefiting from psychological operation essential. Secondly, through benefiting from psychological operation, Basij can conduct its missions more effectively.Thirdly, among strategies of psychological operation used by Basij, some strategies are more effective. Fourthly, some psychological operation techniques are more effective than others. Finally, Basij should use some strategies, methods and techniques of psychological operation more than the others to enhance its efficiency.

The present research aims at designing a model and explaining principles and fundamentals Public and societal security in Islamic Republic of Iran through benefiting from theoretical principles proportionate with the existing capabilities, capacities, trends and conditions. In designing the model, a fivelevel incorporated model including various levels-executive, performance, supporting, supreme management of principle and fundamentals, and environmental interactions-have been considered. Executive level and action are the core of the model, which itself originates from a triangular model. The pivots of the triangle are objectives, environment and action, and it is through incorporating the basic constituents of these pivots that major processes would be achieved. In order to determine dos and don' ts, and to determine basic principles and master polices priorities and orientation in public security plan is reviewed, having studied the upstream documents of including the twenty year outlook document of I.R. Iran, notified policies of the Supreme Leader for the fifth economic, political, social and cultural plan, related to the issue has been developed, and crosschecked with the layers of the proposed model for development of public and societal security. Afterwards, through incorporating and integrating the above-mentioned thirty principles into the framework of twelve principles, and introduced as basic principles and master policies of the supervisor of formation of strategies for development of public and societal security in I.R. Iran.

The spatial-time related analysis expresses this important and basic point that in some parts of the city, due to the existing social, economic and cultural structure dominating them, rate of delinquency is high, and on the contrary some urban spaces prevent criminal opportunities. The present research aims at analyzing spatial organization of social abnormalities in Zanjan city and identifying the venue patterns and factors which are facilitator of committed crimes.The research conducted to combat and control neighborhoods involved in crimes through using Index graphic techniques and Geographical Information system.The research is of analytical-contrastive type and for identifying spatial patterns of crimes distribution all over the city used average center test, standard deviation ellipse, clustering test, indices of the nearest neighbor and kernel density estimation. Statistical population of the research is the whole committed crime occurred in a period of one year in Zanjan city.Findings of the research indicates that misdemeanor of malignancy and row, addiction and street annoyance have allocated the most frequency of crimes among the committed crimes, respectively (692, 684, 557), on the contrary, murder has allocated the least frequency to itself, compared to the above-mentioned crimes.Spatial distribution of committed crimes in Zanjan city follows cluster and concentrated in the city are the places wherein delinquency is concentrated, on the contrary the other parts are free of delinquency, and average centre of committed crimes match geographical centre of Zanjan city. The most important epicenters of committed crimes in Zanjan city in the surveyed year are matched with central part of the city with 793 cases of delinquency (21.13percent of the total number of crimes), "Bisim" region with 570 cases (15.53 percent of the total number of crimes) and "Islamabad" region with 321 cases (8.51 percent of the whole number of crimes). There is a significant relationship between high density of population in the neighborhoods and enhancement of social abnormalities in Zanjan city. On the other hand, huge number of residential units and lack of the required geographical distribution of the type and rate of crimes and formation of delinquency spatial patterns in the region.

The present article aims at reviewing the societal factors contributing to societal security of women in charge of their families (widows, divorced women) are under coverage of three charity organizations in terms of emotional, communicative, financial and vital aspects.The theory of societal security approved through being inspired by Copenhagen school and using theories of Emil Parsons, Barry Bouzan in empirical level. Societal security is defined based on the potential of social unit. The research used documentary and survey-site methods. N=310 selected through using Cochran statistical formula, and, and every organization's quota is determined through using categorization method, based on the population of women in charge of their families who are under coverage of charity organizations.The required information gathered through using questionnaire tool (53 questions), and deep interview with them and through studying their records.To determine the reliability of the questionnaire Chronbach Alpha coefficient (0.76) used, and the data analyzed by SPSS. Analysis technique indicated that family support, practicing law on one hand, and women's capabilities on the other significantly contribute to women's societal security. Landa two- variable correlation test confirms that there is significant relationship (0.05) between charity organization and societal security.

The present article aims at studying the level and reason for Hazardous driving in Mashad. The research is of survey type. N=376 including the guilty and careful drivers involved in urban car accidents in Mashad, who selected randomly and systematically in places where traffic police stand and car insurance offices.The data gathered through using self-made questionnaire and being inspired by the questionnaire of hazardous driving in Manchester. The findings indicated that the average of the behavior of driving of reckless drivers in terms of conscious violation and unconscious violence in the scale of zero to hundred are respectively 18.3 and 20 percent and in terms of the number of guilty accidents is 0.23 accidents per year. The percentage of some hazardous accidents is different.The behaviors ranging from average to very much displayed by drivers are of higher importance, most important of which with respect to conscious violations are: unconscious violation of urban speed limit by 73 percent of drivers, and unconscious violations are: forgetting safety belt by 40.7 percent of drivers.The following factors have the most impact on the general behavior of hazardous driving: not observing laws (positive impact), hostile driving (positive), national and religious identity feeling (negative), social needs (positive), driving record (negative) literacy (negative), average hours of driving per day (negative), number of tickets received last year (positive). The researcher came to conclusion that those drivers who violate driving regulations should attend mandatory training courses and group discussions to internalize driving norms, and review and analyze problem solving methods having critical thought. Social needs should be met through using various and proper methods; moreover, public's vision toward law and police should be improved, as well.

One of the basic strategies of the police forces for development of security and establishment of discipline, is improving knowledge and belief on the part of police commanders and staff, whereas based on theoretical literature belief in usefulness and psychological security of the members of working teams are among the factors which have effect on behavioral indices is learning behavior, the present study aims at determining the impact of psychological security beliefs and usefulness of the members of police units on the level of performance of the units while taking into consideration the learning behavior of the unit. Survey- analytical method and questionnaire technique utilized for gathering information in the framework of the model of structural equations. N=300 including those personnel who work at police stations all over Hamadan province, and 108 persons selected randomly from among 300 persons divided in 8 groups. The results of the study indicates the positive impact of learning behavior on performance, and the impact of psychological security and team usefulness over learning behavior, and performance of disciplinary units, as well. The intermediate role learning behavior of the members of disciplinary units between psychological security and performance approved, however, its intermediate role between usefulness and performance of units rejected.Therefore, it is through improving psychological security belief and usefulness of the members of disciplinary units that learning behavior of the members in terms of their capability in conducting disciplinary affairs improves. Haring developed these beliefs, one can expect police forces to act more effectively during implementation of their tasks, and while dealing with forecast, prevention, follow up and combat in police stations and operational units.

Illegal marketing network goes back to long time ago as an economic phenomenon in the world. However, the economic phenomenon entered Iran in 2000. This kind of illegal marketing network is divided into two categories: without offering product. Until approval of the Act forbidding the activities of pyramid companies and institutions having endless network, were prosecuted as a criminal act known as "fraud". However, due to lack of inclusiveness of this criminal title to cover all those active in this field, the above-mentioned Act approved in January 2006. Following that, becoming agent of such networks and persuading individuals to become members of the pyramid companies, according to amendment of article "g" to article 1 of the Law for Punishment of economic hecklers approved in 1990 is considered as committing crime.In order to prevent the harmful impact of this economic phenomenon, while severely combating it, preventive measures should be taken into account.