NEW CELLULAR & MOLECULAR BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL
Year:2019 | Volume:9 | Issue:35 |Papers Count:8

The eukaryotic replisome is a multi-component complex that drives DNA replication with a speed of approximately 2 to 3 kb per min. This implies that chromatin is disrupted at a rate of around 10 to 15 nucleosomes every minute a head of each active replisome. To reproduce a similar chromatin environment on new DNA, histones and other chromatin-bound factors are transferred from the parental strand to the daughter strands. In addition, new histones are incorporated to maintain nucleosome density, and their modification signature should be assimilated to nearby old histones in the local chromatin environment. In general interaction between the components of the replisome and chromatin proteins can help to understand the proper way of improving the replication fork and its relationship to chromatin. In this study, the regulatory mechanism of chromatin replication and epigenome maintenance are evaluated.

Aim &Background: Klebsiella pneumoniae is a common cause of β-lactamase-associated infections in hospitals. The present study aimed to determine the frequency of antibiotic resistance genes in Klebsiella pneumoniae strains producing IMP-1 and TEM β-lactamase. Materials and methods: The present research identified 94 samples of K. pneumoniae, using antibiogram for the phenotypic confirmation of ESBLs. The antibiotic resistance of the isolates and the prevalence of TEM and IMP-1 genes were determined using PCR method. Findings: Of 94 samples, 77. 6% were ESBL-positive and 22. 3% ESBL-negative. A total of 4. 1% of the samples carried the IMP-1 gene and 43. 8% the TEM gene, while 43. 8% of the samples carried both genes. Conclusion: Given that TEM and IMP-1 genes were commonly present in a large number of the resistant samples, physicians are recommended to use therapeutic measures properly, and to prescribe antibiotics rationally.

Aim and Background: Lentinula edodes (Shiitake) mushroom have a significant pharmacological importance due to the presence of secondary metabolites with a miraculous effect on cancer treatment. The aim of this study was optimizing the production of antioxidant compounds by selecting the appropriate growth medium and investigating the affecting factors on the production of secondary metabolites. Material and methods: The bank of fungal cells was prepared in a solid medium and then the samples were transferred to the liquid medium. Alcoholic extract of the samples was prepared. For antioxidant activity, two methods were used: 1-DPPH assay to investigate the capability of removing free radicals and 2-FRAP assay to investigate the ability of ferric ion reduction. Polysaccharide and phenol levels were measured using phenol-sulfuric acid and Folin-Ciocalteu methods, respectively. The cytotoxicity of the extract was measured by MTT assay. Results: Optimization of antioxidant properties of Shiitake was done by introducing oak extract-enriched medium and the scavenging activity of DPPH radical and reduction potential for ferric ion increased by 5. 24 and 1. 9 times, respectively. Also, it has showed an appropriatecytotoxicity (IC50 value of 8 μ g/ml) on the MCF-7 cell line. Conclusion: The results represented that oak wood crude extract could be used in Shiitake growth medium as an appropriate elicitation of increasing antioxidant activity.

Aim and Background: Alopecia Areata (AA) is a common immune-mediated disease which considered as the second most common cause of hair loss in humans. This hair loss targets hair follicles, and has a genetically complex inheritance. HLA genes such as HLA class II can influence the development of AA. The aim of the study was to investigate whether HLA-DQB2 allele is associated with AA. Materials and Methods: Alopecia Areata patients and control subjects were enrolled in this study. A total of 30 AA patients (13 female and 17 male with mean age 26. 3± 12. 5) and 15 healthy controls (5 Female and 10 Male with mean age 30 ± 5. 88) were included and analyzed in a case– control study. Genomic DNA was prepared using DNG plus method. Polymerase chain reaction with sequence specific primers technique (PCR-SSP) used to detect HLA-DQB2. Association of HLA-DQB2 allele with family history, age of onset, and stress were assessed by logistic regression analysis. Results: HLA-DQB2 allele did not show a signifi cant association with susceptibility to AA and had a frequency of 56. 7% in AA patient vs 26. 7% in healthy controls (OR = 3. 596, 95% CI = 0. 929-13. 916, p value = 0. 064). Furthermore, this study did not show any association of HLA-DQB2 allele with family history (OR =0. 3, 95% CI = 0. 06 – 2. 32, p value = 0. 3), phobia (OR = 1. 57, 95% CI = 0. 38-6. 4 p value = 0. 5) and stress (OR = 1. 36, 95% CI = 0. 28-6. 48 p value = 0. 6), family history (OR=0. 4, 95%CI=0. 06, p value=0. 3). the significant association found with sunlight exposure with HLA-DQB2 allele in AA (OR=4. 46, 95%CI=0. 95-20. 83, p value=0. 05). Conclusion: Our data do not show a correlation between the HLA-DQB2 allele and occurrence of AA and clinical data in Iranian population. To our knowledge this is the first study to frequency of HLA-DQB2 allele in Iranian AA patients.

Aim and Background-Staphylococcus aureus can be caused different infections in human. Bacterial infection of the cervix can be effective in spermatozoid parameters change and may be come infertility in women. The aim of this study was identification of Staphylococcus aureus super-antigenes from infertile women with unexplained infertility. Materials and Methods-Hundred vaginal samples were isolated from unexplained infertile women. Positive samples for Staphylococcus aureus with at least three antibiotic resistances were analyzed by PCR. For identification of infection effect on infertility, after incubation of fresh sperm samples ubated with the Staphylococcus aureus consist one of seg, sei or Tsst-1 genes, were measured sperm parameters. Results – Staphylococcus aureus was selected from 52 samples. After antibiogram test, 19 Staphylococcus aureus samples were identified with resistance to three or more antibiotics. Frequency of Tsst-1, sei and seg genes were, (26. 3%), (21. 1%) and (10. 5%), respectively. There were in 11 (57. 9%) isolates, sei, seg or Tsst-1 genes. As also, 10. 5% of isolates had both of seg and sei genes. One strain (5. 3%) with seg, sei and Tsst-1 genes, could be agglutinated 50% of fresh sperms without any significant changes on motility and viability. Conclusion-The results were indicated Sphylococcus aureus that is caused vaginal infection could be damage the morphology and motility of male spermatozoa. In summary, treatment of bacterial vaginosis could be effective for prevention of idiopathic infertilities in infertile couples rates.

Aim and Background: The characteristic of inflammation in the liver is the invasion of inflammatory cells. These cells, with the secretion of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 and the alpha-induced tumor necrosis factor, contribute to the disease and damage to the liver. In this study, the anti-inflammatory effect of ginger and lemon juice on an inflammatory factor of IL-6 in liver toxicity induced by thioacetamide in rats was investigated. Material and methods: In order to perform the experiment, 55 mouse with an approximately weight of 250-200 grams collected from Isfahan University were used. The samples were randomly divided into 9 treatment groups, one control group and one thioacetamide control group (positive control) (each group with 5 mice). After treatment, each group received different doses of ginger extract and lemon juice, blood samples were taken from the heart under anesthetized conditions and ELISA technique was used to measure the inflammatory factor of IL-6. Finally, the statistical comparison of mean serum IL-6 levels in different groups was performed using SPSS V. 20 software and one-way ANOVA test. Results: The results showed that consumption of ginger extract and lemon juice significantly decreased serum IL-6 levels. The highest reduction of IL-6 serum levels after thioacetamide treatment was shown in 500 mg/kg ginger and 100% lemon juice combination treatment. This reduction was dose-dependent (P <0. 001). Conclusion: Thioacetamide causes poisoning and ultimately inflammation of the liver. Extract of ginger and lemon juice in combination with ginger and flavonoids that have anti-inflammatory properties can improve liver parameters in liver inflammation. Ginger extract and sour lemon juice have anti-inflammatory properties and can improve liver parameters in liver inflammation and decrease inflammation by decreasing serum levels of IL-6.

Aim and Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of rs141831067 Single nucleotide Polymorphism existence on therapeutic response of patients diagnosed with Prostate Cancer to Methotrexate and investigation of the polymorphism Frequency in Iranian population. Material and methods: In this study, peripheral blood samples were taken from 50 healthy individuals and 50 patients suffering from prostate cancer. Then genomic DNA of each sample was extracted and isolated. ARMS-PCR and direct sequencing techniques were used to determine the presence of the polymorphism in populations. Finally, the statistical analysis of the results was performed by analyzing allelic frequency, heterozygosity, PIC analysis and Hardy Weinberg equilibrium analysis. Results: A comparative study of rs141831067 polymorphism existence showed that the allele frequency of this marker was significantly higher in the patients relative to healthy group (P-value = 0. 002). In addition the bioinformatics analyzes of the interactions of the dihydrofolate reductase enzyme and methotrexate showed that existence of the polymorphism may alter the interaction patterns and result in the relative displacement of methotrexate position from the active site of dihydrofolate reductase. Conclusion: Rs141831067 Single nucleotide Polymorphism in Dihydrofolate reductase gene plays an important role in the prostate cancer occurrence and this Single nucleotide Polymorphism can cause drug resistance to methotrexate in prostate cancer.

Aim and Background: Bacterial arthritis is one of the arthritis diseases known that can rapidly cause joint damage. Among the bacteria causing septic arthritis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) is one of those that rarely produce arthritis. The aim of this study is to examine the presence of MTB in synovial fluid of patients with arthritis using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Materials and Methods: This study was carried out on 70 synovial fluid samples gathered from Shariati Hospital. DNA was extracted using Phenol-Chloroform standard extraction technique. PCR test optimized on the basis of IS6110 target gene. Samples were analyzed by PCR test after evaluation of specificity and sensitivity of PCR. RESULT: PCR test was optimized and the 317-bp amplicon detected by 1. 5% agarose gel electrophoresis. Limit of detection (LOD) was estimated as 100 copy/Reaction. MTB DNA was detected in 4 (5. 7%) synovial fluid samples of patients with arthritis. CONLUSION: First step in treatment is rapid and accurate diagnosis. MTB have some characteristics including slow generation making the identification difficult and exhausting through culturing and biochemical tests that sometimes leads to ambiguous results. Results of this study confirm that MTB could play a role in bacterial arthritis and rapid diagnosis using PCR provides us with accurate treatment.