WOMAN & STUDY OF FAMILY
Year:2013 | Volume:6 | Issue:21|Papers Count:16

The aim of the present study was to investigate intolerance of uncertainty among divorced and non-divorced women as predictors of depression, anxiety and stress. The study is of causal–comparative type. The statistical population of the research includes all of the divorced women supported by social welfare organization who referred to consultation centeres of Khoy (Social welfare office and Tara consultation center) and undivorced women. Out of this statistical population, 70 people were selected by available sampling method and 70 people from undivorced women were selected based on age and education. After collecting the data and information by depression, anxiety and stress questionnaires and intolerance of uncertainty scale, the data were tested by spss software and by using Multivariate variance analysis (MANOVA), Pearson correlation and stepwise regression analysis. The analysis showed that there is a significant difference between divorced and undivorced women in terms of depression, anxiety, stress and intolerance of uncertainty (p< 0.0001) and that divorced women have higher depression, anxiety, stress and intolerance of uncertainty than undivorced women. Furthermore, the stepwise regression analysis showed that among secondary scaleof intolerance of uncertainty, only stressfulness of uncertainty and negaliveness of unexpected events and avoiding them are significant predictors of depression, stress and anxiety among women. Based on research findings and research background, reduction of intolerance of uncertainty can cause reduction of different levels of depression, anxiety and stress. so, treatment based on reduction of intolerance of uncertainty and increasing skills of ambiguity tolerance is necessary before starting treatment of sensation and anxiety disorder in divorced women.

The birth of a child is a pleasant process for parents, although it is associated with a lot of trouble and discomfort. Despite the difficulties, the hope of the child being normal and healthy usually creates a sense of confidence in them and they accept their child. However, as soon as they become aware of their child's disability, all their wishes and hopes turn into disappointment and then problems begin. The purpose of the present study is to assess the behavioral disorders of mothers of educable mentally retarded children compared with mothers of normal childern in Gonabad, Khorasan Razavi Province, Iran. The sample of this study was selected randomly and consisted of 132 mothers (66 educable mentally retarded children selected from exceptional children schools and 66 normal children selected from a normal school) in Gonabad, Khorasan Razavi Province, Iran. In this study, the results showed with consideration to MMPI scales (3 validity and 6 clinical scales) between the two groups that mothers of educable mentally retarded children had more behavioral disorders than those of normal children regarding mental distress, hypochondria, hysteria, psychopathy, psychasthenia and hypomania. Other results of the study showed that the level of education and income of mothers of educable mentally retarded children is significantly lower than that of mothers of normal children.

Customer satisfaction is a positive feeling that is created in the consumers or users of products and services. Various studies indicate that increasing customer satisfaction increases profitability, market share, customer retain and the increase in the continuity of the survival period of the customer in the organization. Accordingly, this study seeks to assess women customers’ satisfaction with the performance of two mobile phone companies, MCI and MTN, in the city of Urumia. The statistical population includes 150 current clients of the two companies, MCI and MTN, in the city of Urumia. According to the results of Kolmogorov - Smirnov test, the distribution of outcomes are not normal, so nonparametric sign test paired with even numbers of the samples was used. The research findings have shown that, with regard to advertising to attract customers both companies are on the same level, but MCI, with high quality and up-to-date services, after-sales services and proper network coverage in the city is on higher Level than MTN, and this leads to customer loyalty with MCI more than MTN.

the aim of the present study was to measure the effect of Frankl’s Logo therapy on female teachers’ job stress. Thus, the semi-experimental design with pretest - posttest was used with experimental and control groups. For doing so, 24 teachers in guidance schools of Tabriz were selected by multiphase cluster random sampling method in the academie year 2012-2013 .The teachers were tested by Kyriako and Sutcliff teachers’ job stress questionnaire. Twelve teachers from other schools were selected randomly and assigned in the control group. Each member of the experimental group participated in Frankl’s Logo therapy program in 2.5 months, 10 sessions (one session per week for 90 minutes), while the control group received no treatment. In order to analyze the data, analysis of covariance was used. Testing the hypothesis showed that there is a significant difference between the experimental and control groups after the Frankl Logo therapy as the independent variable (p=0.01). According to the results of the study it can be concluded that Frankl Logo therapy is effective on reducing job stress of female teachers.

The aim of this study was to investigate the work ethics of the employees of Medical-Rehabilitation Centers under Supervision of the University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Scienses of Tehran in1392 based on individual characteristics. In this study, a correlational design was used. 183 Employees of the Medical-Rehabilitation Centers under Supervision of the University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Scienses of Tehran completed the Personal Information questionnaire and Petty’s work ethics scale (Gregory C. Petty, 1990). The results showed a significant relationship between age, gender and marital status and work ethics of the employees of Medical-Rehabilitation Centers under Supervision of the University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences. The results of the present study, in line with many previous studies, in addition to accepting the socio-cultural influences on employees, work ethic in various formal and informal institutions, highlights the role of individual characteristics (such as age, gender and marital status) in the rate of work ethics and its various dimensions.

The purpose of the present research is to determine the effectiveness of attention training on the mathematics performance of female students with disabilities in learning mathematics in third and fourth grade elementary schools of districts 1 & 2 in the city of Urmia in the academic year2012-13.The research method was quasi-experimental. The statistical population includes female students with disabilities in learning third and fourth grade elementary school mathematics, district 1 & 2 in the city of urmia, totalling 60 students who enrolled in the academic year 2012-13.By random sampling method,30 students with mathematics learning disabilities were selected. Then, the students in this sample group were randomly placed in experimental and control groups. Both groups were given pretest by key Math mathematical test.(The reliability of key Math mathematical test was obtained through Cronbach’s alpha).The students in the experimental group received attention training for 10 sessions of 45 minutes duration each. The control group received no training. At the end of the treatment, both groups were given the posttest key Math mathematical test. The research data were analyzed using Analysis of Covariance method. The analysis of the research data revealed that training attention significantly increases the math performance of students with math learning disabilities in theoretical, functional, and applied mathematics.

In this research, the evolution trend of the theory of mind in students of fifth grade and its relationship with some demographic variables including the order of children’s birth and parents’ education have been studied. To do this, 378 students have been selected by cluster randomized sampling from among male and female students of Tabriz schools and studied. In order to measure the variable of evolution of theory of mind, the 38- item, Steernman theory of mind test has been used. The data have been analyzed using descriptive statistics, multi-variate regression and independent t-test. The findings have shown that theory of mind on second level is different among boys and girls. Also, there is a significant relationship between mean scores of theory of mind test among boys and girls. Examination of demographic variables showed that parents’ education is a positive and significant predictor regarding the theory of mind and its levels, but between the theory of mind and the order of children’s birth, no significant relationship has been found.

Urban spaces, as the physical manifestation of the city, should satisfy the social needs of the citizens. The ambiguity in defining the role of the pedestrian in contemporary urbanism leads to limited interaction of citizens, especially women in the cities. So women's criteria in designing and necessity of women's presence in urban spaces should be considered to meet their social needs. Pedestrian streets have the highest social role in the urban space and provide a context for social interactions. This research, done by a combination of ecological psychology method and field study, seeks the physical and semantic criteria of Shahryar Pedestrian Street in Tabriz in order to provide social interaction for women. By reviewing theorists, utilizing field studies, and interviewing through a questionnaire with random sampling of 200 women referring to Shahryar Pedestrian Street, the researchers have analyzed the obstacles of women’s participation in the urban space and the criteria for establishing women's social interactions. The research indicates lack of women’s physical and psychological stance in the pedestrian street. The participation of women in organizing and transformation of space can increase the sense of security and emotional comfort in the urban area and strengthen the sense of belonging in the pedestrian walkway to create social interaction.