Payesh
Year:2012 | Volume:11 | Issue:4|Papers Count:19

Objective(s): To analyze the current position of HDI in Iran and regional countries considered in the scope of the 20 year vision program document.Methods: The considered survey countries are Kuwait, United Arab Emirates, Armenia, Turkey, Lebanon, Islamic Republic of Iran, Azerbaijan, Syria and Pakistan. Based on HDI reports Iranian indicators of 0.571 in 1975 has grown to 0.782 in 2009, and based on the most recent United Nations human Development report (Oct 6, 2009).Results: Islamic republic of Iran is ranked 88th amongst the 182 world countries and is ranked 12th amongst the 25 regional countries of the 20 year vision plan document.Conclusion: Management and personnel of health sector have a key role to improving the index and as a result take a leading role in human development and improvement of our country's ranking amongst the regional and world countries.

Objective (s): The universal endeavors have been started for the limitation of AIDS epidemic so far. One of these programs is the promotion of scientific methods and setting of the suitable surveillances, for the purpose of problem solving and application of the most accessible data and designs, for the process of decision making. The present research has been conducted to investigate the HIV/AIDS surveillances in the selection countriesMethods: The current investigation which is about the HIV/AIDS surveillance has been presented in a frame with 3 patterns, “data sources; minimum data set; data collection, data reporting and data processing disciplines” in America, Australia, Britain, Malaysia and Iran in 1388. It should be notified that the research is descriptive. In this regard, the current situation of HIV/AIDS surveillance in Iran, was investigated through visiting the “center of diseases management”, which is located in the ministry of health and medical education, with interview and studying of forms and the current documents and application of check lists and then HIV/AIDS surveillance has been studied in the selection countries. Data analysis was descriptive-theoretical and it was on the basis of the comparison between doctrine’s characteristics in the selection countries.Results: All of the above said four countries have emphasized on the promotion of scientific methods and setting of the suitable surveillance, for problem perception and application of the most accessible data and designs, for the process of decision making.Conclusion: In the whole designing and performing of HIV/AIDS surveillance in Iran has been suggested for the better understanding of the epidemic procedure over time, better understanding of the epidemic’s outbreak behaviors in the country, pre-caution and focus on the sub-population with the most infection risk, and control designing with the use of high quality data.

Objective(s): The purpose of this study was to assess the health service cost of hemodialysis delivered at. Bu Ali Sina hospital in 2008-2009.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2008-2009.hemodialysis service costs were categorized in three groups: direct (overhead) costs, indirect costs and capital costs. our community research was consist of all referring patients to hemodialysis department in 2008-2009. Needed data was collected with standard costing information sheets and cost per session of hemodialysis service for EM and chronic patients was calculated.Results: The cost per hemodialysis session for EM and chronic patients was calculated as 462466 RLs and 781986 RLs respectively. Direct costs, indirect costs and capital costs contributed to 89.21%, 5.16 % and 5.37 of the total cost respectively fixed and variable costs related to hemodialysis was 10.53% and 89.21% of total cost. Nonoptimal financial variance per session for EM and chronic patients was 12966 RLs and 15916 RLs respectively.Conclusion: Th findings are important to financial and human resources allocation for hemodialysis services provision in hospitals. Use of economic analyses for hemodialysis services provision and for designing and development of programs is recommended.

Objective(s): To determine economics cost of diabetes in type II diabetic patients under the cover of Naderkazemi clinic in Shiraz in the first half of 2008.Methods: this study is an applicable one and the way of study is descriptive-analytic. the study society includes type II diabetic patients that referred to Naderkazemi clinic and made file. in this study among the 4900 files related to type II diabetic patient, at first, in the pilot study, 30 files chosen by the way of systematic sampling and examined. standard deviation these files was ±/38.that in respect to received standard deviation, 220 files were chosen as samples that eventually with the help of statistics advisor, 288 file were chosen as samples and were studied in a systematic way. the needed information in this study were gathered from observing the existing information in patient´s files, interviewing with personnel and manager and also from existing information and ducuments in provision, accounting and personnel departments. results were classified as charts and graphs and were expressed descriptively.Results: in this study, total economic costs of type II diabetes calculated 37942315040 Rials (4079818.8 $), that medical direct costs and indirect costs share was 3994348680 (429499.9 $) and 33947966360 (3650319 $) Rials, respectively. Medical direct and indirect costs of diabetes in a type II diabetic patient in first half of 1387 was 815173/2 (87.65 $) and 6928156/4 (744.96 $) Rials respectively, and altogether was 7743329/6 Rials (832.61 $).Conclusion: Economic cost of type II diabetes is very high and complications of this disease can important influence on patient and their family. Be cause of restricting resources of medical-health in society, diabetes is one of medical-health priority in our country and should have large actions to reducing costs and complications of this disease.

Objective(s): The survey of relationship between manager's spirituality and spirituality at work with staff and patients satisfaction in Qazvin University of Medical Sciences in 2008-2009.Methods: This descriptive study the analysis of 30 higher and middle managers and operational category system, 135 hospital employees (administrative, support and medical) using stratified random sampling 165 inpatient hospitals in the University of Medical Sciences simple random (without replacement) selected and participated in this study.The relationship between spirituality and satisfaction of patients and personnel managers using questionnaires 4 reviews spirituality managers (including two dimensions and then describe the spiritual dependent), spirituality at work (after three individual, organizational and business unit), patient satisfaction and staff after used to confirm validity and reliability and ultimately using descriptive statistics and prevalence and frequency of Pearson correlation test Statistical analysis of data established.95 percent confidence level was considered.Results: The mean age of participating managers 40.46±6.65 and the average experience in management 11.85±6.03 and current experience in the hospital 19.25±7.00 respectively. Correlational measures suggested a linear significant relationship between personal spirituality dimension at work in the section of work concept with spirituality correlation dimensions are (P=0.041) and linear relationship between business units work spirituality with total dimension spirituality are significant (P=0.045) and spirituality at work and directors spirituality in the majority of work samples and moderate significant relationship exists between them (P=0.05) and between patient satisfaction and dimensions of nursing care related to spirituality is a significant relationship between staff satisfaction and descriptive dimensions, dimensions related to spirituality and spirituality total there is a significant relationship (P<0.05).Conclusion: One of the important dimensions of hospital performance internal and external customer satisfaction (patient and staff) are the managers and the spirituality of nature and a spiritual atmosphere in the workplace can influence affecting patients and staff is satisfied. Spirituality in health, peace, concentration and sense of caring for patients care is ensured and integration of spirituality in health services organization flat hierarchy, and sense of participation in the society fosters.

Objective(s): To determine satisfaction level of out patients in teaching hospitals clinics in Shiraz city. This was a cross- sectional study that carried out on 1175 outpatients in teaching hospitals in Shiraz in 2009.Methods: The data were collected by using questionnaire by interviewing patients. The questionnaire had 17 questions in 4 scopes including satisfaction of therapeutic services, non therapeutic services, and quality of offered services and length of wait time, facilities and physical environment. Statistical analysis was performed by using SPSS software in 5% probability level.Results: The general amount of satisfaction of services was reported low by 45.4% of patients, medium by 16.9% of patients and good by 37.6% of outpatients. The average of patients' satisfaction in Dastgheib hospital significantly was higher than other hospitals. The olds significantly were more satisfied with services. Women significantly were more satisfied than men.Conclusion: By increasing the level of education the amount of satisfaction decreased significantly. High percent of patients who are dissatisfied with outpatient services can be caused patients' weak cooperation, quitting the process of treatment, wasting of resources and damaging hospital fame. So it is necessary to be emphasized on increasing the level of outpatients' satisfaction by hospital managers.

Objective(s): As part of a study on health perception among Iranian people, the happiness with affected factors was assessed.Methods: This was a population-based study. A random sample of individuals aged between 18 and 65 years were entered into the study. Respondents were asked to rate a 5-point happiness scale indicating their own present happiness status. The data were analyzed descriptively. In addition logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the association between independent variables and happiness.Results: In all 27, 883 individuals took part in the study. The mean age of respondents was 32.7 (SD=11.8) years. Overall 39.3% rated their happiness as 'neither much/nor low', 35.4% as 'low/very low" and 3% as "very much". The findings showed that in addition to some demographic variables such as employment and income, the self-rated health was the most significant contributing factor to happiness [OR=7.82, 95% CI=5.32-11.48, P<0.0001].Conclusion: The findings suggest that improving daily living conditions might help to improve happiness among the Iranian population.

Objective(s): To determine the trend of crude and age standardized incidence rate of lung cancer in Fars province, southern Iran, from 2001 to 2008. In this epidemiological study, using Fars province cancer registry data the incidence rates were calculated per 100, 000 people a year and age standardized incidence rate was performed by direct method using the world standard population.Methods: Data were analyzed by SPSS, version 16 and Microsoft Excel version 2007. Out of 743 lung cancer cases, 72 percent were male and 28 percent were female.Results: The results showed that through an eight-year period the age standardized incidence rate has increased 3.9 times from 1.5 in 2001 to 5.9 in 2008 per 100,000 people a year. Also, the lung cancer incidence rate in Fars province exhibited an increasing trend and proved to be higher in male and elderly age groups.Conclusion: According to the results, Fars province considered as low incidence rate area in terms of age standardized incidence rate of lung cancer.

Objective(s): To evaluate the sleep quality of bus drivers and its relationship with several factors.Methods: Participants included 238 bus drivers were selected using a non-probability convenience sampling. We measured the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), a self-report measure of sleep quality, and age, duration of deriving and consumption of tea and smoking.Results: The results showed that 85% of bus drivers have unfavorable sleep quality. Multiple regression analyses have shown that duration of deriving seemed to influence patients' sleep quality.Conclusion: Health education regard the quality of sleep and legal supervision to prevent the overloading of shift work of bud drivers may be helpful in decrees the road crashes incidence.

Objective: To understand different dimensions of quality of life in low income people of 4th estate of Tehran in comparisons with the general public at the same age in order to improve health related quality of life and provide more help for these people.Methods: Methods: This was a cohort study with a sample of 200 people in poverty and 200 people selected as a control group. Quality of life was assessed using SF-36 questionnaire. Data on age, sex, marriage state, educational level and occupational level collected.Results: Comparing quality of between low- income people and control group showed that low- income people had worse conditions in physical functioning, role physical, bodily pain, vitality, role emotional, physical and mental component scores. Both men and women in poverty group had worse condition in all dimensions except for general health and mental health.Conclusion: The finding showed that people in poverty status suffered from a poor health and quality of life.

Objective(s): To determine the effect of health education based on health belief model (HBM) for promoting preventive behavior of tooth decay among the boy students, who are in five-grade in the primary school in Dezfool in 2009-2010.Methods: In this experimental study, 150 students were randomly allocated in the experimental (n=75) and control groups(n=75). After need assessment based on health belief model, suitable educational intervention was designed and implemented for the experimental group. The data were collected by the questionnaire. Two groups were followed-up one-month after completion of intervention. Finally, the collected data were analyzed by SPSS software (version 15).Results: There were no significant differences in demographic factors and constructs of model between the two groups before intervention, self efficacy and preventive behavior of tooth decay (P<0.05) between the two groups after intervention. After intervention, there were no significant differences between the two groups in the other constructs of model (perceived benefits, perceived barriers and cues to action).Conclusion: Our findings showed that educational intervention based on health belief model may be an effective method for promoting preventive behavior of tooth decay in students.

Objective(s): This study was carried out to determine the knowledge and practice of consumers in food labels and in Tehran, 2008-2009.Methods: In this descriptive and cross-sectional study, 2123 individuals were selected by random cluster sampling from the chain stores in Tehran. Data on demographics and knowledge and practice of consumers were collected by a questionnaire. The SPSS program and Chi2 test were used for data analysis.Results: In this study, the age range was 16-65 years and majority of them were 40-60 years. About 60% of the subjects were women. 80% of them were married and had at least diploma degree. A high percentage of consumers (44.2%) were in the lowest classification score of knowledge about the information printed on food packages. 82.8% of the subjects claimed they read food labels when shopping. The study of the consumers' views about the information printed on the food labels showed the satisfaction of about half of them, regarding the place and readability of the production and expiry date on food packages. However, more than half of subjects mentioned that nutrition information on food packages were non-readable and unintelligible, and were not in an appropriate position on the food packages.The findings revealed the effect of knowledge on the use of food labels. So those in the highest classification score of knowledge about food labels paid more attention to the food labels as compared with those in the lowest classification score of knowledge.Conclusion: This study showed that knowledge of people with information on food labels is very low and nutritional knowledge has a strong effect on nutritional practice. The results suggest that standardized food label designs, long term nutrition education, and training interpretation of information listed on food labels and the importance of using it in order to select the correct food to reduce the nutritional diseases is necessary.

Objective: Smoking bans reduce exposure to tobacco smoke. The aim of this study was to assess home smoking ban and associated factors among Iranian pregnant women.Methods: This investigation was designed as a cross-sectional study. Pregnant women (n=1232) attending public hospitals and health centers in Tehran were randomly recruited between March and July 2009 in Tehran, Iran. A questionnaire was completed through a face-to-face interview. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses determined factors associated with home smoking ban.Results: Prevalence of complete home smoking ban was 31.5%. A smoker family member (OR=1.96, 95% CI: 1.50-2.56) and the belief that secondhand smoke harm the fetus (cigarette, OR=0.24, 95% CI: 0.17-0.34), (waterpipe, OR=0.46, 95% CI: 0.33-0.63) were related to home smoking ban.Conclusions: More than half the pregnant women have no complete smoking ban in their home, and it is associated with smoker family members and the beliefs of pregnant women.

Objective: Thalassemia disease is providing many problems for patients, families and health care system. In family-centered empowerment model, individuals feel threatened with knowing the disease and its complications. This study was aimed at determine the effectiveness of family-centered empowerment model on the mothers’ knowledge and attitudes about thalassemia disorder.Methods: This semi-experimental study was performed on 86 thalassemic children that were randomly divided into case and control group. The research tool was researcher maker questionnaire of parents’ knowledge and attitude about the disease and it was used after determination content validity and reliability (internal correlation). The next was intervention stage.Results: Data analysis showed that before the intervention, the average of mother’s awareness and attitude in testing group was 12.98 (±4.99), 13.58 (±13.9) and in control group was 12.47 (±3.87), 11.02 (±11.26).There was no significant difference between average of knowledge and attitude in testing and control groups (p>0.05). But after performing model in the test group, the average of mother’s awareness and attitudes was 18/86 (±3.63), 22.09 (±10.02) and in control group was13.16 (±3.65), 12.13 (±10.83), that shows significant differences between two groups (p<0.05).Conclusion: The results of this study indicates that implementation of the family-centered empowerment model is effective on knowledge and attitudes of mothers of children with thalassemia. Using of this model was suggested in care of thalassemia patients for improvement mothers’ knowledge and attitude about disease.

Objective: To evaluate the prenatal care status to improve quality of prenatal care services in Shahid Beheshti university hospital and health canters.Method: This was a cross sectional descriptive study to evaluate status of provided prenatal care services in three domain of structure of the services, procedures of care and outcomes. Using nonrandomized Quota sampling, 600 subjects of care were assessed in 12 prenatal clinics of hospital and health centers of the university. Tools of the study were included: a questionnaire and a checklist to observe facilities and equipment, a check list to observe the care procedure and a questionnaire to assess clients’ satisfaction. The tools were used to assess the percentages of conformity with desired situation. These tools were mainly provided by an instruction of ministry of health. Content and face validity of these tools were assessed by a team of reproductive health experts and concurrent inter-rater reliability of the checklists were demonstrated by correlation coefficient of 0.84. Reliability of the satisfaction questionnaire was also shown by correlation coefficient of 0.9 and 0.95 using half splitting and test-retest methods. Data was analyzed by SPSS version 16 and using descriptive statistics and student t test and using 95% confidence interval.Results: 600 subjects with average pregnancy duration of 29.32±9.42 weeks were assessed in the study. Assessment of different care procedures demonstrated the percentages of conformity with desired situation as follow: counseling procedures 55.49±21.24 percent, history-taking procedure 48.71±11.36 percent, vital signs assessment 53.41±10.55 percent, general examination for first time attended clients 30.22±13.23 percent, obstetrical examination 91.77±27.01 percent, blood tests 93.83±21.89 percent, urinary tests 86.85±26.29 percent and sonograhic assessment of 95.7±4.3 percent. The conformity with desired situation of education about individual health and perinatal-risk assessment were 6.54±17.10 and 39.67±27.09 percent respectively. The results demonstrated 73.76±15.04 percent of clients’ satisfaction with the structure of prenatal care services and 70.54±13.13 percent of satisfaction with the care procedures.Conclusion: For the first time, this study assessed the prenatal care services in three dimensions of the services structure, care procedures and outcome of these services in the PNC clinics of Shahid Beheshti Medical Science University. The study aimed to provide a tool to assess quality of PNC area of reproductive health. Despite almost high quality obstetrical care and paraclinic tests, the quality of care in other care areas and the quality of clients’ education and counseling was moderate or low. Counseling and education are among the most important objectives of prenatal visits that needs precise planning and implementation.Screening of clients with psychosocial risks also requires special attention in prenatal care assessments. Preparing comprehensive forms for history taking, general and obstetrics assessments and would help to improve quality of prenatal care.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of an educational health intervention based on the Health Belief Model (HBM) in order to change intention to prevent hepatitis B among high School girl students in Arak, Iran.Methods: The present randomized semi-experimental research was carried out among 231 high school girls of Arak city in 2005-2006 (One hundred and twenty eight of samples were in trial group and 102 students in control group). The intention to prevent hepatitis B and other variables were compared and assessed before and 3 months after the educational intervention both in the trial and control groups. Data gathered through questionnaire and checklist. Data analysis was done by SPSS software using through regression, Chi-square, t, and ANOVA test.Results: After intervention the trial group showed significant improvement in the Intention to prevent hepatitis B (P=0.000). To give more precise estimate aspect of the effect of variables, they were entered in General linear model. In this model perceived susceptibility, self efficacy and perceived benefits accounted for 40% of variance in intent to prevent hepatitis B.Conclusion: Compare with traditional education, HBM constructs can be more effective framework for promoting preventive behavioral intention in high schools students.

Objective: To determine sexual behavior patterns in married woman with 19-45 ages who com to Taleghani heath center, Tehran, Iran.Methods: A cross-sectional study with a total of 200, 19-45 years old women who came to Taleghani health center was performed. Sampling was as simple method. A designed questionnaire administered for data collection. Content validity and Choronbach's Alpha were utilized for examination of validity and reliability respectively. Questionnaires were completed through interview. Then the data were analyzed using SPSS 15.Results: The mean age and marriage age in women was 34.08±7.04 and 20.73±3.9 years respectively. 24.5 % of them had anal sex and 23.5 % had oral sex. There were a significant relation between asked and acceptance of oral and anal sex (P<0.00). Most of them have more than one behavior in one sexual episode.Conclusion: There are Non-vaginal sex in some women of society that can lead to some physical problems such as urinary tract infections, genital infections and sexually transmitted and can had negatively psychologic load on women. Hence, advice and education on sexual health in the community seems to be necessary.