Journal of Isfahan Medical School
Year:2021 | Volume:38 | Issue:605|Papers Count:3

Background: Neuronal inflammation is a complex set of interactions between inflammatory cells and molecules that occurs after cerebral ischemia, and significantly contributes to the development of ischemic pathology. In this study, the protective effect of aerobic exercise on neuronal inflammation of the hippocampus of male rats following cerebral ischemia was investigated with emphasis on the role of microglia and astrocytes. Methods: 18 male Wistar rats weighing 250-300 g were divided into three groups of ischemia, exercise and ischemia, and sham. Rats in the exercise group ran on the treadmill for 4 weeks, 5 days a week. Cerebral ischemia was induced by blocking both common carotid arteries (CCA) for 20 minutes. To evaluate the rate of neuronal inflammation based on astrocytes and activated microglia index, expression levels of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule-1 (Iba-1) protein were determined by immunohistochemical staining. Findings: Aerobic training reduced the number of activated astrocytes and microglia in CA1 area of hippocampus after brain ischemia (P < 0. 010). Conclusion: Aerobic exercise reduces neuronal inflammation by decreasing the activation of microglia and astrocytes, and has protective effects against cerebral ischemia. According to the key role of neuroinflammation in the initiation of ischemic pathology signaling, this may be an important pathway to reduce ischemic brain injury

Background: Knee is the biggest synovial joint of the human’ s body and highly vulnerable that is supported from both sides by collateral ligaments such as anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). ACL injuries may be associated with bone bruise. Previous studies have shown that the location of bone bruise has important clinical concepts, and can reflect the mechanism of injury. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the incidence and common locations of bone bruise in the patients with ACL rupture. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, patients with ACL tears were entered according to the inclusion criteria using census-sampling method. Then, the required information including age, gender, marital status, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) report about the existence of bone bruise and its location were noted. Bone bruise was defined as signal increased in T2 MRI images. Findings: In total, 291 patient including 192 men (66%) and 99 women (34%) with mean age of 38. 85 ± 134. 84 years were studied. Of these, 120 cases (41. 2%) had bone bruise, and the lateral tibial platue and the lateral femoral condyle were founded to have higher incidence of it. Nevertheless, the incidences of bone bruise and its locations were not significantly different between the age, gender, and marital status groups. Conclusion: Bone bruise is common among the injuries of knee that lead to ACL damage. According to the most prevalent location of bone bruises on the MRI, the most common mechanism of ACL tear in men aged between 20 and 40 years was pivot-shift injury

Background: Surrogate mothers assist infertile couple by caring their baby. Assessments show differences on various aspects of reproductive health matters compared to normative pregnancy. The aim of this study was to develop a reproductive health care program for surrogate mothers. Methods: This was an exploratory study with the qualitative-quantitative sequencing design. Primarily, through a qualitative approach, surrogate mothers, care providers, and policymakers of reproductive health services were selected purposefully. The data were gathered through semi-designed interviews. Then, the researcher explained surrogate mothers’ needs about reproductive health care, and a care program draft was designed by integrating results of the qualitative study and reviewing the literature and guidelines. At the end of the study, reproductive and sexual health care program was designed using Delphi method. Findings: The surrogate mothers' reproductive health needs were summarized in four main categories: surrogate mothers' extra-care, educational needs, psychological support, and protecting against surrogacy social and familial consequences. The reproductive health care program for surrogate mothers was developed in six sections: primary screenings of surrogacy volunteer, pre-pregnancy, during embryo transfer, during pregnancy counseling and training, and follow-up postpartum care. Conclusion: Providing reproductive health care for surrogate mothers involves multiple unique challenges. The health care providers must carry out proper services to surrogate mothers