SPORT MANAGEMENT REVIEW
Year:2018 | Volume:10 | Issue:50 |Papers Count:12

Iran's economy has always been affected by exchange rate fluctuations, and this study has been designed to explain the relationship between exchange rate effects on the price index of sports goods the period of 1993-2015. The purpose and terms of theoretical and applied research method is analytical-descriptive. The collection of statistics in this study is documentary and library. Variable of index of prices of imports of sporting goods, along with the independent variables of gross domestic product, consumer price index, trade openness and final cost of business partners and nominal exchange rate, were introduced into the model. Statistics related to the explanatory variables Research were collected from the Central Bank of Iran, the International Monetary Fund and the Islamic Republic of Iran. For data analysis Was used the Eviews9 software. The empirical findings of the research showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between the exchange rate and the price index of imports of sporting goods in Iran. However, during the period under review, the rate of exchange rate effect on imports of sports goods was defective (0. 76). The variable of final cost of the business partners and the degree of openness of the trade have a positive effect and significant on the price of imports of sporting goods, but the effect of the consumer price index is not significant. Therefore, increasing the volume of trade in goods in the transitional effects of exchange rate changes on import prices will help sporting goods.

The aim of this study was factor analysis of the necessary cultural components before Sports Privatization. Research methodology was exploratory mixed method. The population of study were sports management professors, experts of sports privatization totally of 380 subjects and sample size was 198 people. The survey instrument was a semi-structured interview and researcher-made questionnaire. Form and content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by 12 professors of sport management. Reliability using Cronbach's alpha coefficient obtained α =0. 74 and was approved. For data analysis, descriptive statistics and inferential (factor analysis) was used. All analysis using statistical software PLS and Spss 20 at a significance level (α =0. 05) was performed. Research findings identified six essential cultural components before the privatization of sport, which were respectively: education and empowerment, private television network, government managers' attitudes, media, strategic thinking and trust. According to the results it can be concluded that the country's sports officials before transferring the sport to the private sector should take note of the cultural requirements until privatization process can be performed in favorable conditions.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the barriers of sport Poverty Reduction in Iran through structural interpretation modeling. The present study was Analytical descriptive method. The statistical population of the study consisted of sports management experts who have sufficient experience in policy areas as well as appropriate knowledge about issues related to poverty in sport. The research instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire with 23 questions that included 23 preventive measures for the elimination of sport in Iran. questionnaire of structure Validity was approved exploratory factor analysis method. Reliability of this questionnaire was confirmed by using Cronbach's alpha (α = 0. 88). The whole process of analyzing the data was done in SPSS and MicMac software. The results of this study showed that some barriers such as lack of attention of families to sport in deprived and poor areas of the country, the existence of natural and geographical changes in some deprived areas, and the creation of some natural disadvantages in these areas, lack of training programs in the field of sports in the regions Deprived and poor, cultural weakness regarding the use of all classes and groups in deprived and poor areas, lack of industrial and production units to support sport in the deprived and poorly populated areas of the country, and the lack of attention of senior sports managers of the country to the development of sport In the deprived and impoverished regions of the country, the main independent variables were identified The creation and formation of other barriers.

The present study was conducted aiming at the explication of market entry (West Asian Markets) mode strategies via resource-based and institutional influences on the Iranian body building equipment industry. Current research is applied in terms of method and has been done by means of survey. The statistic population includes all senior managers and employees of Iranian producing factories and exportimport companies of body building equipment in 2017 (192 cases). The PPS method was used for sampling. The research instrument includes the questionnaire of examining market entry mode strategies via resource-based and institutional influences of Zovo Kavogil (1996) and the questionnaire of company performance of Okas et al. (2012). Structural equation modeling technique was used to analyze the data using the software PLS and SPSS. Based on the results of data analysis, resource-based characteristics and environment-based features have a significant effect on the selection of market entry strategies. In addition, the strategies selected to penetrate the target market have a significant and positive effect on the company's performance. As a result, there are two equal and unequal modes of entry into the new market; companies seeking to enter the unequal state of the target market should have a dual view on their strategies: 1. Short-range vision (using strategies related to environmental resources Infiltration into the target market. 2. Long-term vision (considering organizational influences on the type of market entry choice).

The purpose of this study is investigation the role of sport event hosting on urban development. The method of this study is descriptive survey with the practical purpose and is executed through field. The statistical population include; member of the board of directors, sport management experts, urban development experts in ministry of roads and urban planning experts in municipality and tourism assistance experts. The population size of approximately 1000 was considered. With using of Morghan, s table 278 samples were selected by random cluster. The measurement tool in this research was questionnaire and main factors was found by exploratory factor analysis and confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis. Face validity of the questionnaire was approval and Cronbach's alpha coefficient was calculated 0. 92. For data analysis, were used of inferential statistics (Kolmogroph Smirnof and multiple variable regressions) at a significance level of 0. 05. The results showed that the structural model is fit. Also result of multiple variable regression showed that sport event hosting was a predictor variable for urban development. So mega event hosting in Iran can lead to creation of coherent organizational structure, creating financial resources and infrastructures development to urban development. Finally, can help urban management in order to achieve sustainable urban development.

This study aimed to Designing social media marketing model of Iran's pro league football clubs. This qualitative study was conducted by using grounded theory approach. Data was gathered by Interviews (n=19) with Top managers in football and media, Faculty members with a focus on sport marketing, marketing and Information Technology executives in league organization, media and marketing executives in football clubs, and social media experts that selected by judgment sampling. Data were analyzed according to the open, axial and selective coding. Through the three coding phase, categories and sub-categories of social media marketing of football clubs were identified and related to each other as follows: Causal conditions (structural factors, the nature of football, administrative factors, professional factors of sports industry, and social media-related factors); Intervening and context condition (ICT, cultural and social factors, legal factors, economic factors and factors related to government and politics); strategies (ICT actions, structural actions, cultural and social actions, legal actions, economic actions, marketing-related actions, Human resource-related actions, fan-related actions, social media-related actions); and Consequences (socio-cultural, economy, marketing, social media and fans consequences). Finally, coding paradigm described and theory was created. Current limitations of social media marketing in football clubs have occurred under various situations. It is far from desired situation. However, it can be achieved desired situations by using practical strategies that may lead to considerable outcomes.

Learning and learning together among all members is a key pillar of teaching organizations. The purpose of this study was to present a teaching organization model for physical education and sports sciences faculties that was carried out using systematic theory of foundation data theory. The participants in the present study were experts and clear-sighted persons in the field of teaching organization, working in physical education and sports sciences faculties. Twenty-two of them were selected as theoretical sampling for deep and exploratory interviews and interviews continued until theoretical saturation stage. The credibility of the findings was determined by the members' matching methods, peer reviews and trial interviews. For data analysis, open, axial and selective coding was used. The results indicate that 467 initial conceptual propositions with 15 main categories and 48 sub categories in the form of six dimensions of the paradigmatic model including: causal factors (3 categories); the main phenomenon (mutual teaching and learning between members); strategy (2 categories); the underlying features (3 categories); environmental conditions (5 categories); outcomes (2 categories) were identified. The integration of the categories based on the existing relationships between them around the mutual teaching and learning forms a paradigmatic model that reflects the pattern of the teaching organization for physical education and sports sciences faculties.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the factors affecting the development of basic sports in elementary schools of Ahvaz. The research method was descriptive-analytical. A survey was conducted. The statistical population included all male and female sports teachers in Ahvaz (N=521). The sample size was estimated using Morgan table (n=220). The instrument was a researchermade questionnaire designed by the researchers. To assess the content and the formality of the questionnaire, a number of related professors were reviewed and distributed after the desired modifications. Also, convergence and divergence validity were used to investigate the validity and reliability of the construct. The findings of this study showed that 9 factors of cultural and social, managerial and organizational, economic, personnel, equipment, motivational, time, climate and media affect the development of basic sports in elementary schools of Ahvaz. In general, considering the final output of the software and its fitting indexes, it was found that the proposed model is consistent with the data obtained from the research. In the meanwhile, management factors with path coefficient (0. 326) had the highest and motivational factors with path coefficient (0. 071) had the least effect on the development of basic sports in Ahvaz schools. In general, it is recommended that special consideration be given to the factors affecting the development of basic gymnastics in schools and to take into account the results of sporting school policies.

The present study was designed and implemented to investigating the role of strategic planning on strategy implementation success in the ministry of sports and youth, with the role of mediating the involvement of managers and the uncertainty of stakeholders. this research Was descriptive type that was done on the field. the statistical population of the study consisted of managers and experts of the ministry of sports and youth, whose number was 303. Based on the morgan sample size table, 175 individuals were identified as the sample of the study. the research tools included Albana et al. (2015) questionnaire of strategic planning, strategy implementation success and involvement of managers that designed and used in their research. Also, Miller and Droge (1986) questionnaire were used to investigate the uncertainty of the Stakeholders. In order to analyze the findings of this study, were used structural equation methods with PLS software. the results of this study showed that strategic planning does not directly affect the successful implementation of strategies (direct effect =0. 099; t = 0. 675). however, the uncertainty of the stakeholders (direct effect = 0. 533; t = 6. 588) and directors’ participation (direct effect = 0. 278; t = 2. 318) significantly contributed to the successful implementation of strategies in the ministry of sports and youth is influential. regarding the indirect effect of strategic planning on the successful implementation of strategies in the ministry of sports and youth, it is estimated at 0. 526 that the uncertainty variables of the stakeholders as well as the participation of managers in the strategic planning process have a mediating role in the relationship between the program strategic planning and successful implementation of strategies at the ministry of sports and youth. according to the results of the research, the importance of some issues, including the involvement of managers and reducing the dependence of organizations on the stakeholder to successfully implement strategies, is well understood.

This paper wants to extract online media branding. The method of this research is datamining and in terms of it’ s applicable. The research questionnaire was extracted from previous studies and included content, audience, media context and environment dimensions. The researcher-made questionnaire, after calculating its validity and reliability, was provided to audiences who visited the Varzesh3 more than 10 times a month. The statistical population of the study consisted of 800 thousand people per day. Using a systematic random sampling, 100 questionnaires were included in the sample size (8 thousand people). About 50 percent of them 4056 responded to the questionnaire. The response of the audience is extracted using the K-means algorithm processing and branding model. The results suggest that in order to increase the life of the audience, the professional components of the media, including reference, bias, newsworthiness and the speed of the publication of the news as "brand perceived quality" should be considered. The loyal behavior of the audience is also due to demographic factors. The clustering of a loyal audience with a center of age indicates that the largest cluster with 44% of men with Bachelor education and ranges from 26 to 35 old. “ Live scores” and “ league standing” are the varzesh3 of brand identity. It is suggested that this media pay more attention to the creation of Brand Identity for women and audiences under the age of 15.

The present study is a qualitative research. In this paper, using the Q approach, the managers' mental pattern in direction of Human capital agility is identified. A deep interview is the main tool for collecting data which its validity is confirmed using the CVR relative validity approach and its reliability using the Kapa Kohn method is confirmed. In addition, for sample selection, purposive sampling was used. In the present study with 23 interviews, discourse space was obtained. The results of the research include identifying the factors that make up the mentality of managers the results indicate that Supporter competence, Learning and intelligence support, promotes capacity building and flexibility, Promoters and positive and prospective promoters and developers, six subjective patterns of managers are aimed at Human capital agility. Research suggestions as well in two areas of applied and research for a more practical and effective action in the realm Human capital agility are provided.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of social stimuli on the purchasing decision of foreign wearing apparel consumers. The descriptivecorrelation research method was applied in the field of applied and applied purpose. The statistical population was the consumers of foreign sports clothing brands (Nike, Adidas) in Tehran. A sample size of 384 people was estimated using Morgan's table. Out of these, 380 acceptable questionnaires were analyzed. Measurement tools for the questionnaire were Mansuri Moeid et al. (2014) and Safarzadeh et al. (2011). The questionnaire consisted of three social stimulus indicators with 10 items, a decision to buy 5 items and emotional-perceptual indicators with 4 items. The faculty and content validity of the questionnaire was reviewed by eight sports management professors and after the corrections were used. Structural validity and validity were also presented using structural equations. The results showed that there was no significant difference between women's and men's views on the purchase of foreign sports goods. However, the regression weights of the model paths showed that social stimuli had a better effect on women's purchasing decisions than men in the shop floor space. In general, when vendors use polite and positive words and sentences, the buyer delivers more flexible and patient service during the service, as well as participates in incentive and promotional programs. Therefore, retail owners must create a desirable shop floor space, especially in the field of social stimuli, which stimulates buyer behavior and decision-making process for consumers.