SPORT MANAGEMENT REVIEW
Year:2019 | Volume:11 | Issue:53 |Papers Count:12

Today, the economy and sports industry are concerned as one of the most important economic sectors in all countries, especially developing countries. Sporting goods exports has always been one of the topics discussed economic decision-makers in the context of sports economy. Considering the importance of this sector of the economy sports, this study aimed to investigate convergence of exported goods group during 1992-2012 sports industry in Iran. The research method for the price pair is econometric generalized method of moments by using the Beta and Sigma convergence method in order to investigate the convergence of the grouping. Grouping goods including clothing, shoes, balls and sports equipment. The results showed that there is beta convergence in the sport of exported goods, the rate of convergence in this factor 0. 674 is statistically significant and indicates that the speed of convergence. Also, Sigma convergence test results approved the existence of convergence and reducing the deviations groups are through time. This factor is also statistically significant. Considering the results of the beta and sigma convergence can confirm the existence of convergence in exporting sporting goods group acknowledged Iran during the period studied.

Social marketing is a vehicle for handling social issues and it is a model for replacing healthy behaviors in the society. The purpose of this research is designing the optimal requirements for the implementation of social marketing in Recreational Sports in Iran. The qualitative method based on grounded theory (GT) was conducted. 19 experts were selected as a sample through chain sampling. Data gathered through unstructured and deep interviews. Data were analyzed based on emergent approach of Glasier through open, selective and theoretical coding. Data analysis revealed that the main categories of model are culture of participation, access to sport facilities, cost of participation, networks of social marketing (promotion), management and optimal behaviors and its benefits. It is worthwhile to mention that their components are cultures, values and behavior norms, family and social classes for the culture of participation and outdoors, easily access, training, need assessment for categories of accessibility and leisure time cards, free course, different pricing strategies, discounts for the participation fees, planning, organization, management, facilities and equipment, networking, evaluation and controls for the management issues, and finally the benefits of optimal behaviors are components of research model.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the affective factors on the status of the Iran s fitness clubs. This survey was exploratory and qualitative with Constructive approach that is used the grounded theory method. The statistical populations included of the experts and scholars of the bodybuilding Federation and province bodies, Sport and Youth Ministry and province offices, managers, coaches and clients of clubs, and some university professors (n=38). Samples were selected from 5 different provinces with Snowball Techniques and targeted method and continued until saturation. For data gathering in the first phase used of library studies, regulations, documents, books and Internet sites. In the second phase data collected from samples through open-ended questions and semi-structured interviews. For data analysis, three-step encoding open, axial and selective by Maxqda software version 10 was used. In the first phase, 427 codes extracted and were classified at 34 concepts. In the second stage concepts combined into three main categories and were divided inside the club, outside the club and mediators. In the final stage on the base of issues relations the research model was derived. Model confirmed through focus group method. This model can help to create a healthy climate in the clubs, the creation of a stable income, generate employment in the clubs, cultural development and ethics, enhance customer satisfaction and improve society's attitude to the fitness clubs.

Why would a company's value proposition to customers by other companies? The value proposition of packages of products or services that meet the needs of a particular segment of customers. The aim of this research was identifying the components of value proposition Sport businesses model as one of the components 9 business model Osterwalder. This is an applied research and the kind of research was survey study. Statistical populations were owners and managements businesses of sport service and Academic experts in the field of business management and sports management those choice 21 persons. Sampling method was snowball Targeted and non-random until theoretical saturation. The methodology was qualitative using Content Analysis and Semi-structured interview methods and components to the customer value proposition as one of the main elements of the business model sports and sports services were identified. Results showed educational services provided to the customer, consulting services, utilities, health, wellness, recreation, sports medicine services and emotional needs the values of sports are offered in business. Then respond to financial needs and sell products in the next rank component of the value proposition to business customers’ sports services. Based on the findings, it is recommended to business managers Sport, by analyzing the needs of customers, value proposition competitors and analyze the internal and external business, to create customer value proposition components as a key element of competition in Sport service businesses will have special attention.

The aim of this study was identification and prioritization of Judo talent identification parameters for Judo sport in Iran. This research was mixed method (in quality, classic modified Delphi method and quantitative, descriptive and analytical), respectively. The populations in the qualitative section consist of federation officials, national team coaches and experts of sports talent (n=30), and in the quantitative section included members of the Federation, the national team coaches and athletes, provincial officials and university professors (n=105). Sampling was targeted and accessible. Data Collection tools was interviews and a researcher-made questionnaire. Its validity was confirmed by 12 experts. Reliability confirmed through Cronbach's alpha that obtained 0. 79. Data analysis was done through using descriptive statistics (frequencies, tables) and inferential statistics (EFA and Friedman test) with Spss20 and CFA was performed with using LISREL 8. 5. According to results, judo talent indicators based on priorities are as follow: Characteristics of skill, physical and physiological, anthropometric and psychological. According to results, administrators of federation should pay attention to judo talent indicators. Undoubtedly, a scientific view to the process of talent identification can be useful to develop judo through athlete’ s win in judo competitions and sport events.

The present study was conducted with the aim of study sensory marketing and brand trust among sports shops customers in the Mazandaran province. The research used a descriptive-correlational method with field survey for data collection. The statistical population consisted of all customers of the Nike, Adidas, Reebok, Puma and Majid sports shops in the Mazandaran province. Given the unlimited size of the population, 384 individuals were selected through simple random sampling. The sensory marketing questionnaire of Hosseini and Pourkiani (2015) and the questionnaire of customers’ trust of Ueacharoenkit (2014) were used for data collection. The reliability of both questionnaires was confirmed by 10 PE university teachers, and their validity was 0. 87 and 0. 88 respectively based on the Cronbach’ s alpha coefficient. The normalized coefficient of kurtosis, the Pearson correlation test and path analysis in the SPSS software were used to test the research hypotheses. Based on the research findings, there was a significant positive relationship between sensory marketing and brand trust among sports shops customers in the Mazandaran province. It was revealed that the senses of sight, hearing, and smell had a significant positive impact on customer trust in the brand, whereas the senses of taste and touch did not. The regression analysis results showed that 61. 6% of the variance in customer trust is related to sensory marketing. The results confirm the necessity of developing indicators of sensory marketing such as the senses of sight, smell, and hearing. Clearly, by creating a sensory or affective experience, customer trust could be improved among sports shops customers.

This study aimed to construct and validate a tool to evaluate the perception of political behavior is done. The statistical population of the study consisted of all employees of the Ministry of Sports and Youth; whose number is 1171 people. In order to estimate the sample size, a sample size was used. According to this, the sample size was estimated at 530 people patients was assessed on the same basis. It is worth noting that this research is descriptive and is a type of correlation study. The face and content validity of the research tool was verified by a group of professors and its construct validity through exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis based on structural equation model. For data analysis software Spss, Spss Sample Power and Amos were used. The results showed that the result of Bartlett's sprite test was at a significant level (Sig = 0. 001), which means that the variables are sufficiently correlated to provide a reasonable basis for exploratory factor analysis. The results of model parameters measurements showed that the questionnaire perceived organizational politics is desirable. Finally, the fitting results of the structural model indicate that all components of "general political behaviors, success through cooperation, payment and promotion policies" confirm fit of the model. In general, the results of the research indicate that using the perceptions of political behaviors can be used to measure the characteristics of political behaviors in the Ministry of Sport and other sports organizations. Using this questionnaire can pave the way for many studies in which measurement of perceptions of political behaviors will be of great importance.

The purpose of this study was determined the role of social responsibility in attitude of fans toward team in Iran football. The research method was descriptive-correlation. The statistical population of the study included all fans over 18 years old in the Premier League in 2015/16 season. Sample size based on factor analysis, 2 to 10-fold of the items was selected and finally, 640 questionnaires were analyzed. To analyze of conceptual model the data collected through four questionnaires of social responsibility (Montazeri and et al, 2017), team image (Chun, 2008), attitudinal loyalty (Gladden and Funk, 2001), and team identification (Heere and et al, 2011), after obtained the validity (face, content, and structure). To calculate reliability Cronbach’ s alpha was used, and to analyze the data, structural equation modeling was used. The structural equation model showed that, overall indices of structural model were in good condition, thus, it was concluded that social responsibility in football had a positive and effective role on attitudes of fans. In addition, indirect effect of social responsibility in fans’ loyalty was significant, and meantime, the team image and team identification played the mediator role. Thus, social responsibility has positive direct and indirect effect on the mind and attitudes of fans. Therefore, it is recommended to manager of sport teams to consider the fans’ interest in social issues and various social responsibility initiatives putted in their long-term plans.

Now days attention to the customer needs and respond to their demands in sports places through improved service quality and satisfaction is so important. Present study has been conducted to aim determination of the relationship between service quality (based on QUESC Model) and satisfaction and future intention students in extracurricular sport activities in Azad University of Hamedan. This study is descriptive and kind of correlation. The statistical population of this study included the user students of extracurricular sport activities programs at Azad University of Hamadan. According to Cochran formula 384 people were selected as the research sample. To measure of service quality (QUESC) questionnaire was used to measure of customer satisfaction, customer satisfaction questionnaire (OCS) was used and to measure of future intention participation, future behavior questionnaire was used. Research data were analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics such as Spearman, regression, Wilcoxon and Friedman. The results of this study indicated that there is a positive correlation between service quality and satisfaction and future intention. Other results indicated that 7. 5% of variations variance in satisfaction through service quality and 22% of variations variance future intention through service quality can be explain. According to the results of the research, recommend to pay special attention to the service quality in sports clubs, in order to increase service quality, get more satisfaction and future intention.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of parks structure and status of living environment on physical activity among citizenship of Ahvaz. The research method is a survey and its target is applicable. The sample consisted of 370 persons referred to in Ahvaz parks for physical activity by random sampling. Data was collected by a researcher-made questionnaire in two parts, status of living environment (14 question) and parks structure (17 question) was adjusted, that face and content validity was measured by comments the number of university sport experts and to determine the structure validity, we used confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). After determining of reliability, the questionnaire was distributed. Research data by using structural equation modeling with Smart PLS software analyzed. The research results showed that parks structure and status of living environment have direct and significant effect on citizens of physical activity, and also parks structure has a moderating effect on physical activity. Based on the findings in the case of the possibility of changing the living environment and their related indicators such as proximity does not exist, by equipment and enhance the quality of sports facilities and recreational parks, can be largely reduced barriers to the use of the park and tends to encourage people to doing physical activity.

In today's complex world, organizations are always trying to develop the staff’ s capabilities and capacities to enhance the productivity and organizational efficiency. This study was a quasi-experimental research including two groups and pretest-posttest, as well as follow-up study. The aim of this research was to measure the effect of educational intervention of seven quantum management skills on job satisfaction, job involvement, and organizational commitment of physical education teachers in the third educational district of Isfahan. 29 physical education teachers were selected by availability sampling method and then accidentally divided in two group (experimental group: 14, control group: 15). The instruments in this research includes Minnesota job satisfaction questionnaire (1967), Lodahl and Kejner job involvement scale (1965), and Meyer and Allen organizational commitment scale (1991). The experimental group in this research participated for 8 sessions in quantum management skills education classes during one month. Also, both of experimental and control groups measured by research instruments before, after, and after 3 months of educational intervention. The data was analyzed by covariate analysis method. The results indicated that educational intervention of quantum management skills significantly effect on improving the mean numbers of PE teachers’ job satisfaction (14. 19), job involvement (8. 19), and organizational commitment (12. 73). Also, that effect was stable after three months of intervention. Accordingly, the relevant authorities in the Ministry of Education recommended to teach seven quantum management skills to PE teachers in order to improve their job attitudes.

The aim of the current study was to examine the effect of brand personality of football teams on fans' brand preferences and fans' brand loyalty. According to research purpose, the study was a descriptive and a practical one, that was conducted based on structural equation modeling. The research population involved the fans of Esteghlal and Perspolis football clubs, and a sample of 441 football fans were selected through random sampling in stadiums that were selected purposely. Chen& Chang's brand preference questionnaire (2008), and He's brand loyalty questionnaire (2012) have been applied as research tool. Brand personality questionnaire was designed based on main dimensions of Aaker' s brand personality questionnaire (1997). The questionnaires validity was verified by sport marketing experts, and the reliability of brand personality, Brand loyalty, and Brand preference questionnaire were respectively found to be 0. 86, 0. 91, and 0. 79 according to Chronbach's alpha. SPSS18 and Amos18 and structural equation modeling were applied for data analysis. The results indicated that brand personality was effective on brand preference (β =0. 51), brand personality was effective on brand loyalty (β =0. 46), and brand preference was effective on brand loyalty (β =0. 58). This study determines the benefits and value of football teams' brand personality in the process of maintaining fans' loyalty.