SPORT MANAGEMENT REVIEW
Year:2019 | Volume:10 | Issue:52 |Papers Count:12

The purpose of the present study was pathology the process of policy-making in sport for all in Iran and presentation the model. Research method in terms of the purpose was practical and in view of the nature of the research data was mixed design. Executives and experts of sport for all were considered as statistical population. The sampling method for qualitative section research was convenient and with using targeted sampling techniques and based on the sampling criterion was conducted with16 people. The data were collected through interviews. Then data from interviews by Streubert and Carpenter’ s method (2011) coded and analyzed. For quantitative section samples were selected randomly and data were collected by questionnaire. The items of this questionnaire were extracted from the systematic interviews with the managers and executives of sport for all. The reliability of the questionnaire was calculated by Cronbach's alpha method (α = 0. 83). Data analysis in this section was done with using SPSS software and Friedman test. In qualitative section the results showed that the organizational components, beliefs and cultures, economic conditions, analysis, interpretation and compilation of scientific, studies and research are the factors affecting in sport’ s policy-making and existing damage in the process of policymaking in sport for all including factors such as poor monitoring, poorly structured, lack of planning and implementation, poor performance of the media, limited financial resources, poor performance of human resources, rules and limited partnerships, academic and research centers. Also, adaptation and localized studies organizational management, cultural and religious patterns, patterns based on scientific research, patterns that can be used for policy making in sport for all. According to the results in the quantitative section there was no significant difference between the mean scores of the damage in sport for all and amount role of information sources available. In general, the results showed that the sport's policy-making process associated with damages and challenges that they must to know and be modified based on scientific methods. The most important items are the structural changes and amendments the laws and used of accurate and scientific patterns for policy making.

According to the strategic plans of the country in recent years in the field of sport is carried out, Due to the large body of research has been done in this area there is a lack of fundamental research in this area. The aim of this study was to serveing the development of sport with the exploratory nature of the fundamental. Qualitative research methods that are designed based on grounded theory by paradigm model of sport's development, the instrument used was a semistructured interview that the views of 21 experts was used sport. Sampling method is purposive sampling. Research output, paradigmatic model to investigate the factors that condition the development of sport in the country, causes, central issues, confounding conditions, strategies and outcomes have been formed. This is the code that mentions the open coding crypto acceleration in the first few issues of "definitions and terms, obstacles, compared to the leading countries, motivations, situational analysis, macro strategies and at the end of practice and procedure "is obtained. In the second stage the crypto acceleration, axial coding with the central issue of the development of sport and subcategories such as "charm sports, driving, obstacles and motivations" has been done. Concepts that finally the issue that has become clear that many factors not related to the individual development but also facilitates environmental factors and the removal of barriers to people driving safely is your sport of choice among leisure activities will changes in the concepts of sport and increase the motivation of important factors that should arise.

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of market orientation and brand orientation with small sports clubs' performance in Isfahan Province and to present the structural equation modeling. The research method was descriptive-analytic and correlation type. For modeling, we used the partial least squares approach. The statistical sample of research was sport businesses including small sports clubs, which were selected by simple random sampling. The results showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between market orientation and brand orientation and the sports clubs’ performance, and the sports clubs’ performance is predicted by market orientation and brand orientation. It seems that businesses seeking to obtain information from customers in order to meet their present and future needs have a better performance. In other words, market orientation is an important predictor for the clubs’ performance. Additionally, businesses following the process of creating and developing the brand have a positive impact on the clubs’ performance. People may be more likely to buy a small sports club in response to a well-known brand.

The aim of the present study was to use KANO-QFD to investigate the promotion of the quality level of services of academic sport facilities and places at Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University from the students' perspective. In the first stage of this descriptive study, 256 students answered the 22-item SERVQUAL standard questionnaire (Parasuraman et al, 1985) aiming at detecting the lack of service quality of academic sport facilities and places. In the second stage, 240 students completed the Kano questionnaire to identify and categorize their needs. Finally, following the QFD house quality model formation, the house quality relationships matrix was formed and the technical features were defined. The results showed negative gap in all five dimensions of sports facility services quality at the university. Moreover, 10 basic needs as the voice of customer were entered to the QFD house quality model matrix and 12 technical features were extracted to improve them. It can conclude that the lack of proper planning and human resources weakness in offering services were the most common issues of athletic facilities and places of the university. Close contacts with students, question and answer sessions to detect their needs, more budget allocation to student's sports activities, and also recruitment of more expert human resources are the most essential strategies to promote service quality of academic sport facilities and places at the university.

Nowadays, Internet has become a widespread context for business and a media for marketing. The purpose of this study was to investigate the online shopping style of sport products from virtual networks and online stores. The research follows a descriptive methodology and is of survey kind. The statistical population of the study was the members of Telegram Channels and Instagram pages of three stores namely Football Shop, Iran Sporter and Marial Spartan; 385 members of these channels and pages completed the questionnaire thoroughly. Data gathering tool was Lee (2012) questionnaire; the formal and content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by 12 sport management specialists and reliability of the questionnaire was also obtained using Cronbach's alpha coefficient (0. 89), indicating the appropriate reliability for questionnaire. Descriptive statistics was used for describing the demographic characteristics, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test for the investigating normal distribution of the data, Topsis model for ranking the various shopping styles, and Manova test for comparing different types of shopping styles based on the demographic characteristics. The results showed that from the consumers' point of view, the quality component and the price were the most important items. Items such as impulse, loyalty, brand, recreation, confusion, fashion, and endorsement had a low priority. The results also showed that there is a significant difference between all components of shopping style of respondents based on the demographic variables including age, gender, marital state, education, and income.

This study was conducted to introduce a model for organizational agility based on information technology from the viewpoint of sports experts. In terms of quality and data gathering, phenomenology and in-depth interview approaches have been applied in the present study. The study population consisted of a group that has a good command of the issue including sports experts (active individuals in technology field and knowledge management, university professors, technology contributors and entrepreneurs and sports infrastructure organizations); data was gathered using the snowball sampling method and it achieved theoretical saturation using the viewpoints of 15 experts. The results of the in-depth interviews were converted into the tree model of information infrastructure in sports organization and organizational agility using the open, axial, and selective coding methods. Our findings show that information technology, network communications, architecture and data services, information management, technology institutions, adaptability, and technology speed are the main pillars of these infrastructures; hence, the assumption on the role of organizational agility is supported. To ensure the consistency of the encoding factors, MAXQDA Software (Version 12) was used and the coefficient of agreement of 81 % was obtained. We believe that the relevant model may be able to facilitate the integration of technology in sports and its organizational agility.

The aim of the present research was to assess the effect of information technology on communication satisfaction and organizational learning in Sport Sciences Research Institute staff. A descriptive-correlative study has been performed in the field. Statistical population of the research is including of all the staff of Sport Sciences Research Institute of Iran (N=n=73). Duon Hazen (1997), Nife organizational learning (2001), and information technology Ahmadpour (2011) questionnaires were used to assess the relationship satisfaction. Face validity and the content of the questionnaires have been validated by 10 lecturers and Cronbach ∝ was reported as 0. 97, 0. 97, 0. 85 respectively. SPSS and AMOS were used to perform the statistics. Correlation test showed a positive correlation between relationship satisfaction and information technology of the staff. The results out of the modeling of the study showed a significant positive effect of relationship satisfaction and information technology on organizational learning. Based on factorial loading values the effect of information technology on relationship satisfaction of the staff (β =0. 91) and the effect of information technology on organizational learning (β =0. 97). Finally based on the hypothetical fitting model of the study, the variables of the research were fitted enough. Paying attention to the information technology was then concluded to be one of the succeeding and improvement factors of organizational learning and relationship satisfaction of the staff in the Sport Science Institute of Iran.

The objective of the research was to investigate the mediating role of organizational destruction in the relationship between perceived organizational support and job health among the staff of sports and youth departments, Golestan Province, Iran. The research was of descriptive-correlation type and it was applied in terms of target, which was performed as monitoring. The statistical population was all the staff of the General Directorate of Sports and Youth, Heads of Education, Secretaries and Vice president of the city and provincial councils of Golestan Province. The used questionnaires were as follows: i) organizational personality destruction inventory, ii) the perceived organizational support, and iii) job health (job satisfaction, emotional exhaustion, and psychological stress). Data analysis was carried out using Pearson correlation test, confirmatory factor analysis, and path analysis. According to the results, organizational support had a positive effect on job satisfaction (β =0. 34) and had a negative effect on emotional exhaustion (β =-0. 20) and psychological stresses (β =-0. 26). Moreover, it had a positive effect on job satisfaction (β =0. 16) through organizational personality destruction indirectly. Organizational support indirectly and through organizational personality destruction had a negative effect on emotional exhaustion (β =-0. 15) and psychological stress (β =-0. 96). In conclusion, organizational personality destruction plays a mediating role in the relationship between organizational support and employees’ occupational health. Hence, considering the perception of organizational personality destruction in organizations can have a positive effect on reducing the exhaustion and psychological stress and improve job satisfaction.

The main purpose of this study was to determine the effect of entrepreneurial orientations on financial performance among private sports clubs. In this correlational study (structural equation modeling), 224 private sports clubs were selected out of the 513 sports clubs in Tehran city using the relative stratified random sampling method, and their managers completed individual information and entrepreneurial orientation scale forms. The data were analyzed using the Pearson correlation coefficient and structural equation modeling at a 95% confidence level. The results showed that the levels of entrepreneurial orientations of private sports clubs in Tehran in the dimensions of innovation, proactiveness, and competitive aggressiveness were higher than the average level, and in the dimensions of risk-taking and autonomy, they were at a moderate level. Based on the correlational analysis, the financial performance of a private sports club had significant and positive relationships with the overall level of entrepreneurial orientation and its dimensions, in which the strongest and weakest correlations were related to innovativeness and risk-taking, respectively. Structural equations modeling showed that the entrepreneurial orientations of innovativeness, proactiveness, competitive aggressiveness, autonomy, and risk-taking had the highest share in explaining a club’ s financial performance, respectively, and overall, explained 58% of its variance. Based on the findings, entrepreneurial orientations, especially innovativeness and proactiveness, can enhance the financial performance of a private sports club.

This study focuses on the effects of sports brand of Kaleh volleyball team on brand preference at the time of purchase. This is a descriptive-correlational study and its population consists of the fans of Kaleh volleyball team in Amol (Iran, Mazandaran). The samples were determined through Cochran formula and finally 317 questionnaires were analyzed. The results indicated that brand experience, identity, and personality have a significant and positive effect on brand satisfaction and brand loyalty. Furthermore, brand satisfaction and brand loyalty have a significant and positive effect on brand preference. However, brand satisfaction has an insignificant impact on brand loyalty. The results of Sobel test revealed that brand identity and personality positively affect brand preference through brand satisfaction and brand loyalty. Also, brand experience positively influences brand preference through brand satisfaction. However, brand experience has insignificant effects on brand preference through loyalty, and also brand personality, identity, and experience have insignificant effects on brand preference through brand satisfaction. Similarly, brand satisfaction has insignificant effects on brand preference through loyalty. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the fans of Kalleh team prefer the brand of Kalleh versus other brands at the time of purchase provided that the constituent elements of brand personality, identity, and experience are strong enough to be accepted by them which makes them satisfied and loyal.; In this way, it leads to brand preference at the time of purchase.

The present descriptive survey was formulated in order to determine the effect of using social networks on knowledge sharing and learning in the personnel of Sport and Youth offices in Golestan province. The study sample (N=141) was selected from the entire personnel of Sport and Youth offices in Golestan Province (N=220) using a simple random approach via Cochran’ s formula. Data collection was carried out by means of three tools namely using social networks in workplace, knowledge sharing, and employees learning developed by Barker et al. (2013), Rahman and Hussein (2014), and Barker et al. (2013), respectively. The validity of the questionnaires was confirmed based upon the viewpoints of five experts in the field of sport management; moreover, the reliability of the tools was measured by calculating Cronbach’ s alpha to be 0. 85, 0. 78, and 0. 79, respectively. Data analyses and measurement of variables’ effects were performed through structural equation modeling (SEM) in Smart PLS. The results obtained from this study revealed that using social networks in workplace has significant and positive effects on knowledge sharing and employees learning in the personnel of Sport and Youth offices in Golestan Province. Therefore, it can be concluded that using social networks in workplace may contribute to knowledge sharing and learning in employees. Nonetheless, it is recommended to consider effective management approaches on the use of social networks in Sport and Youth offices in order to reach organizational goals.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of brand identity on rebuy intention with mediation of sport customers’ self-determination. The research method used is descriptive-survey and it is an applied research. In terms of the unlimited amount of the population, the sample size was estimated to be 385 with Cochran formula. For data collection, three adapted questionnaires were used, Dehdashti Shahrokh brand identity questionnaire (2012) which includes 4 questions, the Guimaras' customers’ Self Determination (2015) which includes 5 questions, and Lim's rebuy intention questionnaire (2006) including 7 questions. The validity and reliability of the questionnaires were confirmed. Data analysis was performed using path analysis in the LISREL software. The impact coefficient of brand identity on the rebuy intention is 0. 33 and it affects brand identity indirectly and through mediation of the customer's self-determination by 0. 53. Brand identity directly affects customer self-determination by 0. 56. The findings of the research suggest that managers pay more attention to promotion management and sport brand marketing, value creation to the customers, brand imagination in customers’ mind, using social and psychological processes, and adapting brand features with customer features.