Iranian Journal of Psychiatric Nursing
Year:2016 | Volume:4 | Issue:4 |Papers Count:8

Introduction: Today, computer games have become an integral part of the lives of children, adolescents, young adults and adults. This study aimed to explore the impact of computer games on mental health of secondary school students (third grade) in schools of 19 stricts of Tehran, Iran. Methods: The method of study was retrospective, and pretest-posttest type. The study sample consisted of students in third-grade primary schools in Tehran. The sample size was selected using Cochran formula (897). The research tools were mental health and research-made questionnaires. The validity of the latter was verified by A. P experts and relevant specialists. The reliability of the research was validated based on Cronbach’ s coefficient as 0. 79. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics (tables of tendency to center and distribution indexes and frequency tables) and inferential statistics (one-way ANOVA) as well as SPSS software. Results: The significance level obtained for the relationship between the use of computer games and different aspects of health were as follows: aggression 0. 001, depression 0. 002, anxiety 0. 003, interpersonal sensitivity 0. 003, less than (0. 005). The results reject the null hypothesis for all the research hypotheses, and hypotheses regarding the relationship between the use of computer games and various aspects of health were confirmed. Conclusions: The research findings statistically suggest that students who do not play computer games are in much better conditions in terms of mental health level in all dimensions (aggression, depression, interpersonal sensitivity and physical symptoms) compared with students who play more or less. Furthermore, planning to optimize the use of leisure time in students can prevent the spread of inappropriate games.

Introduction: As one of the main treatment, chemotherapy is used for cancer treatment; however, it has several side effects, one of which is deficit in executive functions, commonly referred to as 'chemo brain'. The aim of this study was to compare retrospective and prospective memory in women with breast cancer as well as breast cancer survivors with history of chemotherapy to healthy counterparts. Methods: This study was cross-sectional and causal-comparative. The sample included 40 women diagnosed with breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy, 40 women with history of chemotherapy who were survivors of breast cancer, and 40 healthy counterpart individuals with no history of chronic diseases, whose prospective and retrospective memory were assessed by questionnaires. The obtained data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance and SPSS version 22. Results: Data analysis showed that prospective and retrospective memory function in women with history of chemotherapy and survivors of breast cancer were significantly different (P < 0. 05) compared with healthy counterparts. This means that women undergoing treatment for breast cancer and cancer survivors showed weakness in prospective and retrospective memory function compared with their normal counterparts. Also, prospective and retrospective memory function in patients with breast cancer and survivors showed a significant difference (P < 0. 05). Bonferroni test result showed that women undergoing chemotherapy showed more weakness in prospective and retrospective memory function in comparison with survivor counterparts. Conclusions: Memory can be considered as one of the main causes of patients’ adherence to treatment, which affects patients’ satisfaction directly and indirectly. Health professionals can be inspired by the findings in this group of individuals to determine what strategies are useful for improving memory and to examine its effects on patients’ medication adherence.

Introduction: Emotional intelligence is one of the main issues in the psychological area which plays an important role in various aspects of life such as achievement motivation. This study aimed to examine the relationship between emotional intelligence and academic motivation and also to study the determinant factors of these main variables in medical sciences students. Methods: In this descriptive correlational study (January to March 2016), 402 students were recruited from five schools of Qazvin University of Medical Sciences by quota sampling method. Data were collected using demographic questionnaire, Bradberry & Greaves Emotional Intelligence and Vallerand Academic Motivation Scale. In order for data analysis, descriptive and inferential statistics like Pearson’ s correlation and multiple regression analysis were performed using SPSS version 22. Results: The results showed that there was a significant positive relationship between emotional intelligence and academic motivation among students (r =0. 464, P < 0. 01). Moreover, female students reported higher academic motivation than males. The results of multiple regression model indicated that emotional intelligence significantly and positively predicted academic motivation (β = 0. 646, P < 0. 001). None of the variables could predict the emotional intelligence. Conclusions: Results of the present study show that there was a relationship between emotional intelligence and academic motivation. Therefore, proper planning and providing appropriate educational services are recommended to enhance emotional intelligence and strengthen motivation for academic achievement.

Introduction: Preterm birth has been associated with a high frequency of developmental disturbances and risk for long-term cognitive, affective and behavioral problems. Therefore, the goal of this study was to compare the level of mood disorders and anxiety symptoms, as well as behavioral disorders including hyperactivity/attention deficit problems, and oppositional defiant problems, and to compare the conduct problems between preterm and term children at elementaryschool age. Methods: The research had a causal-comparative approach. Of the 260 of 400 parents who responded, 215 had full reports on Child Behavioral Checklist and obstetric conditions questionnaire; 27 preterm children were compared with term counterparts, who were paired according to gender and age. Data were analyzed using SPSS (version 20), descriptive statistics and multiple-way analysis of variance (MANOVA). Results: The results of this study showed that, children who were born preterm had significantly higher levels of affective disorder, anxiety disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder scores compared with the controls. Conclusions: Preterm birth is associated with affective and behavioral problems. Together with the results of our study, these findings suggest that mechanisms linking early environment with laterlife susceptibility to clinical outcomes might include mechanisms leading to shorter gestation age.

Introduction: Depression is a common and potential disabling factor in infertile females. The aim of the present research was to examine the relationship between cognitive emotion regulation strategies and resilience, and depression of infertile females. Methods: This research was a correlational study. The sample of the present study included three hundred infertile females referred to the infertility institution of Tabriz Jahad University, which were selected using the random sampling method. For collecting the data, Garnefski cognitive emotion regulation scale, Conner resilience questionnaire and Beck depression inventory were used. The data were analyzed with Pearson correlation test and multiple regression analysis and SPSS software version 22. The P value was considered significant at 0. 05. Results: There was a positive relationship between depression of infertile females and self-blame, others-blame, preoccupation, catastrophizing, and putting into perspective, and there was a negative significant relationship with resilience, renewed positive concentration, renewed positive appraisal, acceptance and renewed concentration on scheduling. The results of multivariate correlation coefficient through the Enter method showed that variable resilience and cognitive emotion regulation had a role (R2 = 49. 1%) in explaining depression in infertile females. Conclusions: In accordance with the reverse relationship between depression in infertile females and resilience and cognitive emotion regulation strategies, it seems that resilience and adaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies can lead to a decrease in depression in infertile females.

Introduction: Mobile social networks are one of the most challenging manifestations of modern technology that despite having attractions and many capabilities, have some devastating impacts on people’ s social life. This study aimed to design and assess the psychometric properties of an addiction to mobile questionnaire based on social networks. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 260 students from Bushehr University of Medical Sciences were selected by the convenience sampling method. The Waltz method (2010) was used to design the questionnaire. The initial questionnaire with 27 items was designed according to available Internet addiction questionnaires. The face and content validity of the questionnaire was verified by 10 experts from Bushehr University of Medical Sciences. Construct validity was conducted by exploratory factor analysis. Eventually, the internal reliability of the questionnaire was determined by calculating Cronbach's alpha. Results: The initial version of the questionnaire was designed with 27 items. The index and ratio of content validity were calculated as 0. 95 and 0. 86, respectively. According to exploratory factor analysis, the number of items was reduced to 23 and the questionnaire was classified into four factors, including individual performance, time management, self-control and social communication with prediction capability of 57. 470. The internal reliability coefficient was α = 0. 92. Conclusions: Due to the strength of the structure and having appropriate psychometric specifications, the final questionnaire with 23 items had the capability to be used by researchers. It is recommended for future studies to measure other validities such as prediction validity.

Introduction: Postpartum depression in fathers is one of the major problems in the postpartum period, which causes numerous side effects including disturbance in family relationships, which in turn has a negative effect on child growth and development. This research aimed to determine the prevalence of postpartum depression in fathers as well as its predisposing factors. Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was done on 144 eligible fathers, whose spouses referred to receive postpartum care at health centers of Arak city during year 2013. Random cluster sampling was done in different areas of Arak. Demographic characteristics form and Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EDPS) were used to collect data. Data was analyzed by SPSS version 16 software, using descriptive and inferential statistics (X2 and logistic regression). Results: Results showed that rate of prevalence of postpartum depression among fathers was 45. 8%. The X2 test showed that economic situation was a significant matter related to depression outbreak in fathers (P = 0. 001). This test also demonstrated that problems with the spouse’ s family was a prognosticative factor (P = 0. 05). Other variables showed no relationships with paternal depression (P > 0. 05). Conclusions: Postpartum depression in fathers is relatively common so it is suggested to prevent it by controlling predisposing factors and treating symptoms in early phases.

Introduction: Undoubtedly, health is the most important aspect of human life and various factors in a person’ s life can have a key role in this issue. Hence, the purpose of the present research was to investigate the role of secularism and spiritual experiences in prediction of public health in nursing and midwifery students. Methods: The research method was descriptive and correlational. The statistical population of the study included all nursing and midwifery students studying at the Jundishapur University of Ahvaz during year 2015, 205 of which were selected by random sampling. To data collection, the Health survey questionnaire (SF36), secularism measurement scale and daily spiritual experience scale (DSES) were used. The data was analyzed through Pearson correlation and multivariate regression. Results: Pearson correlation results showed that there was a significant relationship between public health and secularism, and spiritual experiences (P < 0. 05) and inter regression results showed that secularism and spiritual experiences together explained 51. 5% of the variance of public health. Conclusions: Given that secularism and spiritual experiences were significant predictors of public health, the public health level of students can be promoted by reduction of secularism perspective and increase of spirituality.