IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRIC NURSING (IJPN)
Year:2016 | Volume:4 | Issue:2 |Papers Count:8

Introduction: Infertility in women is a stressful experience and a critical period. By losing the chance to become pregnancy, women's level of psychological distress and anguish increases, and their psychological well-being decreases. Perceived social support for women can be affected and changed by infertility. The purpose of this research was to compare perceived social support and psychological well-being between pregnant women with surrogacy, Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) and natural fertility in Isfahan. Methods: The method of this research was ex post facto. Therefore, 90 pregnant women with surrogacy and ART were selected among woment referred to Isfahan infertility clinics, while pregnant women with natural fertility were selected as controls by convenience sampling. These women responded to Mitchell and Zimeth's (2000) Perceived Social Support Scale and Ryff (1989) Psychological Well-Being. Results: The results of Multiple Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) showed that there was a significant difference between methods of fertility regarding perceived social support (important person and family) (P < 0. 001), and pregnant women with ART had higher perceived social support compared to pregnant women with natural fertility. In addition, surrogate women compared to the other two groups had lower perceived social support. Also there was a significant difference in psychological well-being subscales of positive relations, environmental mastery, personal growth, purposefulness (P < 0. 001) and self-acceptance (P < 0. 05) and the mean of psychological well-being in pregnant women with natural fertility was higher than the two other groups. Conclusions: These results have important implications regarding the importance of psychological interventions for fertile women.

Introduction: Myocardial infarction is one of the most deadly diseases. More than 300 people die of myocardial infarction. Out of eight patients with heart failure, one is affected by post-traumatic stress disorder, the same conditions can lead to the next stroke. Due to the side effects of drug treatments for post-traumatic stress disorder, non-pharmacological methods such as poetry therapy can be used. This study aimed to determine the effect of poetry therapy on post-traumatic stress disorder in patients with myocardial infarction during year 2015 in the city of Bushehr, Iran. Methods: This study was a clinical trial. It included 60 patients with myocardial infarction at the Bushehr Heart Hospital, and was conducted during year 2015. The samples using available and then were assigned to two groups. A checklist for data collection from the PTSD Check List (PCl) was used. The control group did not receive poetry therapy. Poetry therapy sessions of 45 minutes, four times per week, were carried out for each patient. The SPSS software was used to analyze data through Series 20, descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, frequency and 95% confidence interval) and inferential statistics (Chi-square, Fisher's exact test and independent t-test). Results: In both experimental and control groups, seven patients (23. 3%) were female and 23 (76. 7%) were male. The score of posttraumatic stress disorder after the intervention in patients of the intervention and control groups was significantly different (P = 0. 0001). The average score of post-traumatic stress disorder before the intervention and after the intervention, in the experimental group was significantly different (P = 0. 0001). Regarding the severity of posttraumatic stress disorder between the case and control groups after the intervention, there was a significant difference (P = 0. 0001). Conclusions: Due to the effect of poetry therapy on PTSD in patients with myocardial infarction, it is recommended to use this method to reduce PTSD in patients, in clinical practice and education plans.

Introduction: Attitude is a cognitive phenomenon that has a considerable influence on willingness to get married, age when married and the stability of marriage. Due to the gap in the field of qualitative researches on marriage in the country, this study aimed to explain the attitudes of married students towards marriage. Methods: This study was a qualitative study using content analysis in which data were collected using purposive sampling and in-depth semi-structured individual interviews with 18 married students selected from the Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Iran. Data was saturated after conducting 18 interviews. Data analysis was carried out through conventional content analysis; after the transcription of recorded interviews on paper and immersion in the data, the initial codes were extracted. To determine the main categories, initial codes were reviewed and classified in several steps. Results: In total, 589 concepts in initial coding, 68 categories in open coding, and 12 classes in axial coding were extracted. The main 12 classes and themes consisted of socio-cultural factors, early expriences and observing incomplete patterns, awreness of and understanding each other, material and spiritual support, realizing the sanctity of marriage, pressures for marriage, interference of parents and intergenerational transmission, economic factors, proper coping strategies, perceived personal development and willingness for marriage. The 12 main classes and themes were recognized as the effective factors on married students' attitude toward marriage. Conclusions: In this study, changing attitudes towards marriage was a fundamental factor in encouraging young people to get married, which can be implemented by following a systematic approach (general scheme). Promoting successful models of marriage in the society, moral and material support by parents, teaching coping strategies commensurate with the challenges of marriage, increasing marriage preparation skills, and government support in forming counseling units run by committed and professional and family psychologists and counselors are key items in this scheme.

Introduction: Identifying mental disorders is very important, because these disorders can decrease the success rate of educational progress in students and prevent their further achievements. This study aimed to identify the mental health status of nursing, midwifery and paramedical students of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences during year 2014. Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 400 students who met the inclusion criteria were selected by randomized stratified sampling. A demographic questionnaire and Symptom Checklist 1990 Revised (SCL-90-R) was used for data collection. Data were analyzed by the SPSS software version 18 using regression and independent t test. Results: According to the results, 36% of the students had good mental health and 64% were suspected to have mental disorders (50. 9% mild, 10. 9% moderate and 2. 2% severe). The most common disorder between students was interpersonal sensitivity and the least common disorder was phobia. There was a statistical difference between gender and mental disorders (t test, P<0. 05) and mean scores of girls were higher than boys in all dimensions except interpersonal sensitivity. Conclusions: According to the results, mental disorders, especially interpersonal sensitivity, have high prevalence among students. Thus management of such disorders and activities such as entertainment, cultural and spiritual programs that maybe influential for mental well-being are recommended.

Introduction: Regarding the role of emotion regulation in choosing a method to overcome stressful situations, the present study aimed to predict resiliency, based on cognitive emotion regulation strategies and positive and negative affect in women with breast cancer. Methods: The method of this study was descriptive correlation. The study sample consisted of 120 women with breast cancer that were selected by the purposive sampling method. For gathering data, the Connor and Davidson Resilience Scale, Garnefski et al. cognitive emotion regulation and Diener et al. positive and negative experiences scale were used. Results: The results showed that the positive cognitive emotion regulation strategies, including positive reappraisal strategies, self-blame, taking a positive point of view and re-consideration of planning in four steps, indicated total predicts of 0. 65 of resiliency variance (P < 0. 001), but positive and negative emotions were not able to predict resiliency. Resiliency with positive cognitive emotion regulation strategies and positive affect had a significant positive correlation, with negative cognitive emotion regulation strategies, while negative affect had a significant negative correlation (P < 0. 001). Conclusions: Based on these results, it can be concluded that strengthening positive cognitive emotion regulations should be regarded as a target for interventions and be included in resiliency training programs.

Introduction: Family caregivers of patients, candidate for coronary artery bypass graft surgery, experience high rate of anxiety about the operation, its results and the post caring process. Lack of sufficient information exacerbates the anxiety and stress rate. Here, the influence of peer-led education on anxiety rate of family caregivers of candidate patients for CABG was studied. Methods: The study was conducted at Shahid Chamran Hospital of Isfahan as a trial-clinical research. After the peer group was selected and prepared, 50 affiliated family caregivers were selected by the in-available method and assigned randomly to two control and experimental groups. The anxiety rate of family caregivers was measured using the Speielberger Questionnaire, before and after the intervention. In the experimental group, the participants were categorized in groups of six and educated in two sessions for two respective days before the operation and the educational sessions were carried out for the peer group. Results: Before the intervention, the results did not show significant differences in anxiety of family caregivers of candidate patients for chronic vascular operation between the control and experimental groups (P = 0. 46). However, after the operation, the anxiety difference between the two groups was significant (P < 0. 001) and the anxiety rate in the experimental group had decreased. The anxiety rate differences of family caregivers in the post-experimental group was significant relative to the pre-experimental period (P < 0. 001). In general there was no significant differences in anxiety rate of the control group (P < 0. 28). Conclusions: the peer-led educational program was effective in decreasing the anxiety rate among family caregivers of candidate patients of CABG. Therefore, it is suggested to have a well-trained peer group to educate the patient’ s family caregivers.

Introduction: Anxiety is the most common psychological reaction of the families of the patients at the Cardiac Surgery Intensive Care Unit (CSICU), since nursing consultation is an approach for controlling anxiety. Focus on family needs and nursing consultation, have an important role in the family’ s level of satisfaction. This study aimed to determine the effect of nursing consultation on anxiety and satisfaction of patients' families at CSICU. Methods: This clinical trial was conducted on fifty-four family members of patients at CSICU of a hospital in Kurdkoy, Iran, which were selected by the convenience sampling method and were sequentially allocated to intervention and control groups. For the intervention group, the nursing consultation program was carried out from admission to discharge while for the control group, only routine procedures were performed. The data was collected via a demographic checklist and state-anxiety Spielberger Satisfaction Inventory and analyzed by the chi-square, independent and paired t-tests using the SPSS (v. 16) software. Results: The results showed that the two groups had similar demographic characteristics. The mean anxiety of the intervention and control groups was 59. 50 ± 5. 51 and 58. 17 ± 5. 58, respectively, and their difference was statistically significant (P < 0. 001). The mean satisfaction from the information in the intervention and control groups was 73. 54 ± 9. 72 and 53. 78 ± 4. 34, respectively and this difference was statistically significant. Thus, the intervention group was more satisfied with the received information (P < 0. 01). Conclusions: Nursing consultation was effective on reducing anxiety and increasing satisfaction of patients' families at the Cardiac Surgery Intensive Care Unit in our study.

Introduction: The complex nature of traumatic brain injury and acute or long-term changes can dramatically affect quality of life after brain injury. Because many factors are involved in the etiology of traumatic brain injury, the present study was performed to compare sensation seeking, aggression, positive affect and negative affect between people with Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) and healthy people. Methods: This study was causative-comparative. Thirty individuals with traumatic brain injury and 30 healthy controls were selected purposefully. For gathering data, Zuckerman Sensation Seeking Test, Aggression Questionnaire (AGQ), and Positive Affect And Negative Affect Scale (PANAS) were used. The data was analyzed by multi-variable variance analysis (MANOVA). Results: The results showed that the mean score of sensation seeking in individuals with brain injury was 22 ± 4. 48, and 11 ± 4. 48 in healthy subjects. The mean score of aggression was 54 ± 9. 95 in individuals with brain injury, and 33 ± 9. 42 in healthy individuals. The mean score of positive affect was 2 ± 0. 57 in individuals with brain injury and 3 ± 0. 52 in healthy controls. The mean score of negative emotions in healthy individuals was 2 ± 0. 6, and 2 ± 0. 46 in people with traumatic brain injury. The results showed that the positive affect in people with brain injury is less than healthy subjects and patients with brain injury have more negative affect than healthy controls. Conclusions: It can be concluded that damage to the structure of the brain physiology will be followed by different psychological consequences, including aggression, sensation seeking and changes of affection.